Jan.1762. Difpute between the British and Dutch in the East Indies. 19

Nabob, by which we have engaged to affift him in obftructing by force the coming up of Dutch troops, the Dutch infift, That one European nation cannot be juftified in falling upon another, in an hoftile manner, by any alliance offenfive and defenfive with a native prince; becaufe this may terminate in the total ruin of all foreign fettlements; and, with refpect to England and Holland, is totally inconfiftent with treaties fubfifting between the two ftates, which exprefsly and particularly ftipulate, that neither company fhall do violence or wrong to the other; nor aid, counsel, or fuffer any fuch violence, under any fhow or pretext what foever. And it was in compliance with those treaties, that the Dutch, to their great lofs, refused to affift the late Nabob against the English; and the English then declared, that if they granted the Nabob fuch affiftance, it would be an infringement of thofe very treaties, and would be conftrued an open declaration of war. If it is true, therefore, that the Dutch company could not grant the Nabob atfistance against the Englith, it is allo true that the English could not give the Nabob allistance against the Dutch.

The Dutch also complain, That we have taken advantage of the dependence of the present Nabob upon us, to ingrofs the whole faltpetre-trade; which they infift we have no right to do; becaufe they, at great expence, procured from the Great Mogul a right to purchase this commodity, which therefore cannot be taken from them by a Nabob; and be cause the treaties between England and Holland ftipulate, that each fhall promote the other's mutual advantage."

To this we anfwer, That the Dutch company have admitted the Nabob's right of granting this trade exclufively, by a petition which they prefented to the late Nabob, for a grant of the faltpetre-trade, exclusively, to themfelves; and that the granting fuch privilege is no new thing, as the late Nabob actually granted it in 1756 to a native, one Choja Wazid.

The Dutch reply, That their petition was intended only to reprefent to the Nabob the prejudice which his grant to Choja Wazid would be to them, and to procure only the liberty, according to the ftanding custom, of making the neceffary purchases immediately of the faltpetre-boilers, without the intervention of cthers: nor was there one fingle word in that petition from which it could be in

ferred, that the Dutch had a defign to
ingrofs the trade, and exclude the Eng-
lifh. And as to the grant to Choja Wa-
zid, it was given in violation of the Mo-
gul's grants; and therefore, as it was
without authority, it cannot be made a
precedent.

They complain too, that we have ob-
ftructed them in the calico-trade, by fei-
zing all that is in the weavers hands, and
cutting the cloth out of the loom as foon
as it is finished; threatening the weavers,
that if they made cloth for any other,
especially for the Dutch, they fhould be
feverely punished; which threats, in fome
inftances, have been executed; and
though, upon complaints, they have been
promifed redress, the promise has never
been fulfilled.

Several other fubjects of complaint are added upon this occafion, of which no notice was before taken; particularly, the feizing a grab, called the Charlotte, by Adm. Pocock, in 1757, which, with its lading, was condemned, upon pretence. that the commander was a fubject of France, though the fhip was hired by fome of the company's fervants at Surat, who loaded her with cotton on their own private account, and was the property of one Benjaans, a merchant; the commander also, though a native of France, had been admitted as a freeman by the director and council of the Dutch company at Surat, and had taken the oaths of fidelity to the ftates and company.

The lofs of a small fhip called the Anne is also laid to our account; because our people prevented pilots from going off to her when in diftrefs, and fhe being obliged, by ftrefs of weather, to run up the Ganges, without affiftance, ftruck on the fecond bar, and was loft, with many of her hands.

The defence and countercharge of the Dutch concludes with this remarkable paragraph, which we have inferted without abridgement or alteration.

"To our defence, High and Mighty Lords, we are alfo indifpenfably obliged to add our humble fuit for the particular protection of your High Mightineffes, with the greater importunity and ardour, as on the redress of our above-mentioned grievances depends the fate of the fettlements and commerce of the Dutch company at many places in the Indies: for if the English Eat-India company, fupported by the King's fhips and troops, continue to have in their hands the power which for fome

time

1

time paft they have had there; while, on the one hand, this power in Bengal, and who can tell where elfe befides? is employed, in defiance, and in the avowed violation of the most folemn treaties and engagements, violently hindering the Dutch company from protecting their fettlements, and fecuring their commerce there; and, on the other hand, the fer vants of the faid company, under favour of that fuperiority, are enabled, to the entire exclufion of the Dutch company, wholly to ingrofs this and other capital branches of trade, and with a view to farther branches of commerce, to traverle and obftruct the trade of the Dutch company, by every unwarrantable and oppreffive means; then will, then muft, to our bitter regret, the fettlements of the Dutch company and their commerce very foon have a final period, not only in Bengal, but in other places befides"

-There is an appendix, containing vouchers to prove the principal facts alledged by the Dutch, as a defence against our charge, and in support of their own. Gent. Mag.

SIR,

Dec. 24. 1761.

Here are many things, that, if practifed,

But

finds in the fea-water of Brighthelmston, I do not fuppofe they are of use in either cafe. few, if any, waters are to be found without fome impurity; perhaps, the lefs the better, especially when taken inwardly; though, where the proportion is but fmall, and probably foon carried off, I cannot think that any harm is to be apprehended from it. The compofition I have mentioned is the only phyfic I take, and this I take but feldom. I need not, or rather I cannot, tell any one the proportion, or the quantity fuitable to his conftitution or occafion. Its ope ration is quicker than that of most medicines that I know for the purpofe; I think easier than any other. I do not recollect it ever to have occafioned the leaft griping; but if there be not a fufficient quantity to operate as a cathartic, it will be fomewhat teafing in the bowels till the whole force of it is spent invifibly in the air. My dofe is generally fomething less than half an ounce of falt to a pint of water. This answers my purpose: and though I do not by any means think it proper for an ordinary beverage, or at any time to be taken unneceffarily; yet, as an occafional cathartic, I recommend it to all degrees of people; to the rich for its innocency; and to the poor, as well for that as for the cheapnefs of it.

With regard to bathing in water artificially faline, I will only give one inftance of the fuccess of it, for one trial only has come within my

Twight be of public stility, and yet, I knowledge. In the fummer of 1758, I paffled

may be allowed the expreffion, though generally known, are scarcely thought on Of this kind I take that to be which I am going to mention, and therefore I do not prefume to offer it as a new discovery Dr Relham, in his short hiftory of Brighthelmfton in Suffex, fays," With regard to the fea-water of this place, it appears by experiments, that in the fummer-weather, tolerably dry, there are, in every pint of it, at Jeaft 5 drams and 15 grains of pure defecated falt; about 5 of bittern, or decomposed earth attracting humidity from the air, and 6 grains of a white calcarious earth." He adds, "l'his proportion of clean contents, being nearly a twenty-third of the whole, is as great, or per haps greater, than is to be found in the fea water of any other port in England, and must be owing to its peculiar diftance from rivers; it be. ing further from fuch, I apprehend, than any o ther in England."- By this analysis it is evident, that fea-water is no other than fresh water with the addition of a due proportion of falt: for as, the falt being extracted from the one, the remainder is fresh water; fo the other, by an infufion of falt, becomes falt water: and it cannot be difficult to make it fo in what degree we please. Five drams and fifteen grains I take to be an 8th and a 4th of an 8th (or 5 32d parts) more than half an ounce. Now, I do not fee why this compofition may not answer all the end of fea-water, whether by way of drinking or bathing: for as to the faces that the Doctor

a night at an inn in Leicestershire. My holt
was a cripple: his mouth was distorted: he fal
tered in his fpeech, and he had almost lost the
ufe of one fide He told me he had been para-
lytic fome years; and lamented much that his
business would not permit him at that time to
go from home, as he had received relief the two
preceding feafons from fea-bathing, and he feared
the feason would be too far advanced before he
could have leifure; but he said, if he lived to the
next, he was determined then to go. I told
him, that I thought nothing upon earth could
be to him of greater confequence than his health;
and that the feafon was whenever neceffity re-
quired; and I recommended to him to bathe
without delay in a veffel of brine, or falt
water, till he might conveniently go abroad. I
happened to be there again about eight months
after; when I found him upright, active, and
well. He told me, that after I had left him,
he did not delay to reflect, and to confult his
friends, even fome of the faculty, upon what I
had recommended; that it was judged not im-
plaufible; that he had frequently put it in prac
tice, nor yet difcontinued it: and he added, that
he believed I bad faved his life, as well as a cop-
fiderable fum to his family; not only, by the
faving of his life, but by the preventing of a
long and expenfive journey to an extravagant
place, and that perhaps too late for the prefer
vation of his life.- -I am, &c.
Land, Chron.
MEANWELL

A Catalogue of NEW BOOK S, the Prices and the Publishers Names annexed; with REMARKS and EXTRACTS.

We fometimes quote the works from which we take thefe Remarks, &c. by annexing M. for Monthly Review, C. for Critical Review, G. for Gentleman's Magazine, L. for London Magazine, B. for British Magazine, &c.]

Elements of Criticifm. 3 voll. 8°. [By Lord Kaims]. 15 s. Edinburgh, printed for A. Millar, London, and A. Kincaid & J. Bell, Edinburgh. This work is divided into twenty-five chapters; to which a dedicatory addrefs and an introduction are prefixed, and an appendix and an index are annexed. -To give an idea of it, we infert the addrefs, the introduction, and the contents, viz.

-

SIR,

To the KING.

THE fine arts have ever been encouraged by wife princes, not fingly for private amusement, but for their beneficial influence in fociety. By uniting different ranks in the fame elegant pleasures, they promote benevolence: by cherish ing love of order, they inforce fubmiffion to government: and by inspiring delicacy of feeling, they make regular government a double blefling.

Thefe confiderations embolden me to hope for your Majesty's patronage in behalf of the following work, which treats of the fine arts; and attempts to form a standard of tafte, by unfolding those principles that ought to govern the taste of every individual.

It is rare to find one born with fuch delicacy of feeling, as not to need inftruction it is equally rare to find one fo low in feeling, as not to be capable of inftruction. And yet, to refine our taste with respect to beauties of art or of nature, is fcarce endeavoured in any feminary of learning; a lamentable defect, confidering how early in life tafte is fufceptible of culture, and how difficult to reform it if unhappily perverted. To furnish mate rials for fupplying that defect, was an additional motive for the prefent undertaking.

To promote the fine arts in Britain, has become of greater importance than is geDerally imagined. Aflourishing commerce begets opulence; and opulence, inflaming eur appetite for pleasure, is commonly vented on luxury, and on every fenfual gratification: Selfishness rears its head; becomes fashionable; and infecting all ranks, extinguishes the amor patria, and every tpark of public fpirit. To prevent or to VOL. XXIV.

retard fuch fatal corruption, the genius of an Alfred cannot devife any means more efficacious, than venting opulence upon the fine arts. Riches fo employed, instead of encouraging vice, will excite both public and private virtue. Of this happy effect, ancient Greece furnishes one thining inftance: and why fhould we despair of another in Britain?

In the commencement of an aufpicious reign, and even in that early period of life when pleasure commonly is the fole purfuit, your Majefty has uniformly dif played to a delighted people, the noblest principles, ripened by early culture; and for that reason, you will be the more difpofed to favour every rational plan for advancing the art of training up youth. A. mong the many branches of education, that which tends to make deep impreffious of virtue, ought to be a fundamental measure in a well-regulated government for depravity of manners will render ineffectual the most falutary laws; and in the midst of opulence, what other means to prevent fuch depravity but early and virtuous difcipline? The British difcipline is fufceptible of great improvements; and if we can hope for them, it must be from a young and accomplished prince, eminently fenfible of their importance. To eftablish a complete fyftem of education, feems referved by Providence for a fovereign who commands the hearts of his fubjects. Succefs will crown the undertaking, and endear GEORGE THE THIRD to our latest pofterity.

The most elevated and moft refined pleafure of human nature, is enjoyed by a virtuous prince governing a virtuous people'; and that, by perfecting the great fyftem of education, your Majesty may very long Your Majesty's enjoy this pleasure, is the ardent wish of

Devoted Subject,
HENRY HOME.

INTRODUCTION.

THE five fenfes agree in the following

particular, that nothing external is perceived till it first make an impreflion upon the organ of fenfe; the impreflion, for example, made upon the hand by a ftone, upon the palate by sugar, and up

D

of