for the Scots Maqazın

CH-DERICKiliking or FRUSSIA.

ELECTOR of BRANDENBURG

SUPREME DUKE of SILE SIA. wc. ko. vc.
Born 24 January 1711-12.

THE

SCOTS MAGAZINE.

JANUARY,

CONTENTS.

HISTORY. A fummary or recapitulation of the New Books, with remarks and extracts. Lord

A fummary or recapitulation of the
OR the conveniency of fuch as
design to continue or commence
"our readers, it is proper to give
a fummary account of the state of
public affairs at the beginning of the year
now current, which will throw light upon
many future hiftorical facts, by bringing
the caules and occafions of them into a
'narrow View.' In order to this a little re-
"capitulation is necellary. We fhall begin
with the affairs of GERMANY, which not
only are very important to the feveral
members of that great body in a religious
or political fenie, but also are more or lefs
interesting to all the powers and states of
Europe.

As we have formerly obferved, the
VOL. XXIV.

French, commanded by Marshal Broglio, who on the 2d of January made themfelves masters of Duderstadt; but they were foon driven thence with lofs. 01 the 26th and 27th of that fame month, M. Broglio's troops attacked the line of the Allies on both ends, and gained some advantages, which were very differently reprefented. It is certain, however, that, by furprife, they took several hundreds of men prisoners.

them, and one of them having her resentment in that view heightened by the lofs of Silefia, that valuable duchy which fhe was obliged to cede to him in the last war. It is well known, that whatever the pretences of the French King were for entering into the grand confederacy, notwithstanding the inveterate hatred of his house against that of Auftria, and the advantages he had formerly reaped from having connections with the King of Pruffia, his real intention was, that he might have Pr. Ferdinand next became the aggref a colourable pretext for marching troops for in his turn. On the 11th of February, into Germany, and in confequence feizing the main body of his army put on march, the electorate of Hanover, belonging to in four columns, by way of Warburg, Liehis Britannic Majesty, the Pruflian mo- benau, Siefen, and Dringelbur,, towards narch's ally, and with whom the Moft Chri- Caflel. At the fame time there was a boftian King had drawn on a war in all the dy of 12 or 15,000 Prulians in Thuringia, different quarters of the globe. It could to co-operate with them. M. Brogio's hardly have been imagined but that fo ma- troops in Heffe every where retired, leany powers, leveral of them feparately fo ving fome finall garrifons behind them, beformidable, would jointly have been able fides the large ones in Caffel and Gottinto gain their ends in Germany within the gen. By this precipitate retreat they loft courle of a campaign or two. But it did most of their magazines, which were einot fo turn out in event. At the begin ther deftroyed by themselves, or feized by ning of last year, the French were in pof- the purfuers. By the 28th of that month fettion of Prullian Guelderland, the duchy the greater part of the Allies had advanof Cleves, and the county of Marcke, all ced fo far, that they were put into quarbelonging to his Pruflian Majefty on the ters of cantonment between the rivers Lower Rhine; of the landgraviate of Hefle, Schwalme and Ohme. About that time and county of Hanau, the domains of one M. Broglio fixed his headquarters within of his Britannic Majefty's allies; and a no great diftance of Francfort; and it was fmall part of the electorate of Hanover, neceflary for many of his harassed troops in which they had a garrison at Gottin- to go into the hofpitals. gen; while Prince Ferdinand of Brunfwick, who commanded the allied ariny oppoled to the French, had his troops partly in Hanover, partly in the bifhopricks of Paderborn and Munfter The King of Pruf. fia, baving early in the war gotten poffeflion of Saxony, ftill kept most of it last year; the other part being occupied by an Auftrian army, commanded by Marshal Daun, whole headquarters were at Drelden, the capital of that electorate. The Austrians under Marfhal Laudohn had been obliged again to leave almoft the whole of Silefia in the pofletion of his Prulian Majefty's troops, and retire to the county of Glatz and Bohemia. Mean while all the Ruffians, except a few, had by that time, as in former years, returned to the banks of the Viftula in Poland. The Swedes, as ufual, bad retired to Stralfund and its neighbourhood; and a small body of Pruffians had again taken poffeflion of the duchy of Mecklenburg, where they railed contributions and recruits.

The operations of last year, on the frontiers of Hanover, were begun by the

Pr. Ferdinand's principal aim feems to have been, to make himself master of Caffel; by which means he might have been enabled to make a stand till Gottingen alfo had been reduced. The fiege of the former place was accordingly begun, by Count La Lippe, the 1ft of March. Mean while quick progrefs in it could not be made, as it was neceflary to fpare the body of the city, being the capital of an allied power, and the works were defended by a garrison of seventeen battalions.

Immediately upon M. Broglio's beginning to give way before the Allies, he fent for reinforcements from the Lower Rhine, which marched with all expedition to join him. About the middle of March he put in motion to advance again on his fide. The army then under Pr. Ferdinand's command, was greatly weakened by the feparation of that employed in the fiege of Caffel, and befides was in a country exhaufted by both friends and foes. He was therefore obliged to fall back gradually, and relinquith all the places he had gotten poffeflion of. The army he

had

Jan. 1762:

A fummary of the public affairs in 1761.

Ahad before Caffel began to withdraw fron
- thence the 27th; and within a hort ti ne
7 after, his whole forces repaffed the Dy
mel. Leaving a line along the left of that,
I river, the rest went into quarters of can-
etonment on the frontiers of the bishoprick
of Paderborn; and M. Broglio, having
cantoned his troops in Heffe, returned to
L. Francfort. No fooner did the body of
Prufians fee, that the Allies would not be
| able to maintain the ground they had gain
ed. than they went back to their former
quarters. Thus ended this expedition,
planned with important views, attended
with vat fatiques to both fides, and pro-
sducing fome advantage to the Allies upon
the whole. The prifoners, indeed, made,
by the two contending armies, during the
course of it, were nearly equal; fo that
after an exchange, which foon took place,
they were almost all again at liberty. But
it cannot be otherwife fuppofed, than that
fo hafty marches and counter-marches, in
Germany, and at that season of the year,
would of themselves kill many more of the
French than of their antagonists. Befides
this, the Allies faid, that their enemies
loft magazines, taken or destroyed, to the
value of 7,000,000 florins. This, with a
fire that broke out at Wesel, on the Lower
Rhine, the 31st of April, and confumed
1,250,000 rations of hay, was probably
one of the reasons why the French gene-
rals were fo late in taking the field.

The court of Verfailles had given the ftrongest affurances to all her allies, that The would push on the war in Germany laft campaign with the greatest vigour. Yet the Prince de Soubife, who had received the command of the army on the Lower Rhine, did not move forward till the 12th of June; nor did M. Broglio leave Francfort till the 18th. This may indeed be faid for them, without taking the loss of their magazines into confideration, that they might think they had plenty of time for all the business to be done, agreeably to the vaunting of their friends in many places, that either of them had an army able to drive the whole Allies before it. Major Scheiter, of the hereditary Prince of Brunswick's corps, which was about Munfter, took the first opportunity of the Prince de Soubife's being at fome diftance, to cross the Rhine, with a few horfe, and, in the duchy of Cleve and its neighbourhood, to destroy feveral large magazines, with a good many boats and Waggons carrying provifions. Pr. Ferdiand put in motion from Paderborn the

21t, and made several attempts to bring
Pr. Soubife to a battle, before his colleague
general could come up to co-operate with
him; but found it impraticable. M. Bro-
glio, having paffed the Domel, made fome
prisoners, and took several cannon, at and
about Warburg. Upon his approach, Pr.
Ferdinand began a retreat the 3d of July,
which he continued, by very fhort march-
es, for feveral days; and then refolved to
make a stand. In the mean time his posts
on the Wefer fuddenly penetrated into
Helfe, took fome hundreds of men and
horfes, and made fuch havock among the
provifions going for M. Broglio's army, as
must have been fenholy felt.

The two French generals, having led
the armies under their respective com.
mands into one a 1other's neighbourhood,
without actually joining, refolved to make
an attack upon Pr. Ferdinand, incamped
near the village of Fellinghaufen, from
which the battle that enfued took its
name. It was begun by M. Broglio a-
bout fix o'clock in the evening of the 15th;
but he was repulfed, and the Prince de
Soubife did nothing. M Broglio renew-
ed it briskly next morning very early,
without fuccefs; and his colleague came
to little more than a diftant cannonade
with the right of the Allies. Notwith-
standing what had been previously given
out concerning the great itrength of both
the French armies, M. Broglio, in his ac-
count of the engagement, faid, that, foon
after feven that morning, he faw difpofi-
tions made to attack him with a force much
fuperior to his, upon which, and hearing
of certain incidents, he thought proper to
retreat. The whole lofs of the French,
in killed, wounded, and prisoners, was
differently computed from 5 to 8000 men,
and 9 pieces of cannon taken. According
to the return of the killed, wounded, and
prifoners, of the Allies, their lofs amount-
ed 1524 men, with 3 pieces of cannon.
M. Broglio alledged, that his misfortune
was owing to the Prince de Soubife's not
beginning the attack till it was too late
for him to continue it. On the other,
hand, Soubife fuggefted, that Broglio be-
gan his attack fooner than the time that
had been fixed between them, in hopes
of forcing the Allies without his affiftance;
and when he found that point loft, re-
treated, that another might not have the
honour of retrieving affairs.

That there was a thorough mifunderftanding between those two generals, might be easily feen: for notwithstanding

the

C