Feb. 1762.

A fummary of the public affairs in 1761.

and vigour in regard to that power; but
that his opinion as to the particular mea-
fures he infifted on was over-ruled. The
minister almost every one knows to have
been William Pitt, Efq; one of the
principal fecretaries of state. On the
sth of October he refigned the feals;
and a fhoal of pamphlets, with small pie-
ces in the news-papers, condemning or
vindicating his conduct in that refpect,
foon appeared. As he was now out of
power, many who before feemed, at least
by their filence, to acquiefce in the mea-
fures he pursued while in it, bitterly in-
veighed against the continental connec-
tions he had adhered to during his admi-
niftration, though before he came into
public office, he had vehemently declaim
ed against every thing of that kind. His
former arguings to that purpose could
not be denied; but as to his con-
duct of late being different from them, it
was answered in substance, that what in
his young days he thought was wrong,
more years and experience had fhewn
him to be right. Upon a motion lately
made for addreifing his Majefty to recall
all the British troops from Germany, it
was evidently seen, that the first branch
of his great council were pretty unani-
mous against laying afide all regard to
the continent at prefent. Mr Pitt is a
rare instance, of one commonly reckoned:
to be a prime minifter in Britain retain
ing fuch a degree of popularity, after
ceafing to be one. It is notorious, that
during his administration the plans of o-
perations were well projected and execu-,
ted, and the character of the British arms,
by fea and land, raised from a low to a
high degree of honour. May the British
veffel be still as well, or better guided,
whoever be at the helm, to the honour
and fatisfaction of the royal captain, the
fafety and advantage of the whole crew.
It may be encouraging to have found by
late experience, that the ftill has in her
fo much unimpaired heart of oak; that
the is in every respect fo tight, as that
storms have served only to fhew the fresh-
nefs of her masts and rigging, some parts
of which had been fufpected by feveral
people to be almoft rotten*; and that
confequently it requires nothing more
than good steering and working, to make,
By the experienced freshness of fome parts
of the mails and rigging fufpected to be rotten,
is here meant, the brave and firm behaviour
of the Scots bighlanders in the cause of their
Gaty.

65

her go well, and again stand firm against the impetuofity of a boisterous sea.Proceed we now to an account of British affairs in the feveral distant quarters of the world.

Some months before the beginning of laft year, the British had taken all Canada in NORTH AMERICA from the French, whole incroachments in that quarter gave rife to the war between the two nations. It required fome time to settle matters there, and fecure the new conquests, which rendered it impracticable to undertake any great enterprise foon, against the French colonies fituated in fo warm a climate, north latitude, as makes our winter to be the only proper season for attacking fuch of them as are of any confiderable strength. The inhabitants of Canada are faid to have been foon perfectly reconciled to the British government, by finding that they could enjoy whatever property they had with fecuri. ty, which formerly was far from being the cafe. In winter of last year, Major Rogers, with a body of British troops, took poffefion of the moft material posts which the French held, for a great way back on the lakes. At Detroit, or Fort St Jofeph, fituated on the navigable channel which unites the great lakes Huron and Erie, he found a town of near 300 houses, and a fettled country round, inhabited by above 3000 perfons; facts of which the British colonists had no notion. He brought away the garrison found in the place, and left in it another, part of the forces under his command. In the month of June laft, Gen. Amherst, commander in chief of his Britannic Majefty's forces in North America, received the submission of the chiets of several Indian nations, and entered into a treaty of peace and friendship with them. All danger from the Canadians, and Indians formerly under their influence, being looked upon as at an end, feveral hundreds of people went from Ireland to Nva Scotia, about the end of fummer, In order to fettle there.

On the back of the two Carolina's, the British had still a war to carry on against the Cherokees, a pretty numerous Indian tribe on the branches of the Ohio, in or der to chaftife them for their perfidious villany in 1760. On the 7th of June, Col. Grant put on march from Fort Prince George towards the heart of their country, with about 2600 regulars, provincials, friendly Indians, and negroes. The

roth, he had a kind of action with them, eight miles from Eftatoe Old Town, in a long narrow defile, very favourable to the Indians, according to their way of fighting. It lafted in whole about fix hours, at the end of which the Cherokees were quite driven off, and afterwards made no oppofition, the lofs of the British troops being only 10 men killed, and about 50 wounded. Col, Grant there. fore proceeded on the bufinefs he went about. The towns of the Cherokee lower fettlements having been destroyed the preceding year, he burnt all those of the middle ones, amounting to fifteen, befides many little villages and scattered houses; ruined above 1400 acres of corn, a matter of great importance to a tribe of Indians; and fo drove near 5000 people, men, women, and children, to the mountains, where they were reduced to extreme mifery. Col. Grant returned to Fort Prince George the 9th of July, the troops under his command having endured exceffive toils, and been obliged to leave a country where there were no provifions, but what they had carried with them on pack-horfes. Through the mediation of Atta-kulla-kulla, or the Little Carpenter, a Cherokee chief, who had in all viciflitudes remained faithful to the British, the Governor of South Carolina granted very moderate terms of peace to his nation, the 23d of September. They were figned by both that Governor and the Little Carpenter; and it was required by the former, as a neceffary condition of thofe ftipulations being final and of effect, that fome of the Cherokee headmen from their several settlements, fhould come to Charles-Town and confirm them, and then regulate fuch matters as concerned the trade to be carried on with their nation. What happened pofterior to that, will be found in the monthly hiftory of this current year.

On the 6th of June, Dominica, one of the neutral Caribbee iflands in the WEST INDIES, but which the French had fettled, contrary to treaty, was taken by Lord Rollo at the head of a small body of British troops. As the inhabitants made refiftance, and their places of defence were carried by affault, they obtained no other terms than protection till his Britannic Majefty's pleature might he known, upon condition of delivering up their arms, and fwearing allegiance to their new fovereign.-Martinico lies a little fouth of Dominica, and is the best

fettled and fortified ifland which tl French have in thofe parts. In 1759 th British made an unsuccessful attempt up on it, before they went to attack Gua dalupe. Great preparations were mad laft year for reducing it. Before th middle of December, it was quite invef ed by a good fleet, and the tranfpor were daily expected with about 15 16,000 land-forces, from Europe, Nort America, and fome of the British island in the West Indies.

Nothing of great importance happene to any of the British colonies on the coa of AFRICA laft year, but that, excep three houses, the whole town of Gore was reduced to afhes by fire, with th quarters of feveral officers. The fort being fituated on a pretty high rock, fuf tained no damage.

It was not till the month of May last that we received advice, that, between fome time in January and the end of June 1760, two French men of war, the on of 60 and the other of 18 guns, wit 1000 men on board, fucceffively took al the British forts and factories on the ifland of Sumatra in the EAST INDIES, making almost all the company's fervants and fmall garrifons prifoners. It cannot b fuppofed, as matters in general stood that the French could pretend to keep thofe places. A confiderable part of the effects belonging to the British company were fent up into the country, and com mitted to the charge of the headmen of the natives; who, feeing the then fituation of affairs, appropriated them to thei own ufe; which the company's fervant confidered as better than that they thould have fallen into the hands of the French as they might afterwards be able to oblige the Mallays to restore them, and to fuffer for their infidelity. That French expe dition was conducted by the Count d'E ftaing, whom the British in the Eaft In dies had made prifoner, and allowed to go with the freedom he could reasonably defire among them, upon his word of honour. Though he had given that, he made an elopement, and was afterward greatly zealous against the British, doing them feveral pieces of mifchief, befides thofe in Sumatra. He is now a prifoner again, and in England, where, upon examination by fome officers of diftinction returned from the East Indies, he has been found to be really the infamous Count d'Estaing About the middle of May 1760, a British fquadron formed the

blockade

Feb.1762

A fiftula cured in the parotid gland.

blockade of Pondicherry, capital of the
French fettlements in that country, by
fea, in order to prevent the fending of
troops, ammunition, or provifions, to it
that way. It was not till fome months
after, that a fmall army came to block it
up on the land-fide; and nothing like a
fiege was begun to be carried on, till
near the end of November. In the e-
vening of Jan. 1. 1761, a violent ftorm
arole, which continued for above feven
hours, and destroyed four British men of
war and a fire hip. The blockade by
fea was renewed on the 4th; and the
fiege by land was still carried on. Both
the garrison, and the inhabitants, in ex-
pectation of relief from the French fqua-
dron, fuffered themselves to be reduced
to the utmost diftrefs for want of provi-
fions. At length, on the 16th of Janu-
ary, the place was furrendered. The
cath and goods discovered in the ware-
houfes within a few days after, were rec-
koned at 2,000,000l. Sterling- -Accor-
ding to the best advices we have received,
the French after this had nothing more
on the continent of Afia, than Merguy,
on the peninfula of Pegu, and Mihie on
the Malabar coaft. On the 10th of Fe-
bruary, the latter, and most valuable of
thefe, with all its dependencies, was fur-
rendered to Mell. Hodges and Munro.
Of the other we have heard nothing.
We have only this to add, That, on the
15th of January, the British gained a
complete victory, near Patna, in the
kingdom of Bengal, over the fon of the
late Great Mogul, who had about 50,000
fighting men in the action. They after
wards defeated the Raja, who was in re-
bellion against the Nabob of Bengal, and
delivered the town in which he refided to
that Nabob; who, as an acknowledgment
for the whole, engaged to pay the British
Eaft-India company fix millions of ru-
pees* yearly.

67

In the beginning of March 1760, I was confulted for the daughter of a farmer at Fullbrook in Oxfordshire, aged nineteen, of a fcrophulous habit, under which the had laboured from her infancy to her twelfth year; having had abfceffes in various parts, which were flow of fuppuration, and, by their fituation, and other circumstances, appeared to have been truly of that kind. However, from that period, fhe had been entirely free from fores, and was in all refpects well; except that, at better than half an inch from the lobe of the ear, in a direct line to the belly of the maffeter mufcle, were two finall apertures, almost close together, hardly difcernible but at the time the fluid was iffuing out. Upon this part an abfcefs had been formed, which burft of itself, and had left a very unfeemly fcar. In the centre of this were thefa openings, from whence the faliva flowed very freely, whenever the jaw was in action, but never otherwife.

Value 25. 3 d. Sterling each. See Mair's book-keeping, App. ch. ult.

The cure of a fiftula of the parotid gland,
of nine years ftanding; by James Hunt,
furgeon, of Burford, Oxfordshire.
AS diforders of this kind, when recent,
are generally healed with great diffi-
culty; and as, in this cale, every method
hitherto recommended, either by the an-
cent or modern writers, had been tried
neffectually, give me leave, by means of
your ufeful Magazine, to communicate
the hiftory of it to the public.

Being convinced, from thefe circumftances, that it was merely a difcharge of the spittle, and finding that no topical applications had been used, I told her friends, that I would do all in my power to cure her, if they thought proper to put her under my care.

Upon this, evacuations being premised, a few days after, I applied the common cauftic, about the breadth of a fhilling, over the two openings, diffected out the efchar next day, and dreffed in the usual way. Afterwards I used Vitr. R. Præcip Rubr. vel P. Angel. in order to eat deep into the body of the gland, upon a fuppofition, that, when the ulcer incarned, it would not take upon it the texture of the gland again, and that, confequently, I fhould put a stop to the difcharge. But in this I was deceived. I then dressed with dry lint only; and having reduced the fore to a very narrow compass, and the granulations had filled it even with the furface, I wetted the lint with alcohol, made a graduated comprefs, contrived a fteel machine to fix it, fimilar to thofe uled for fecuring wigs on the head; but with this difference, that the points were

folid and flat, and that which was to make the preffure had a joint, (the bow projecting as far as the centre of this point, with a fcrew in it), by which means we could make what degree of comprettion we pleafed.-I injoined her abftinence from folid food, and that the fhould move her jaw as little as pollible. This method

was

was continued a good while, removing vinced of it by fome future trials, I pr the dreffings once in five or fix days but vailed with her, about a month after, ftill the faliva flowed down the cheek. let me país the needle a second time; whi I then tried the cauftic a fecond time, I did, entering it about the tenth of an in leaving the efchar to caft off fpontaneouf- higher than before: and though this w ly. I was induced to this, by the fuccefs done with much greater difficulty th one Mr Glass (a very ingenious furgeon at the first, yet no bad symptoms enfue Oxford) told me he had met with in a and the could open her mouth much be fomewhat fimilar diforder, and at the fame ter. The difcharge leffened daily, a time fhewed me the cafe related by Hil- ceafed entirely on the 10th of Mar danus, much the fame as mine, where it 1761. I then reduced the filk to o fucceeded; which gave me greater hopes. half, wetting that part which was However, this alfo failed me. I then lodge in the cheek with spirit, vin.; for turned my whole thoughts on introducing could no way introduce the gentian-roo a skain of filk through this aperture into to dilate it internally, as Mr Serjear the mouth, propofing to make it callous Hawkins advifed me.-But as there w within, for the paflage of the faliva, and no applying this fpirit but to the who to heal it externally.-But then, as I had cord, fo that the paflage must be render never feen this put in practice, or recom ed callous, through its whole extent, mended, (except in the Medical Elfays of must neceffarily prevent my healing it ex Edinburgh, and by Mr Chefelden, where ternally; I thought, therefore to remo the duct was wounded), I did not chufe the filk, and to introduce a filver canul to attempt this, without previously con- made taper, and pierced full of holes, wit fulting Mr Serjeant Hawkins, of St that end which was to point outward George's hofpital, (to whom I had been clofed; but how to contrive this, fo as t a pupil), about it; who encouraged me to keep its fituation, and not put my patien try it.-Upon this, I ordered a needle to pain, was what I could not fuggeft. A to be made, fmaller than the feton-nee- length, as we had no discharge for eigh dles, a little concave, and near half of or nine weeks, I ventured to cut the fil the upper part round. With this, in the off clote to the cheek, having before tie beginning of September, I introduced a a fingle thread to it, and drew it a littl fkain of filk, of fixty threads, through in- inwards, lecuring it round the ear. I to the mouth, without any difficulty, or five days the opening was contracted t much pain to the patient. As the aper- the fize of this filk, upon which I divided ture was fituated fo very near the ear, I this also close to the cheek, and drew i was under a neceflity to pass the needle in very cautiously. In two days after i in a very oblique direction, for fear of all dropped into her mouth together pufhing it against the proceffus coronalis, which alarmed her a good deal. She fen of the inferior maxilla: and by that means, I imagine, glanced upon the mal. feter muscle; for the young woman was in a manner jaw-lock'd till after the feton was removed.-The day after the operation, great pain, inflammation and tuinor feized the whole gland; but, by evacuations, a cooling, diluting regimen, and emollient topical applications, thefe were removed. I drew in the feton daily, ordered the mouth to be washed with a little warm water and honey often, and, when the pus was extremely fetid, a little vinegar, or tinct. myrr, was mixed with it. The pittle was now difcharged more profufely than ever, and the pain and fwelling of the gland returned often. I frequently, therefore, made her eat be fore me; and watching very attentively one day, about fix weeks after I had made the perforation, I imagined the faliva same cut rather above it; and being con

for me immediately. When I saw her, found it was not perfectly cicatrized, an therefore was not perfectly eafy myiel However, I fupplied a bit of dry lint, and a diachylon plaifter; and in a few days was entirely healed, and has continued found ever fince. Gent. Mag.

A difcouragement to marriage removed. ONE chief impediment to matrimony is the

fear that women may be left widows m diftref.-A houte is liable to be burnt, therefor we infare against fire; a fhip may loft at fea, & taken by he enemy, therefore we infure hips: we likewife infire lives: And why not infure a gainft widowhood? The chance of a wife's out living her husband is as fubject to calculation as any other chance: if therefore a public company would infure, at a certain rate, from to up to sol per ann. in rafe a woman became a widow life; and a good hulband would willingly pay a hufband might well pay that rate during th to fecure b's wife a provision in cafe of her lurviving him.

PRO