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-Navy augmented-Yazoo Claims-Georgia presses President to buy out Indians-
President's Action-His general Course in Respect to the Indians-His Speech to
"Handsome Lake"-His Speech to Miamies and Delawares-A Dream of Philan-
thropy-Indian Treaties-Congressional Measures-Dry Docks-Mitchell's Report-
"He laughs best that laughs latest"-The Adjournment-Jefferson to his Daugh-
ters,
1
CHAPTER II.
1803-1804.
Livingston's Reception in France-His Qualifications as a Minister-Communicates the
Refusal of France to sell her new American Possessions-His Assurances to France in
Respect to her colonizing them-These Assurances wholly at Variance with the Presi
dent's Views-His Later Dispatches-Receives the President's Letter and Formal In-
structions The Discrepancy in the latter explained-The Federalists unconsciously
playing into the President's Hands-Effect of their War Proposition in the Session of
1802-3 on Bonaparte-Why he preferred a Sacrifice of Louisiana to War with the Uni-
ted States-Why Monroe was sent to act with Livingston-President to Monroe and to
M. Dupont-Livingston's Dispatches-England and France preparing for a Renewal of
War The Crisis anticipated by Jefferson reached-Talleyrand proposes to sell Lou-
isiana-Marbois intrusted with the Negotiations by Bonaparte-His Official Offer to
sell Louisiana-Answer of the American Minister-Treaty of Sale to the United States
effected-Conditions of the Treaty and Conventions-Great Britain favors the Ar-
rangement-Her Motives-The American Minister's Dispatches Home-The Secretary
of State's Reply-Errors in the Minister's Dispatch corrected-Jefferson's Modesty-
His Exclusive Origination of the Policy which led to the Acquisition never publicly
avowed-Extent and Value of the Acquisition-Illustrative Statistical Comparisons-
Other National Advantages secured besides Territory and Wealth-The Victories of
the Gallic Cæsar and of the Republican President compared-Consequences of Presi-
dent's Delicacy towards Livingston-President's Signals to England-His Letters to Sir
John Sinclair and the Earl of Buchan-Republican Murmurs in 1803 at the President's
Refusal to remove Federalists-His Unalterable Determination expressed to Nichol-
son-Result of the Spring Elections in 1803-Jefferson to Breckenridge on Further
Territorial Acquisitions-The Effect of the Recent one on the Preservation of Union-
Refuses to communicate his Birth-day to be made an Anniversary-Letter to Nicholas
-Regards a Constitutional Amendment necessary to carry out the Stipulations of the
Recent Treaty-Congress convened-Prominent Members-The President's Message
-Treaty ratified by the Senate-Resolution in the House to carry it into Effect-
R. Griswold's Resolution calling for Papers-Determined Opposition to Treaty by
Federalists-Grounds of the Opposition-G. Griswold's Speech-Republicans take
Ground that no Constitutional Amendments are Necessary-Speeches of J. Randolph,
Nicholson, Rodney, etc.-Federalists admit Constitutionality of Purchase, but contend
the Territories must be governed as Colonies-Motives and Effects of their Proposi-
tions-The Final Vote-Question reopened in the Senate on another Bill-Speeches
of White, Pinckney, J. Q. Adams, Dayton, and Tracy-The Republican Speakers-
Effect of the Federal Opposition-Political Comparisons-Ames and Morris on the
State of Affairs-Hamilton Silent-Bankrupt Law Repealed-Barbary Affairs-Death
of Samuel Adams and Pendleton-Impeachment of Judge Pickering-Articles of Im-
peachment ordered against Judge Chase-Adjournment, 47
CHAPTER III.
1804-1805.
Republican Congressional Caucus to nominate President and Vice-President-George
Clinton-President's Correspondence-Considers Learned Professions overstocked and
proposes a Remedy-His Feelings towards U. S. Bank in 1803-His Enemies attacking
an Imaginary Personage-Malthus and Say-Reasons for accepting a Renomination-
Views on a Coalition with the Federalists-Family Letters-Death of his Daughter, Mrs.
Eppes-Account of, by a Member of the Family-Condolences of Governor Page and
Judge Tyler-Letter of Condolence from Mrs. John Adams and Reply-Their further Cor-
respondence and the Sequel-The Conduct of both considered-A new Rule of Official
Removals avowed-President's Views of Louisiana Boundary, etc.-Official Appoint-
ments for Orleans Territory-A Letter to Mazzei-Provision for Lafayette-To Madi-
son-Desires Republican Officeholders not to interfere in Elections-Death of General
Hamilton-His last Public Letter-His Political Standing at the time of his Death--
Result of the Presidential Election-Federal Calumnies-An Example-The Poet
Moore's Statement that the President treated the British Minister with Incivility-The
Circumstances Official Correspondence on the Subject-The Sequel-Thomas Moore's
individual Grievance-His Course and Views in this Country-His Presentation to the
President His Lampoons on the President-Anecdote-Jefferson and the Irish Melo-
dies J. Q. Adams's better kept Grudge-Second Session of Eighth Congress-Presi-
dent's Message Changes in the Senate-Impeachment of Judge Chase-The Resu!t______
Reasons for his Acquittal-Constitutional Amendments proposed-Congressional Pro-
ceedings-Gun-boats-Classes interested in opposing them-President's Policy in not
seeking to build up a great Navy-Disasters of War of 1812 imputed to this Cause-
Strength of English Navy in 1803-Strength of American Navy on Jefferson's Acces-
sion-Result of a great-navy Policy-Population and moneyed Wealth compared-The
Absurdity of then attempting to rival England as a Naval Power-The Results of the
Opposite Course-Growing a better way of acquiring Strength than Arming-The Peace
Policy Jefferson's exclusive Responsibility for it-Gun-boat Bill passed-Law against
Violators of Neutrality-Enactments against American Contraband Trade in West In-
dies Territoral Bills-President's Correspondence-Early Prejudices against the
class of Artisans recanted-Letter to Taylor avowing his Determination to retire at
close of Second Term-Inauguration-Inaugural Speech-Cabinet Changes-Local Re-
publican Schisms-President's Letter to Logan on Consequences of these Schisms-
Character of Family Correspondence henceforth-Letter to J.W. Eppes.. 90
СНАРТER IV.
1805-1806.
The Tripolitan War-President strengthens Mediterranean Fleet-Tripoli bombarded—
Catastrophe of the Ketch Intrepid-Preble returns Home and is succeeded by Barron
-Preble's Opinion of Gunboats-Force left in Mediterranean-Eaton's romantic Expe-
dition-Advances across the Lybian Desert and captures Derne-Barron refuses Rein-
forcements to attack Tripoli-Propriety of his Refusal considered-Barron succeeded
by Rogers-Lear's Treaty with Tripoli-Criticisms on that Treaty-The Charge that
Hamet Caramalli was dishonorably abandoned-Eaton's Testimony-Barron's Instruc-
tions-Hamet's own Testimony-Unfriendly Relations with Spain-Napoleon counte-
nances Spain-The President's Manner of meeting the Insolence of French Minister-
Considers a conditional Alliance with England necessary-The Battle of Trafalgar-
It makes Napoleon our Friend and England our Enemy-Meeting of Ninth Congress
-New Members President's Message-Confidential Message on Spanish Affairs-
Report of Committee-Two Millions appropriated to purchase Floridas-John Ran-
dolph's defection-His Character and Career-Jefferson's Estimation of him-Special
Message on English Aggressions-Various Propositions and Debate thereon in the
House-Votes on Gregg's and Sloane's Resolutions-The Administration Plan-Inter-
course prohibited with St. Domingo-Appropriations-Cumberland Road Bill passed
-Its History-Coast Survey originated-Mediterranean Fund-Bills which failed-A
Political Ordeal passed by the Administration-Quarrel between John and Thomas
Mann Randolph-Garland's Statements corrected-Miranda's Expedition sails from
New York-Smith and Ogden prosecuted for Breach of Neutrality Laws-Their impu-
dent Memorial to Congress-Quincy's Charge and Retraction-Votes of the House on
the Memorial-The Finale of Miranda's Expedition-President's Correspondence with
the Emperor Alexander-An International Policy inaugurated-Letter to Monroe on
Death of Pitt-Outrage of the Leander-Hopes raised by the Accession of Fox to
British Ministry-Domestic Political Triumphs-Randolph's Newspaper Attack on
Administration-Burwell's Reply-Projects of Burr in 1805-His first Western Journey
-At Blennerhasset's Island, Nashville, New Orleans, etc.-Return-Attempts to
engage Eaton, Truxton, etc., in his Schemes-His Disclosures to Eaton-His Plans,
how fostered-His second Trip West-His Bastrop or Washita Purchase-His and
Blennerhasset's Preparations-Newspapers urging a Separation of the Atlantic and
Western States-Wilkinson's and Burr's Correspondence-Burr sends Swartwout to
Wilkinson-Burr's and Dayton's Letters in Cipher-Wilkinson's Proceedings thereon
-Declares New Orleans under Martial Law-Sends Bollman and Swartwout Prisoners
to Washington-The President's earliest Intimations of the Conspiracy-His pro-
ceedings thereon-Daviess's Measures against Burr in Kentucky-How thwarted-
Henry Clay's Agency in the Affair-Further History of the Conspiracy-Broken up-
Burr's flight-Arrested and sent to Richmond for Trial-President's Correspondence
during the Affair,
137
CHAPTER V.
1806-1807.
Second Session of Ninth Congress-President's Message-Special Message on English
Affairs-Congress ask Information in regard to Burr's Conspiracy-Senate pass a Bill
to suspend the writ of habeas corpus-The House summarily reject the Bill-Eppes's
Speech-Causes of reaction in public feeling-Bollman and Swartwout brought
Prisoners to Washington-President's further Information to Congress-Bollman and
Swartwout discharged from custody-Broom's Resolution to further secure privilege of
the writ of habeas corpus rejected-Bill to suppress African slave trade-Naval defences
-The different plans urged-Adjournment-Correspondence-New English Treaty-Its
inconsistency with Instructions-The President to Monroe on the subject-He rejects
the Treaty without consulting the Senate-Letters to his Cabinet-Spring Elections
in 1807-Burr brought to Richmond-The Legal Proceedings before Judge Marshall-
Burr held to Bail for a Misdemeanor-His Reception by the Federalists of Richmond-
Mr. Wickham's Dinner-Party-Chief Justice and Burr meet as Guests there-Professor
Tucker's Explanation of the Circumstance-Burr's Trial-Motion for a Subpana duces
tecum to the President-Offer of United States Attorney to voluntarily furnish all
necessary evidence-Martin's Attacks on the President-Wirt's Reply-Chief Justice's
Remarks-Attacks on the President continued-President's Indignation-Martin's
Motives and Character-A Blunder avoided-The Subpana duces tecum issued-Presi-
dent's Offer in the interim to furnish all needful Testimony-His Answer on receiving
the Subpoena, etc.-A practical Commentary-Manner of treating Government Wit-
nesses-Indictment for Treason and Misdemeanor found-Burr confined in his Counsel's
house-Arraigned-His Description of his "Apartments" etc., in the Penitentiary-
Trial opened-President's Letters to United States Attorney-Motion to stop the
Introduction of Evidence in the Trial for Treason granted-Verdict of the Jury-Trial
for Misdemeanor-The Proof relied on by the Prosecution ruled out-The Sequel-Burr
held to Bail for a Misdemeanor in Ohio-President's Correspondence with District
Attorney-Accused of undue eagerness for Prisoner's Conviction-Accused of Impro-
per Interference-These Charges examined-Burr's Flight-His Miseries in Foreign
Lands-Unable to get Home-Finally reaches Home in 1812-His obscurity and Dis
grace-Death of his Family-Dreads Imprisonment for Debt-Subsequent Course and
Closing Scene,
. 189
CHAPTER VI.
1807-1808.
Affair of the Chesapeake and Leopard-Popular and Official Movements thereon-Presi-
dent's Views-His Attitude in relation to Spanish Affairs-Indian Difficulties-Private
Correspondence-Considers a Presidential Tour improper-The President and his
Grandson-Anecdotes-Carrying a Kentuckian en croupe-The drunken Soldier-An
Acquaintance made under unusual Circumstances-Our Relations with England-Was
the rejection of the Treaty the Cause of English Hostility?-Canning's Intercourse with
American Ministers-British Proclamation and Orders in Council-Effects on United
States Meeting of Congress-President's Message-Embargo recommended-Was the
President then apprised of last Orders in Council?-The Embargo Bill passes-Presi
dent transmits to Congress Proceedings in Burr's Trials-Motion to expel Smith as an
Accomplice of Burr-J. Q. Adams's Report thereon-Bayard's Opinion of Burr's Guilt
-Vote in Smith's Case-Bills to amend the Laws of Treason-Pennsylvania Resolu-
tions-Wilkinson's Conduct investigated-Supplementary Embargo Acts-Gardenier's
Speech-Johnson's and Campbell's Replies-Duel between Gardenier and Campbell--
Bills passed-Deaths-Adjournment-Arrival of English Minister-His Correspondence
with Madison and Departure-President's Views of Objects and Effects of Embargo-
His View of our Foreign Relations-Legislative and other Addresses approving Em-
bargo--Eight Legislatures nominate the President for a Third Term-His decisive
Refusal arrests further Nominations-Presidential Caucus-Clinton and Monroe's dis-
satisfaction-Correspondence between the President and Monroe-Claims of the latter
compared with Madison's-The President's impartial Overtures to England and France
Their Replies-Pinkney writes Home urging a full persistence in Embargo-Effects
of Embargo on different Classes and Sections of our Country-Its comparative Effects
in United States and England-England encouraged to persist by the Conduct of New
England Federalists-Disingenuousness of their Appeals to Sectional and Class Inte-
rests Comparative Exports and Tonnage of different Sections of the Union-Infrac-
tions of Embargo in New York and New England-Revenue Officers forcibly resisted
-Conduct of New York and New England Executives-President's Impartiality in
granting Permits-General Armstrong's Dispatches in regard to Florida-President's
Views Germ of the "Monroe Doctrine "-President's Views of English Relations-
His View of the proper Manner of executing Criminal Justice on Indian Offenders-
History of the "Batture Case,"
223
CHAPTER VII.
1808-1809.
The President at Home-Letters to his Grandson-Presidential Election, 1808-Our Rela-
tions with England-Mr. Canning and Mr. Pinkney-Their Diplomatic Correspon-
dence, etc.-Canning's offensive Communication-Meeting of Congress-President's
Message-Action of Congress on Embargo-Embargo sustained by a larger Majority
than that by which it originally passed-The Enforcing Law-President's continued
Avowals that Embargo was intended as a Temporary Measure-A Federal Quibble to
find a Fulcrum for Sedition-Reception of Enforcing Law in Massachusetts-Resistance
and Disunion called for in Newspapers and Town Meetings-Gore's Resolutions passed
by Massachusetts Legislature, January, 1809-Awkward Posture in which they placed
some of the Federal Leaders Silence of our Government in regard to Canning's offen-
sive Communication-That Communication published, through British agency, in Massa-
chusetts-Effect produced on Public Mind and in Congress-Key's Speech-Bill for an
Extra Session passes Congress-This a test question on the Administration Policy-
That Policy described by the President-Other Bills, and Federal Policy-Nicholas's
Resolution-Quincy moves Resolutions preparatory to an Impeachment of the Presi
dent-They receive one Vote-A new Republican Wing, and its Plan-It unites with
the Opposition to vote down Nicholas's Resolution-Defeat of the Administration-
Jefferson to his Son-in-law on the Subject-Administration Party rally-The Non-Inter-
course Law passed-President's contemporaneous Explanation of premature Repeal
of Embargo-His Contradictory Statements to Giles in 1825-Causes of his manifest
Error in them in regard to J. Q. Adams, etc.-They fortunately do no Injustice to Mr.
Adams-Mr. Adams's Remarks on them in National Intelligencer-His charges against
Federalists of Disunion Projects in 1808-9 and previously-Jefferson's Real Attitude on
Repeal of Embargo-The later Assailants of that Law-An English and French View
of the subject-Testimony of Edinburg Review and the Emperor Napoleon-What
Substitute did its Opponents propose?-Inconsistency of New England Maritime
Federalists-Memorial of John Jacob Astor and others-Final success of the Policy-
Mr. Jefferson's Consistency while in Office-His Personal Feelings unchilled-His Rela-
tions with Subordinates, etc.-His Feelings on leaving Office-Addresses pour upon
him-Address of Virginia General Assembly-His Reply-Declines the Ovation of his
Neighbors His Answer to their Address,
CHAPTER VIII.
1809.
270
Mr. Jefferson's return Home-His Correspondence with the President Jefferson's and
Madison's Friendship-Their Similarities and Contrasts of Character, etc.-Their dif
ferent Degrees of Popularity among Political Friends and Opponents-Their Useful-
ness to each other-Erskine's Treaty-Jefferson's Views of it-His Annexation Views-
The Treaty rejected by England-"Copenhagen Jackson" succeeds Erskine-
Habitual deportment of British Ministers in the United States-How the Treaty had
been received by the Federalists-Their Declarations on its Rejection-Feelings of the
American people-Jefferson to Eppes-His Views on Equilibrium of Agriculture,
Manufactures and Commerce-Dissensions in Mr. Madison's Cabinet-Jefferson dis-
suades Gallatin from retiring-Engaged in correcting Marshall's Life of Washington-
Loss of his Indian Vocabularies-Domestic affairs-Letter to Kosciusko-Jefferson's
Pecuniary Affairs-A Statement of them and of the Sources of his Pecuniary Misfor-
tunes-Amount of his Property-Causes of the Depression of the Agricultural Interest
in Virginia-Monetary Revulsions-Life at Monticello-Its Scale of Hospitality-A talk
with old Wormley-Mr. Jefferson's proposed and actual Style of Living-Anecdote of
Mr. C***.-The Current of Events unchangeable-The Sequel-Description of Monti-
cello-Its Approach-The Grounds and Mansion-Interior of the House forty years
ago-Prospect from Monticello-Looming of the Mountains-Jefferson's proposed
Improvements to the Scenery-An early English Description of the Climate and
Inhabitants-A Rain Storm and an important Computation-Reasons for Jefferson's
building his House at Poplar Forest-The House and Life there described by his
Grand-daughter-Journeying between his two Residences described by another Grand-
daughter-An Omission in the Sketch of the House at Poplar Forest-Interview with
a Parson at Ford's Tavern-Jefferson in the Interior of his Family, his Reading, his
Rural and Horticultural Tastes, described by a Grand-daughter-His Conduct and Man-
ners in his Family, described by different Grand-daughters, .
CHAPTER IX.
1810-1813.
307
Jefferson's Correspondence in 1810-Anticipates a Financial Crash in England-Russian
Ambassador and Jefferson-Publications suggested by Jefferson-Correspondence
of 1811-Letter to Eppes-Views on Colonization and on Duties of Government
in relation thereto-Misunderstandings in Madison's Cabinet-Duane's Attack on