Jan. 1762. Chandler on the cold. ance, a delirium will foon come on by fits; which at length will become perpetual, or attended by alternate ftupors, and end in = convulsions and death. It is of the utmost importance, upon the first approach of a fever, to take to, a warm bed, to ufe abftinence, diluting liquors, and fome appropriate evacua tions; which will almost always carry it off in a fhort time. The danger is from delay: for a fever, though eafily cured at the beginning, will often baile the moft powerful remedies, administered with the greateft fagacity, when it has been fuffered to advance without a check. When the body is preternaturally Cheated, the air is always of itself fuffi. cient to produce an obitructed and in fpifiated perfpiration: for, with refpect to a body fo heated, the air is al ways cold. We.fhould never therefore expose ourfelves, in a state of reft, to the air, when we are hotter than common cloathing, without artificial heat or exercise, will make us. We should never accuftom ourselves to fit in a room more than temperately warm, nor to fit near a fire, or hover over it. We should never go very warm into the cold; but wait till the state of the body is nearer to that of the air into which we are going. All currents of air are to be avoided. When we go out of a playhouse in cold weather, we fhould always throw on fome additional garment, and never for get to guard the mouth and noftrils with a handkerchief or muff, against the paffage of a cold air into them, and down the throat and windpipe. It is dangerous for valetudinary persons to go to church in cold weather, because an abfurd custom univerfally prevails, of washing the church little more than twelve hours before the meeting of the congregation. In wet or damp weather, whether hot or cold, it is advifeable to have a fire in the rooms where we fit or fleep. Our cloathing fhould always be increased in proportion to the coldness of the weather. Luxurious meals are predifpofing caufes of disorders arifing from colds, as they render perfons more liable to take cold, by producing preternatural heat, and a plethoric habit. Upon the first symptom of a cold, go inftantly to a warm bed in a dry warm VOL. XXIV. 29 room, practise ftrict abftinence, and By this method, colds, and the fevers This little work is written with great knowledge of the fubject, with a minute attention to all its circumstances, with a benevolent folicitude for the ease and health of mankind, with a precision that may inftruct the practitioner, and a perspicuity that will render it useful and entertaining to all who are fufficiently acquainted withthe technical terms of phyfic and a natomy, which, in a work of this kind, it is imposible to avoid. It is alfo remarkable, for a delicacy extremely difficult to be preferved, and therefore very rarely found in medical treaties. It would, however, be injurious to close this article, without adding, that it appears by a cafe which Mr Chandler has related of one of his own patients in a note, that we owe the knowledge of the true nature and cure of the putrid fore throat, concerning which Dr Fothergill published a treatife in the year 1748, to the learned and ingenious Dr Leatherland, who had made the discovery nine years before, on occafion of the death of the two fons of the late Rt Hon. Henry Pelham. G. Solyman and Almena. By John Langhorne, moft foothing felf-adulation, whether E publications of Mr Langhorne to public notice, it is fuficient to our purpofe, that our warm applaufe hath been echoed by the general voice, and our endeavours to cherish rifing genius, and animate the coy mufe to farther exertions, fuccefsful. The little story before us is affecting and moral; it is embellished with beautiful images, hints of tafte, and juft reflections upon human nature, and the wife difpenfations of providence. If the figures are not fo bold as thofe we ufually fee in modern imitations of the eastern ftyle, they are at least as natural; and it is obvious from the concluding benediction, that the author has restrained his fancy throughout the preceding narra tive. "In a pleafant valley of Mefopotamia, on the banks of the Irwan, lived Solyman, the fon of Ardavan the fage. He was early intructed in all the learning of the east; but as his understanding opened, he grew weary of the labours of stu. dy, and thirsted only for the knowledge of mankind. With much importunity he prevailed on his father to permit him to travel; and the aged parent, after laying before him the dangers to which his virtue was expofed, intimated his confent in thefe words: "My fon, if you are determined to travel, let your ear attend to the inftruction of age. Move not one step from the valley of Irwan, if your heart rely not on the eternal providence it is that confidence alone which must fupport you under all the poffible contingencies of diftrefs.- May that immortal being whofe eye is over all his creatures, fave thee from folly and from vice! may his hand direct thee in the hour of negligence, and his fpirit guide thee through the maze of error! When thy mind fhall be enriched with the knowledge of his works, may he reftore thee, more virtuous, to the valley of Irwan, to the arms of thy aged father! and may he forgive this tear, which proceeds not from a diftruft of his providence, but falls for the lofs of Solyman." The morning was fpread upon the mountains when Solyman departed; and after various adventures he reached Dehli, the capital of the Mogul's dominions. Here he infenfibly contracted a paffion for the beauteous Almena; who returned it with reciprocal affection; confented to a perpetual union of hearts, and occafioned Solyman to lay afide the further purfuit of knowledge, and refolve upon returning to Irwan, to pafs the remainder of his life in the fweets of connubial blifs. For the greater conveniency it was agreed they fhould take their paffage by fea: the lovers accordingly proceeded to the coaft, where they went on board a Perfian veffel, bound for the gulf. They had not proceeded above five leagues from the fhore, when they were purfued, and, after a bloody engagement, taken by a fhip belonging to the King of Sundah, who at that time was at war with the King of Kanara. They difmiffed the veffel and Solyman, but they took Almena. What heart does not bleed, what eye does not shed a tear for the wretched Solyman? Prayers and tears, and agony, and anguish, were in vain. The lover faw his dear, trembling, fainting maid, dragged by the hands of the unfeeling failors into their own fhip, after they had bound him to prevent the effects of his rage. "I ask not for your mercy," (cried the wretched youth), only take me into your veffel along with that lady, and prepare your tortures, your racks, and wheels; for me prepare them, and let me perith before these eyes lofe fight of Almena!" The hip having lost her freight, returned to the coast of India, and Soly. man went immediately in queft of Alme na. Though almost exhaufted with fatigue and forrow, he travelled night and day until he reached the kingdom of Sundah. But alas! what could he do on his arrival? Stranger as he was to the people, and in a great measure to the language, he had as much to hope from chance as from application; but his reliance upon Providence kept him from finking into despair. "Immortal Mithra! (faid the afflicted youth), “thou beholdest me oppressed with mifery: but thy beams ftill thine upon me; and while I enjoy thy light, I will hope for thy favour." Thus comforting himself, he still continued his fearch; and as he was walking one evening by the caftle of Sevafir, he difcovered through the iron palifadoes of the garden, by the glimmering of the moon, an image that glanced through his heart more fwiftly than the lightning fmites the traveller on the mountains of Hima. It was Almena herself; and in a burst of transport, he cried, "Almena! Solyman!" Struck at once with the voice, the name, and the figure of Solvinan, furprite overcame her, and fhe fell fenfelets upon the terras. Solyman, Jan. 1762. Solyman and Almena. Solyman, unable to enter the garden, in an agony of terror, cried out, "Save, fave my Almena!" at the faine time running round the walls in the utmost diftraction. His exclamations alarmed the guard, who immediately fecured him; though, from his cries and confufion, they concluded him to be mad, and made their report of him as fuch to the governor of the caftle, who ordered him to be immediately brought before him. Solyman, the moment he beheld the governor, fiercely cried out, "I conjure thee, if thou art a human being, let me inftantly fly to the relief of a lady in thy gardens." The governor was alarmed by an appearance of reafon in this request, and ordered him to be fecured, while he went himself into the gardens, to know if there was any foundation for it. There he found Almena fupporting herself against the wall, not having perfectly recovered either her strength or reafon. "Art thou, indeed, my Solyman" (said she): "it thou art my Solyman, fupport me in thy arms." In his arms he took her, and bore her to a pavilion, where he held her till her reafon returned. She turned her ⚫ eyes full upon him, and, with a look full of fear and horror, fhrunk from his embrace. He then foothed her grief, and folicited her favour: but the weeping beauty pleaded fo emphatically, and threw herfelf before him in fuch an agony of forrow, and fuch a pofture of fupplication, as would have moved any heart, in which vice had not extinguished every spark of humanity. However, Nagrakut (for that was the tyrant's name) was not affected. On the contrary, he told her, that Solyman had no indulgence to hope for, but what her compliance might procure him; and then withdrew, to enjoy the balm of fleep and refreshment, while the virtuous Solyman and Almena fuffered the most poignant affliction. When the morning appeared, Nagrakut went, at his usual hour, into the garden. Almena, who was ftill there, overcome by the weight of continued forrow, had funk into a tranfient flumber on a bench in the pavilion. Nagrakut approached, and ftood by her as the flumbered. There was a fight that might have excited tenderne fs in the breaft of a favage but it moved not the heart of Nagrakut, nor awakened any other paffon in him but that of a libidinous defire. In a dream, the waved her hand, and : 31 cried, with a voice of mournful tender- ror. Nagrakut yet felt no pity; but placing himself near her on the bench, inclosed She awoke; and, findher in his arms. ing herself in the embraces of the tyrant, fhrieked out with the most diftrefsful horHer cries pierced the cell where SoWith the united lyman was confined. ftrength of rage and terror, he burst the door of his prifon; and running through the apartments of the caftle with a dig ger in his hand, which he had fortunately fnatched up in the way, he flew to the garden. g Almena was ftill fhrieking and fruggling in the arms of Nagrakut, who endeavouring to footh her to his embraces, had not obferved the approach of Soly man. Villain," (faid Solyman), “remove thy execrable hands from the perfon of that lady, and employ them in the defence of thy own!" Nagrakut, who was the most abject coward, called aloud to his guards. Coward! flave!" (faid Solyman), "draw this inftant, or mv dagger fhall pierce thy heart." Nagra ut then fell at his feet; and begging for mercy, promifed him Almena and liberty. "This moment, then," (faid Solyman), "difmifs us from thy curfed prifon." No fooner had he uttered the le words, than the guards appeared. Nagrakut immediately beckoned to them to feize him: but Solyman, obferving his motion, haftily ran up to him, and plunged his dagger into his heart. The tyrant fell. No way of escape, however, was left for Solyman: he was inftantly feized by the foldiers, loaded with heavy chains, and fhut up, with Almena, in a strong apartment of the castle: with Almena he was thut up; for jealoufy now no longer parted them; and he was confidered as an accomplice in the murder of the governor. Not long after, a body of Kan rians entered the country, and reduced the castle of Sevafir, where the lovers were confined. Almena was prefented to the King, agreeable to the eastern custom; and Solyman having convinced the Kanarians that he had no connections with the King of Sundah, entered into the fervice of their prince, as the only means by which he could attempt the recovery E 2 fignified of Almena from this new bondage. He fignified to the officers of the court, that he had fome important intelligence to communicate to his Majefty: he gained admittance, and proftrating himself before the King, he thus expreffed himself: "Let the King of Kanara live! for his ear is open to the complaints of the unhappy, and he defpifeth no man for the mileries which chance hath brought upon him." "I am a man," (interpofed the King), "proceed." "It was my hand that put an end to the life of your enemy, the governor of Sevafir." "In that," replied the prince), you did me a fignal fervice: but let me know your motives; and I fhall be better able to judge of the action, as well as of my obligations to you for it." He then related the story of his love and misfortunes, how he had loft and found Almena, and plunged his dagger in the breast of the tyrant, who wanted to violate her honour; concluding with thefe words, O prince, I am still miferable. I have reafon to believe, that fome of your officers will detain that lady, as a prize taken in the castle of Sevafir." "No officer of mine," (replied the King), fhall be fuffered to detain her: let me know her name, and the fhall be immediately restored to you." "Her name," (faid Solyman)" is Almena." The King appeared disturbed. He knew that Almena was the lady whom he had felected among the captives; and he had the most tender affection for her. In a few moments he withdrew, and commanded Solyman to attend him the following day. Distracted by contending paffions, urged on the one hand by the most powerful love for Almena, and diffuaded on the other by pity for Solyman, by truth and humanity, he reafoned with himself, and virtue at last triumphed over pallion. The hour came at which he had ordered Solyman to attend him. The King received him with a condescending fimile; and without the leaft appearance of uneafinefs or diffatisfaction in his countenance, defired him not to be apprehenfive about Almena, for that he fhould fhortly be put in poffeflion of her. Having thus fpoken, he went immediately to her apartment, and gently taking her hand, "Most beautiful of the daughters of India," (faid he), cease your forrows! I am not now come to offer you my love; but to recommend to you another lover, who poflibly may be happier in your favour than I could ever hope to be: he is now in the palace and if you will give me leave, I will in troduce him to you." "My heart" (fai Almena) "has been fo much accustomed to new diftreffes, that it is not now fhocked by their frequency: but if you have any pity for me, fuffer me to be wai my miferies in folitude. Not to be inter rupted in my forrows, is all I ak; and that is not, furely, too much for you to grant." The King anfwered with a fimile If I am not to be happy in your love. I am determined that none but the perfon whom I am about to introduce to you, fhall be fo;" and haftily quitting the apartment, he returned with Solyman. The lovers flew to each other's arms "My Solyman !" "My Almena!" In a few moments being recollected, they threw themselves at the feet of the King and Solyman, as well as the transports of his heart would give him leave, expreffec his gratitude: "Generous prince," (faid he), "the thanks of Solyman are not worth your acceptance. But you will not be without a reward: yours fhall be the fupreme pleasure of conscious goodnefs; yours fhall be the care of the Eternal Providence, and the prayers and bless ings of Solyman and Almena." Having thus furmounted adverfity, and obtained their most ardent, wilhes, they fet out by land to vifit the venerable Ardavan, and the valley of Irwan: where they arrived without any untoward accident, or interruption to their felicity. The benevolent fage rejoiced to receive his fon, not only fafe from the dangers of travel, but happy in the enjoyment of his love; and with a heart full of tendernefs, he thus conferred on both his pater, nal benediction: "Children of the heart, and comfort of the years of Ardavan! Solyman fhal be as the fun, when he cometh from the chambers of the East, when he spreadet! his glories over the waves of Ganges my four fhall be as the Euphrates, the ri ver of plenty, whofe waves are the de light of a thousand meadows; he fhall be like the roe upon the mountains, tha danceth in the vigour of his heart, and faith to the fence of the hutbandman What art thou? His head fhall be crowned with the rays of Mithra, be caufe his heart melted with compation and because his hand was ftretched fort to relieve the children of affliction ! Almena is fairer than the women of the aft; he is more virtuous than the daugh Jan. 1762. The life and opinions of Triftram Shandy. ters of men: love dwelleth in her heart, and benevolence fitteth in her eye. She fhall be like the tree that droppeth balm upon the flowers of Irwan; as the ftar of the evening reflected from the river. Her countenance fhall be pleasant as the calm furface of the ocean, when the gilded clouds of evening blaze upon its bofom: fhe fhall be as the moon, when the lendeth her rays to the traveller, and fheddeth a mild light over the groves and valleys. Her voice fhall be as the voice of the turtle, calling to her mate in the thickets of the foreft. Like the stars that furround the chariot of the moon, fhall be the children of Almena; beautiful as the plants of the cedar, and fprightly as the fawns upon the mountains." Thus blefed by the voice of Ardavan, and happy in themselves, the virtuous Solyman and Almena live in the valley of Irwan! Each day is endeared by the delights of tender love; and ever grateful for the divine favours, they close each day with prayer and praise." Through the narrative are diffeminated feveral odes and hymns, which breathe the true spirit of lyric poetry, and evince the piety and benevolence of the author's difpofition. C. The life and opinions of Tristram Shandy, ket and De Hondt. THE authors of the Monthy Review being determined never to lofe fight of truth and candour, are neither to be mifled by favour, nor irritated by reproach; neither perverted by prejudice, nor borne down with the current of popular opinion. The books that come under their cognifance will be confidered with the fame impartiality, whether the authors be their friends or foes, in plain cloaths or prunella, in power or in prifon. They would willingly, indeed, have their cenfure fall upon books only, without any regard to their authors; but it is certain that a man may be immoral in his writings as well as in his actions, and in that relpect he will always be liable to the cenfure of those who confider themselves not only as judges in the republic of letters, but as members of fociety, and the fervants of their country. Upon thefe confiderations, in reviewing the works of the learned, we are not only to obferve their literary excellencies or defects, not merely to point out their faults or beauties, but to confider their 33 moral tendency; and this more particularly, as it is of greater confequence to fociety that the heart be mended, than that the mind be entertained. Decency is the handmaid of Virtue, and the votaries of the mistress never infult the servant. Purity of heart always produces purity of manners; and not only the Chriftian fyftem has injoined the latter, as being the vifible effect of the former, but it has been pleaded for by the wife of every age, and of every fect. Had we not than a right to complain, if a perfon, by profeffion obliged to dif countenance indecency, and expressly com manded by thofe pure and divine doctrines he teaches, to avoid it; ought we not to have cenfured fuch a one, if he introduced obfcenity as wit, and encouraged the depravity of young and unfledged vice, by libidinous ideas and indecent allufions? [xxiii. 141.] In reviewing the life and opinions of Triftram Shandy, we have hitherto had occafion to lament, that while the author was exerting his talents to maintain the humour and confiftency of his characters, he himself was fo much out of character and we could wish fincerely that we had now no farther reason for complaints of that kind. ; The fifth and fixth volumes of this work, indeed, are not so much interlarded with obscenity as the former; yet they are not without their stars and dafhes, their hints and whiskers: but, in point of true humour, they are much fuperior to the third and fourth, if not to the first and fecond. Some of the characters too are placed in a new light, and the rest are humorously fupported. Uncle Toby is a confiderable gainer by this continuation of his nephew's life and opinions. M From Mr Hume's Political Difcourses. Difcourfe III. Of MONEY. [The fecond article of the Scots affairs [54] will show the propriety of inferting this discourse.] Money is not, properly fpeaking, one of the fubjects of commerce; but only the inftrument which men have agreed upon to facilitate the exchange of one commodity for another. It is none of the wheels of trade: it is the oil which renders the motion of the wheels more smooth and eafy. If we confider any one kingdom by itself, it is evident, that the greater or lefs plenty of money is of no confequence; fince the prices of commodities are always proportioned to the plenty of |