but the partiality which his miniftry has fhewn for the English, defiring to defend their neutrality in the courfe of the prefent war, would make his Moft Chriftian Majefty fear, with reason, that the mediation of his Moft Faithful Majefty would not be favourable to him; and the Catholic King would act contrary to his own decorum, if he fhould, on his fide, admit it, when he calls to mind the conduct of the court of Lisbon, on the King's offers to accommodate the differences with the court of Rome, without having been able to obtain from Portugal any mark of confidence, or defire of reconciliation with the Holy See, (an incredible thing), except the fingle anfwer, That hitherto God had not granted the favourable moment for reconciliation. That their Catholic and Most Christian Majefties thoroughly believe his Moft Faithful Majefty's averfion to war, and his conftant difpofitions for peace: Their enemies alfo know them, fo as to make advantage of them. That the defenfive alliances with the court of London, which his Moft Faithful Majefty fets forth to fhew the impoffibility of his accepting the offenfive and defenfive league proposed to him, cannot be any obstacle to him; that the reasons given on this fubject are not founded; and that those fame alliances are not fo innocent as they would have them thought. They are not an obftacle; because there is no alliance which is obligatory, when the question is, to fhake off a yoke which one nation would lay on another; and this is the project, already far ad vanced, of England on Portugal. They are not founded; becaufe, not withstanding it is aflured, that the crown of Portugal has not received any offence from England, to induce her to a breach of treaties, the contrary is clearly manifefted; for what ftronger offence than that of attacking a French fquadron in one of the ports of Portugal [xxi. 486.]? This fingle infult is fufficient to give his Moft Faithful Majefty a right to declare war against his Britannic Majefty, if he has not given a fuitable fatisfaction for it; and if he has done it, without, at the fame time, obtaining reftitution of his Molt Chriftian Majefty's fhips, the Moft Chriftian King has a right to declare war against his Moft Faithful Majeliv. Thefe alliances are not fo inrocent, though they are called purely defenfive; because they become in reality offenfive, from the fituation of the Portuguese dominions, and from the nature of the English power. The Englifh fquadrons cannot keep the fea in all feasons, or cruise on the principal coafts for cutting off the French and Spanish navigation, without the ports and the affiftance of Portugal. These iflanders would not infult all maritime Europe, they would let others enjoy their poffeffions, and their commerce, if all the riches of Portugal did not pafs into their hands; confequently Portugal furnishes them with the means to make war; and their alliance with the faid court is offenfive; and if not, it is afked, By what reason England fhould be obliged to fend troops to the affiftance of Portugal, and not Portugal to the allistance of England, if it is not, because England finds a compensation in the indirect atlistance of Portugal, by means whereof the makes war against Spain and France? The faid alliances were made in the beginning of this century, when there were animofities and oppofitions, loccafioned by the preceding poffeffion of Spain, and for as long as they might laft: thofe animofities, however, are now ended, and two brothers are poffeffors of Spain and Portugal; fhall it then be allowed between two brothers, for the one to furnish arms to the enemy of the other? Neceflity might, then, have authorised the King of Portugal to adopt an alliance contrary to his true fyftem, and to his decorum: now he ought to be glad of the neceflity which others lay upon him, to make use of his reafon, in order to take the road of his glory and common intereft. 1 That if the Moft Faithful King loves his fubjects as a father, and if he ought to preferve them as king, their Catholic and Moft Chriftian Majesties not only approve it, but they imitate it, by pi tying their fubjects for fo many calamities: however, their Majesties are not blameable for thofe they fuffer by war, no more than his Moft Faithful Majefty will be, when he enters into it, with fo much juftice as the prefent: he ought, on the contrary, to hope, by the atlistance of God, and of his good allies, for new fplendor to his crown, and the greateft advantages to his fubjects: they will then enjoy a ftrong and folid fyftem, as well in peace as war; whereas by that of an union with the English, the rif and April 1762. Memorials, France and Spain, against Portugal. and uncertainty of the affiftance of G. Britain to defend them against Spain, may be now seen by the very precautions taken by Portugal; even fuppofing, with reafon, that the kingdom of Portugal ought not to be indifferent to the Englith; and that they ought to be offended with the proceedings of Spain. That their Moft Christian and Catholic Majesties do not complain of his Moft Faithful Majefty's caufing his places to be repaired and garrifoned, his ports to be guarded by hips of war, and his troops to approach the places where they might be neceffary; these are precautions of a wife and prudent prince: their Majefties might, however, complain of the preference given to England, to fend fuccours to Portugal, for the object of thofe fame precautions; to keep at Lisbon an English general, feveral aids-de-camp, and other officers; fince it is not possible but that they will concert military projects, according to the folicitations of the -Portuguese minifter at London, which are public, and which the English them felves do not conceal. But as his Most Faithful Majefty is ftill in time to embrace the moft juft party, the two monarchs of France and Spain flatter themfelves, that the preparations of the King of Portugal may acquire an ally; being well affured, that they will give him but little umbrage, and, on the contrary, that they will produce much advantage to him. If the English had been convinced, that the preparations were only against the offenders of the neutrality, they would not have contributed thereto with fuch good-will, fince they would have furnished arms against themfelves. That his Catholic Majefty is fenfible of the good-will and tenderness which bis Moft Faithful Majefty has fhewn for him fince his acceflion to the throne of Spain, and particularly of the readiness with which his Most Faithful Majesty complied with the annulling the treaty of limits in Peru, by that of the 12th of February 1761, in order to avoid the confequences which might refult from the bad conduct of the officers and governors to whom the execution of that treaty. had been intrufted however, the friendship and complaifance of his Catholic Majefty was not lefs remarkable, when he himself propofed that expedient, without thinking of others which he might have made ufe of. What he did lien, and what he now propofcs, by a 213 greement with the Moft Chriftian King, Finally, The ambaffador of Spain, and DON JOSEPH TORRERO. DON Lewis da Cunha, secretary of ftate of his Most Faithful Majefty, having laid before the King, the memorial which his Excellency M. Torrero, ambassador of the Catholic King, and M. O Dun, minifter-plenipotentiary of France, remitted to him the rft of this month; infifting upon all the demands which they had made in their first memorial, of the 16th of March laft, notwithstanding the reafons given on the part of the King, by the memorial in anfwer, of the 20th of the faid month; and declaring further, That, without any other reprefentation, and even without the confent of his Moft Faithful 1 Faithful Majefty, the Spanish troops, already upon the frontiers, fhould enter into Portugal, to feize his ports, and to fhut them up; and that there only remained to his Moft Faithful Majefty, the choice of receiving them as friends, or of treating them as enemies; the King has ordered his fecretary of state to anfwer, That his Moft Faithful Majefty (notwithstanding a declaration fo furprising and unexpected) perfifts in the fentiments which he has always at heart, of complying with the wishes of their Catholic and Moft Christian Majefties; nevertheless he cannot perfuade himself, that it is in his power to break the defenfive treaties which he has with G. Britain, without that court's having given him motives fo ftrong, and of fuch immediate intereft to Portugal, as to oblige him to undertake a war, and to make the people whom his Majesty ought to preferve, endure the calamities of this fcourge. That he can no more perfuade himself that the faid treaties, which fubfift, for fo many years paft, between Portugal and G. Britain, are offenfive, as is infinuated in this last memorial, on account of the commerce which Portugal allows to the English fubjects; on the contrary, this reafon, and the others alledged there in, are the bafis and the spirit of all defenfive treaties; it being generally known to all the world, that these fort of treaties confift of engagements between the powers to enable them the better to defend and maintain themselves, by the fuccours which one receives from the other, either in troops, or money, or in fomething elfe which may be of advantage to them; and this is the cafe of the treaties of league and commerce between Portugal and G. Britain, and it is what the law of God, of Nature, and of Nations, and the univerfal practice of all nations, have always deemed innocent, without there ever having been any power, who would undertake to force others to break these fame treaties, because they find their intereft in it, and would prefer the fame private and particular intereft to the common and universal one of the public tranquillity of neutral powers; to attack them, and invade their dominions; especially among monarchs fo religious as their Catholic and Moft Chriftian Majeities. That the unbounded confidence, which his Moft Faithful Majefty has always had in the ties of blood, the friendfhip, and the good neighbourhood which he has always cultivated with his Catholic Majefty, cannot be better proved, than by the filence and tranquillity with which the King has feen, for a long time paft, his frontiers almoft blocked up and infested, the commerce of corn prohibited, the Spanish magazines upon the faid frontiers filled with all forts of military ftores, and the places fwarming with troops, without his Moft Faithful Majesty's having given the leaft order to his ambaffador at Madrid to know the object of these preparations. That after having acted with fuch fincerity, tranquillity, and good faith, at the time only when his Moft Faithful Majefty faw that it was neceffary for him to liften to the clamours of his subjects, and to preferve his royal decorum from the univerfal cenfure of all Europe, which had spread even into every public newspaper; and at the fame time that it was known to all the world, that the kingdom of Portugal was in want of experienced officers; his Moft Faithful Majesty invited over Lord Tyrawly; he alfo took fome English officers, and of other nations, to exercife his troops; as has been con ftantly practifed in this kingdom, and as their Catholic and Moft Christian Majefties, and all fovereigns in general, practile alfo, without there arifing any fufpicion or diftruft from fuch a proceeding. That his Moft Faithful Majesty, passing over in filence the reproaches against individuals, who only execute the orders of their mafters, to give an answer upon the affair of Monf. de la Clue's fquadron, must neceffarily call to mind, that having received from the King of G. Britain, the moft obliging reparation for what concerns the rights of the territory, and of the port, near which the French veffels were taken; and having, by repeated folicitations, demanded restitution of thofe fhips, as he has affured the Moft Chriftian King; his Moft Faithful Majefty thinks, that it is more natural to obtain the reftitution of the faid fhips, from the friendship of his Britannic Majefty, at a convenient opportunity, than to undertake it by the means of a precipitate war, which might perhaps render the faid reftitution impracticable. That his Moft Faithful Majefty hopes, that the folidity of these reasons will make upon the minds of their Cotholic and Moft Chriftian Majefties an imprellion worthy of their religion, and of their humanity; and ers April 1762. Affairs in Spain and the West Indies. and that they will perceive the crying injuftice of purfuing against Portugal the war kindled against G. Britain; that they will give an example that would produce the deftruction of mankind, if neutral powers were to be attacked, becaufe they have defenfive treaties with the bellige rent powers; that a maxim fo deftructive would occafion defolation in all Europe, the moment a war was kindled between two nations; and that his Molt Faithful Majefty, in thefe circumstances, could not recede from the neutrality which he adopts for his fyftem, without lofing, even with their Catholic and Most Christian Majefties, that good opinion which he prefers to every other interest. That, for thefe reafons, and in the unexpected cafe of the Spanish troops entering Portugal, (under any pretence whatever), not only without his Mot Faithful Majefty's permilion, but contrary to his exprefs declaration, made in the memorial of the 20th of March, and repeated by the prefent, making a declared and offenfive war againft him by this violent and unexpected invation: in fuch a cafe, his Most Faithful Majefty, no longer able, (without offending the laws of God, of 3 nature, and of nations, and without univerfal centure), to avoid doing his utmost for his own defence, has commanded his forces to hold themfelves in readiness, and to join with thofe of his allies, in fupport of his neutrality, which is the only and fingle object for which they fhall be employed. His Moft Faithful Majesty declares, finally, that it will affect him lefs, (though reduced to the laft extremity, of which the fupreme judge is the fole arbiter), to let the laft tile of his palace fall, and to fee his faithful fubjects fpill the last drop of their blood, than to facrifice, together with the honour of his crown, all that Portugal holds most dear, and to fubmit, by fuch extraordinary means, to become an unheard of example to all pacific powers, who will no longer be able to enjoy the benefit of neutrality, whenever a war fhall be kindled between other powers with which the former are connected by defenfive treaties. Palace of Alcantara, the 5th of April, 1762. DON LEWIS DA CUNHA. They write from Madrid, of April 14. That his Catholic Majefty had juft publifhed an ordinance, taking the imbargo Fall Britifh fhips that were in the ports of Spain before the 4th of January, the 215 date of the declaration of war by G. Britain; declaring all thofe which entered fince good prize; and ordering the produce of them to be placed in the royal cheft, to indemnify thofe of his Majesty's fubjects who have had their fhips taken by the British, or received any other damage, before the war. We fhall give the accounts of further operations in the WEST INDIES as in the London gazette. P. S. Whitehall, May 1. Extract of a letter from Maj.-Gen. Monckton to the Earl of Egremont. Dated at . St Peter's in the island of Martinico, ༣. Had the honour of writing to you the 27th of the laft mouth [159.],* and of tranfmitting to your Lord hip a copy of the capitulation of this ifland, by Capt. Ricaut, one of my aids-de-camp, who failed from hence the 1ft inftant, in his Majefty's thip the Zephyr. I have now the honour of acquainting you of the furrender of the island of Granada, with its dependencies, on the 5th inftant, to the fhips of war and troops, which the Admiral and I fent for its reduction, under Com. Swanton, and Brig. Gen. Walsh. The fame terms of capitulation were granted, as the citadel of Fort-Royal and this ifland had. Inclofed is a copy of Brig.-Gen. Walth's letter. By the account our engineers give of the fituation of the fort in this ifland, and the intrenched hills above it, the enemy might have defended it a long time, although their whole force confifted chiefly in inhabitants and freebooters. There were but a very small number of foldiers. As the island of Granada is now reduced, I have ordered Brig. Walsh from the Granades, leaving the 95th regiment there, to take pofletion of St Vincent's; and I am fending a detachment from hence to take poffeffion of St Lucia, where there is a fort, but none at St Vincent's.. I have now, my Lord, to acquaint you, that on the 8th inftant a French fleet appeared to windward of this fland off Trinity, and the fame evening fent a boat to the fhore, with an officer in it, to get intelligence. They did not land, but fpoke to a Frenchman, and fome negroes, that were at work in a field. They laid to, and stood to windward, until about one o'clock on the roth, when they flood before the wind, and came almost with in cannon-fhot of Trinity; infomuch that Maj. Gordon Graham, who commanded there with the second battallion of Royal Highlanders, thought they were going to land; but they changed their courfe, and ftood for the island of Dominique. The Admiral, immediately on receiving the ⚫ account of the enemy's fleet being to windward, got under fail, and went in fearch of the enemy; but was not lucky enough to meet with them. This, my Lord, will be delivered to you by Capt. Wood of the 98th regiment, whom I had appointed as an additional aid-de-camp, on being joined at Barbadoes by the troops from Belleifle. I fhould not do him the juftice due to his merit, did I not acquaint your Lordship that he is very deferving of his Majesty's favour. Copy of a letter from Brig.-Gen. Walsh to Ifle of Granade, March 6. 1762. I I arrived here the 3d inftant with the troops under my command; and according to your orders, and in conjunction with Com. Swanton, I sent Lt-Col. Scott the fame day on fhore, to fummon the Governor, with the troops and inhabitants, to furrender, and accept the favourable terms you were pleased to offer They had been fummoned by Com. Swanton to fubmit, before my arrival; but they declined it: however, upon being made fenfible of your clementy, and the risk they ran if they continued obftinate, the inhabitants thought proper to take the benefit of the capitulation, and accordingly figned it, the night before laft. them. They abandoned a very strong and advantageous poft commanding the fort, which the Governor, with the regulars and flibustiers, had determined to defend. I landed yesterday at day-break, with the grenadiers, light infantry, and 27th regiment, and got poffeffion of a favourable poft. The Governor finding himself abandoned by the inhabitants, and the communication with the country and every fupply cut off, fubmitted without firing a gun; fo that this valuable conqueft has not coft us a fingle man. A return of the artillery, which I am told will be near a hundred, with ammunition and warlike ftores, together with the number of troops and inhabitants on this ifland and the Granadillas, fhall be fent to you as foon as it is in my power to obtain them.-I am, &c. HUNT WALSH. Admiralty-office, May 1. By letters from Rear-Adm. Rodney, dated the 24th of March laft, at Antigua, there is an account, that the islands of St Lucia and Granada had furrendered to his Majesty's arms. ARTICLES of CAPITULATION of the island of MARTINICO. [160.] fhall be agreed upon for fifteen days; at the exPreliminary article. A fufpenfion of arms piration of which the following capitulation shall take place, if no fuccour arrives. Twentyfour hours will be allowed the General to accede to the terms offered, from the time Meff. de Bournan and De la louche fhall be fet on fhore at St Peter's; and, if accepted of, the troops of his Britannic Majefty shall be immediately put in poffef fion of fuch forts and pofts as his Britannic Majefty's general shall think fit to take. Art. I. All the forts and pofts of the island fhall be evacuated by the troops of his Moft Chriftian Majefty, whether regulars or militia, or independent companies of freebooters, or livery fervants: they shall march out with four field pieces, their arms, two rounds per man, their enfigns or colours flying, drums beating, and all the honours of war; after which the faid forts and posts fhall be occupied by the troops The troops and inof his Britannic Majefty.habitants fall march out of all their garrisons and pofts with their arms, drums beating, colours flying, and the troops to have four pieces of can non, with two rounds each, and two rounds per man; upon condition that the inhabitants afterwards lay down their arms; and that all the forts, garrisons, pofts and batteries of cannon or mortars, with all arms, ammunition, and implements of war, fhall be delivered up to proper perfans appointed by us to receive them. II. Transport-veffels fhall be provided, at the expence of his Britannic Majefty, fufficiently victualled, to carry to the Granades the abovementioned regular troops, and their officers, and commanders, with the four pieces of cannon, arms, baggage. and, in general, all the effects of the faid officers and troops.- Granted, 10 France only. III. M. Rouillé, governor of Martinico, the King's lieutenants of the faid ifland, the officers of the ftaff, engineers, and fub-engineers, fhall return to France, in the veffels and at the charge of bis Britannic Majefty- Granted. IV. There shall in like manner be provided, at |