ity of Armagh, two for the county, and two for the borough of Charlemont. Its trade in linen is eftimated at L. 291,900 Sterling annually.

(2.) ARMAGH, a town of Ireland, which gives name to the county, (See N° 1.) feated near the river Kalin, about 30 miles S. of Londonderry, and 63 N. of Dublin. It is the fee of the primate of all Ireland, and is faid to have been founded by St Patrick in the fifth century. In 1142, it was conftituted an archbishopric, together with Dublin, Cafhel, and Tuam, by cardina Papyreo, with the confent of the king, dukes, bifhops, abbots, and states of Ireland. This Papyreo was fent into Ireland by Pope Eugenius, to reform the abuses that had crept into the church difcipline of that country. Armagh had anciently a famous monastery built by St Columbo, or Columbanus, about the year 61c. The cathedral was often burnt, but as often rebuilt and enlarged, and particularly by Patrick Scaniain, about 1262. His fucceffor Nicholas, son of Moliffa, befides books, rich ecclefiaftical veftments, and other things, beftowed on it an annual penfion of 20 merks; and he appropriated to his fee the manor of Dromyskin. He died in 1303. This town was firft fubjected to the English by John de Courcy; but afterwards entirely deftroyed by Tir Oen, or O'Neal, in Queen Elizabeth's time. It was recovered, rebuilt, and garrifoned by the English. The fee of Armagh, by an extent returned in the 15th of James I. is valued at L. 400 Sterling per annum, and pays fo much first fruits to this day. It is reputed to be worth annually L. 8coo. The chapter of Armagh is compofed of five dignitaries and four prebendaries, who have voices in every capitular act. The dignitaries are thus ranked, viz. a dean, chanter, chancellor, treasurer, and arch-deacon. There are alfo eight vicars choral, and an organift, attendant on the fervice of the cathedral. The vicars choral were anciently few er; and of the number only one prieft. Primate Marth added another prieft, but without increafing the number of vicars. In the year 1720, Primate Lindlay obtained a new charter for enlarging the number of the faid vicars to eight, and laid out upwards of L. 4000 on a purchase, in augmentation of the eftate of the choir.

ARMAGHBREGAH, a village of Ireland in the county of Meath.

ARMAGNAC, a ci-devant province of Guienne in France, 55 miles in length and 40 in breadth; Auch was the capital town. It now forms part of the department of Gers. It is fertile in corn and wine, and carries on a confiderable trade in brandy, wool, and bonchretien pears, which are excellent.

ARMA LIDERA, [free arms, Lat.] in ancient law, a fword and lance given to a fervant, when

he was made free.

ARMAMAK, a town of Portugal, in Beira. ARMAMAXI, [from arma, Lat. arms, and uaža, Gr. a carriage,] in antiquity, a kind of Scythian chariots or carriages, compofed of two wheels, varioufly adorned with crowns, fhields, breaft plates, and other spoils, carried in procefLion after the images of the gods and great men. (1.) * ARMAMENT. n. J. [armamentum, Lat.] VOL. II. PART II.

A force equipped for war; generally used of a na val force.

(2.) ARMAMENT is also used for a storehouse for arms.

* ARMAMENTARY. n. f. [armamentarium, Lat.] An armoury; a magazine or arfenal of warlike implements Dia.

ARMA MOLUTA, were sharp weapons: Fleta calls them arma emolita.

ARM MUTARE, i. e. to change arms, was a ceremony anciently ufed to confirm a league. * ARMAN. n. J. A confection for reftering appetite in horfes. Dia.

ARMANCON, a river of France, in Champagne. ARMANTHWAITE, the name of 3 vilages, viz. 1. in Cumberland, near the Eden, between Kirk-Ofwald and Corby-Caftle: 2. in ditto, adjoining Oufe-bridge, at the foot of Baflingthwaite water. It has a fine view of this beautiful lake; of the romantic hills of Withop on the right, and the lofty Skiddaw on the left; and the distant hills of Borrodaile and Kefwick terminate the prof. pect: 3. in Yorkshire, near Danby.

ARMA REVERSATA, inverted arms, was a pu nifhment when a man was convicted of felony. ARMARIUM UNGUENTUM, a fympathetic ointment, by which, in the days of credulity, wounds were believed to be cured, however dif tant the patient, by only ano nting the weapons!

ARMATIUM, in ancient phyfic, a defenfive kind of collyrium, of great value in removing afperites of the eye lids. Its chief ingredients were as uftum, gum ammoniac, and the roots of the tree thus. The preparation is defcribed by Galen, Actius, Paulus, and Scribonius.

(1.) ARMATURA, armour. See ARMATURE. (2.) ARMATURA, in the ancient military art, a kind of exercife, performed with mittive weapons, as darts, fpears, arrows, and the like. It was practifed with great diligence among the Romans: they had their campidoctores, on purpofe to inftruct the tyrones, or young foldiers in it. Under it were included the throwing of the fi car or javelin, fhooting with bows and arrows, &c.

(3.) ARMATURA, ufed perfonally, was an appellation given to the foldiers who were light armed; as well as thofe in the emperor's retinue. Of thefe we find two fchools, mentioned in the Notitia imperii, called the armaturæ feniores and armatura juniores. Their commander was entitled tribunus armaturarum.

* ARMATURE. n.ƒ [armatura, Lat.] 1. Armour; fomething to defend the body from hurt. -Others fhould be armed with hard fells; others with prickles; the refl that have no fuch armature, fhould be endued with great fwiftnefs and pernicity. Ray on the Creation. 2. Offentive weapons: lefs properly.-The double armature is a more deftructive engine than the tumultuary weapon. Decay of Piety.

ARMDALE, a village of Scotland, in the county of Sutherland, and parish of Far.

ARMDALE BAY, a bay on the coaft of the county of Sutherland in Scotland.

ARMEBOTH, a village of Cumberland, near

the river Thurlemyre and Legburth water.

(1) ARMED. adj. [in heraldry.] Is ufed in respect

Uuu

refpect of beafts and birds of prey, when their teeth, horns, feet, beak, talons, or tufks, are of a different colour from the reft; as, he bears a cock or a falcon armed, or. Chalmers.

(2.) ARMED, in the fea language. A erofs bar fhot is faid to be armed, when fome rope yarn or the like is rolled about the end of the iron bar, which runs through the fhot.

* ARMED CHAIR. n. f. [from armed and chair.] An elbow chair, or a chair with refts for the

arms.

ARMED KNIGHT, a rock at the Land's End in the county of Cornwall..

ARMED LOADSTONE. See ARM, N° 6. ARMED SHIP, a veffel occafionally taken into the service of the goverment in time of war, and employed to guard fome particular coaft, or attend on a fleet. She is therefore armed and equipped in all respects like a fhip of war, and commanded by an officer of the navy, who has the rank of a master and commander. All hips of this fort are upon the citablishment of the king's floops, having a lieutenant, master, puifer, furgeon, &c.

ARMENA, in botany, a name given by Pliny to a kind of wild afparagus; but the ancient Greeks have ufed the fame word to exprefs the young hoots of the common afparagus, at the time when they are eaten; and not only thefe, but the young fprouts of the cabbage, and of all other efculent plants.

ARMENE, or ARMINA, an ancient village of Paphlagonia. The inhabitants encompailed it with a wall, because of the coldnefs of the place, imagining by that means to render it warmer. But this proving ineffectual, gave rife to the proverb Armenen muro cingere, used to exprefs fome egregious folly.

(1.) ARMENIA, a country of Afia, anciently divided into Armenia Major and Minor. The origin of the name is not determined. The Greeks fuppofe it to be fo called from one ARMENUS, who attended Jafon in the Argonautic expedition, and afterwards fettled in this country. Others, tranfforming Armenia into Aramia, derive its name from Aram the son of Shem, or from one of the kings of Armenia bearing that name. Bochart imagines it 10 be a contraction or compound of Aar, a Hebrew word fignifying a "mountain," and Mini fignifying " metal," and which was the name of a province of Armenia mentioned by the prophet Jeremiah.

(2.) ARMENIA, ANCIENT HISTORY.OF. Armenia is faid to have been very early erected into a kingdom. Berofus makes one Sytha the firft founder of this monarchy, whofe fucceffor Bardanes, he fays, was driven out by Ninus king of Affyria. Plutarch mentions one Araxes king of Armenia, who in a war with the Perfians, being affured of fuccefs by an oracle, provided he facrificed his two daughters, caufed the two daughters of one Miefulcus, a nobleman of his court, to be facrificed in their stead, flattering himself that he thereby complied with the oracle. But Miefalcus did not fail to revenge the death of his own daughters, by putting the king's two daughters to death, and purfued himfelf fo clofely, that he was drowned in attempting to fwim across the Araxes,

which was formerly called Helmus. The Armerans were afterwards fubdued by the Medes, to whom Aftyages made them tributaries, but al lowed them to be governed by their own kings, On the diffolution of the Median empire by Crus, Armenia was reduced to the form of a province, and they were governed by Perfian p fects or lieutenants. On the deftru&tion of the Perfian empire by Alexander the Great, Armen fell into the hands of the Macedonians. Uper the death of that prince, it fell to Seleucus, a continued fubject to Syria, till the beginning of the reign of Antiochus the Great. This princ having appointed two prefects called Zadn and Artaxias to govern Armenia, they excited th people to revolt, and caufed themselves to be proclaimed kings of the provinces over which y prefided. Antiochus being then very young, the were attended with fuccefs beyond their expeds tion; which encouraged them to attempt the largement of their territories. Accordingly, ir e ding the neighbouring countries, they took fic the Medes the provinces of Cafpiana, Phauti and Baforopida; from the Iberians, Chorzena er Gogorena on the other fide of the Cyrus; for the Chalybes and Moffynæci, the provinces Pareneta and Herezena, which bordered on A menia Minor. On this occafion, the divifion the kingdom into Armenia Major and Minor fr took place. Artaxias became king of Armen Major, and Zadriades of Armenia Minor; this diftinétion fubfifts even at this day.

(3.) ARMENIA MAJOR, according to Strab was bounded on the S. by mount Taurus, what feparated it from Mefopotamia; on the E. by the two Medias; on the N. by Iberia and Alba or rather that part of mount Caucafus which rounds them both; and on the W. by Arme » Minor, on the mountains Paryadres, fome Pont. nations, and the Euphrates. The molt confide able cities were Artaxata, Tigranocerta, and Thedofiopolis.

(4.) ARMENIA MAJOR, ANCIENT HISTORY OF By whom Artaxias was fucceeded is not known. neither have we any account of the tranfiction. of his reign, farther than that Antiochus led a powerful army against him and Zadriades, but without being able to recover a fingle province Upon this he concluded a peace, defigning to t upon them at a proper opportunity; but th having entered into alliance with the Romans, y that means fecured themfelves in the poffeffion their kingdom. After this Artaxias was defeated and taken prifoner by Antiochus Epiphanes; bu was afterwards reftored to his kingdom. From this time we meet with a chaim in the Armenia hiftory for 70 years; during which all we kno is, that Tigranes, the king's fon, was deliveres up as an hoftage to the Parthians; from where it is plain, that the Armenians had been carry on an unfuccefsful war with that nation. On news of his father's death, however, the Parth ans fet the young king at liberty, having firit o bliged him to give up a confiderable part of kingdom by way of ranfom. Tigranes, being e reflored to his father's kingdom, was provided upon in the beginning of his rein toen risto alliance with Mithridates Eupator again the ko

Sariafter, took up arms againft him; but, by the affiftance of the Romans, that rebellion was foon after quelled. He died in the 85th year of his age; and was fucceeded by his fon Artuafdes, called by Jofephus, Artabazes, by Orofius, Artabanes, and by others, Artoadiftes. From this time, to the time of Trajan, Armenia was governed by its own kings; but as they were plainly vaffals to the Romans, though they did not take that title till the reign of the emperor Nero, their history falls to be confidered under that of the Romans By Trajan, the kingdom of Armenia Major was reduced to the form of a Roman province; but it foon recovered its liberty, and was again governed by its own kings in the reigns of Conftantine the Great, and his fucceffors, to whom the kings of Armenia were feudatories.

granes taken arms against his father, and obliged him to divide his troops. The father and fon coming to a pitched battle, the latter was defeated, and torced to fave himself in Parthia, where he perfuaded Phrahates, king of that country, to affift him with a numerous army against his father. Phrahates having laid fiege to Artaxata, Tigranes the elder was obliged to hide himfelf in the mountainous parts of his kingdom; upon which the king of Parthia returned home. Of this Tigranes the father being apprised, he immediately abandoned the faftnefles of the mountains; and, falling upon his fon at Artaxata, difperfed the rebels with great flaughter; and entered his metropolis in triumph. Tigranes the fon first fled to Mithridates; but finding him reduced to great ftraits, having been overcome a few days before, with the lofs of 40,000 men, by Pompey, he went over to the Romans, and led them into Armenia against his father as an ally of Mithridates. Tigranes, being now quite difpirited, and unable to make head against the Romans, refolved at once to fubmit. Accordingly he waited on Pompey in his camp, and having delivered his fword to two lictors, proftrated himself before him, and laid his diadem at his feet. Pompey, however, gave him a gracious reception, reitored him the kingdom of Armenia, but fined him of 6000 talents for making war on the Roman people without caufe. As the king had appealed to the Roman general, for juftice againft his fon, Pompey heard both parties the next day, and made the fon governor of Gordyene and Sophene; but the treafures that were kept in the latter, he adjudged to the father, because without them he could not pay the fine. The fon, being thus difappointed, endeavoured first to make his escape, and afterwards, by private messengers, folicited the inhabitants not to deliver up the treafures to his father. This being taken very much amifs by Pompey, he caufed him to be kept in irons; and even then he found means to ftir up Phrahates king of Parthia, whose daughter he had married, against the Romans, and to form a confpiracy againft his father's life; whereupon Pompey fent him in chains to Rome, where he was kept pri. foner in the houfe of L. Flavius a fenator, till the tribunefhip of P. Clodius, who, being bribed with a large fum of money, fet him at liberty in spite of Pompey and the senate. Tigranes, now thoroughly humbled, willingly yielded to the Romans, Cappadocia, Syria, Cilicia, and that part of Phoenice which he poffeffed, contenting himself with his paternal kingdom; and not only paid the fine laid upon him, but made large prefents to Pompey, and all the officers of his army, which procured him the title of the friend and ally of the Roman people. He afterwards entered into a war with Phrahates king of Parthia, by whom he was overcome, and would have been driven out of his kingdom, had not a peace been brought about by the mediation of Pompey. He ever after culti vated a ftrict friendship with the Romans; infomuch that he not only refused to receive Mithridates, who fled to him after he had been routed by Pompey near Mount Stella, but even offered a reward of 100 talents to any one that would put him to death. His fecond fon alfo, by name

(5.) ARMENIA MAJOR, MODERN HISTORY OF. In the reign of Juftin II. the Saracens fubdued Armenia, and held it till the irruption of the Turks who poffetied themselves of this kingdom, and gave it the name of Turcomania. The Turks, after the reduction of Armenia, invaded Perfia, and other countries fubject to the emperors of the eaft; which gave the Armenians an opportunity of fhaking off the Turkish yoke, and fetting up kings of their own, by whom they were governed till the country was again fubdued by Occadan, or, as fome ftyle him, Heccata, the fon of Cingis, and firft cham of the Tartars. Neither was the conqueft of Armenia by the Tartass fo abfolute as to extirpate the race of their kings; feeing we read of Haithon, furnamed the Armenian, reigning fome time after, and going in perfon to treat with Mungo, the great cham of Tartary, of the concerns of his kingdom; and in our chronicles we find mention made of Lec king of Armenia, who, in the reign of Richard II. came into England to fue for aid against the Turks, by whom he had been driven from his kingdom. In A. D. 1472, Uflan Caffanes king of Armenia, fucceeding to the crown of Perfia, made Armenia a province of that empire; in which state it continued till 1522, when it was fubdued by Selim II. and made a province of the Turkish empire. Some fay that Selim I. reduced it on his return from Perfia, where he had gained a complete victory over the great Sophi Ifmael. But Sanfovin aflures us, that in the reign of Selim I. who died in 1520, both the Lefler and Greater Armenia had their own kings; and adds that Selim caufed the head of the king of the lefer Armenia to be cut off and fent to Venice as a mark of his victory. We read no where else of any kings of Armenia after it be came a province of Perfia. Be that as it will, the Turkish annals cited by Calvifus inform us, that Selim II. conquered Armenia in 1522, ever fince which time it has continued fubject to the Turks, except the eastern part, which still belongs to the Perfians.

(6.) ARMENIA MINOR was bounded on the E. by the Euphrates; on the S. by mount Taurus, which feparates it from Cilicia; on the W. and N. by a long chain of mountains called in different places Mons Scordifus, Amanus, and Antitaurus, by which it was feparated from Cappadocia, Concerning Armenia Minor we find very little recordcd, except what has been already mentioned, and

what