PART THE FIRST.

INTRODUCTORY LESSONS.

TO HAVE, Avoir, ayant, eu.

J'ai ; j'avais ; j'eus; j'aurai ; j'aurais; que j'aie;

que j'eusse;

EXAMPLES.

[N.B. The Examples and Vocabularies must be learnt by heart before you translate the English sentences into French.]

We have friends. The Queen has fine troops. not have time enough. My father had a country house. Has she not had patience? I shall have letters to-day.

Had not your sister a red dress? Let him have some bread and meat. Have you not something to do? I have four letters to write. Have a little patience. He shall have his commission next week. Have you not money enough? I have no paper. Have not your brothers French books? You shall have a great many things to do. My cousin had many friends. We have had no news to-day. When shall I have my new coat? I would have more money. Would not the magistrate have more power? Let him have more patience. We never have any company to dinner. She has not any friends. I shall have more patience another time, (une autre fois.)

To BE, Etre, étant, été.

Je suis; j'étais; je fus; je serai; je serais;
que je sois; que je fusse ;-

We are rich.

She is generous.
Is she not happy?
Is not your house cold?

John is bolder than you.
Her hands are white.

How amiable she is!

To be cold.

To be warm.
To be hungry.
To be thirsty.
My hands are cold.
My feet are warm.
To be in the right.
To be in the wrong.
What o'clock is it?
It is five o'clock.

EXAMPLES.

-sois.

Nous sommes riches.
Elle est généreuse.
N'est-elle pas heureuse?
Votre maison n'est-elle pas
froide?

Jean est plus hardi
que vous.
Ses mains sont blanches-

elle a les mains blanches. Comme elle est aimable!

Avoir froid.
Avoir chaud.
Avoir faim.
Avoir soif.

J'ai froid aux mains.
J'ai chaud aux pieds.
Avoir raison.

Avoir tort.

Quelle heure est-il ?
Il est cinq heures.

It wants ten minutes to five. Il est cinq heures moins dix

Is it not twelve?
It is cold.

It is fine weather.

Is it not windy?
To be ten years.
How old is he?

He is not fifty years of age.

minutes.

N'est-il pas midi?

Il fait froid. (Seefaire, p.18.)
Il fait beau temps.

Ne fait-il pas du vent?
Avoir dix ans.

Quel age a-t-il ?

Il n'a pas cinquante ans.

Who

That house is large. You are not polite. Your brother was very active. You are not diligent enough. Let us be more attentive. She will be the richest person in the town. We shall be happy to see you. Are you not sorry to go? Are you cold? My father is not pleased with me. is the taller of the two? You are not quick enough. Her hands are cold. We were very hungry. I am always hungry after riding. Are you not thirsty? Let us be obliging to one another. He will not be victorious. I am much warmer now. How cold my feet are! The richer she is the less happy she is. Is she not taller than you? Yes, and she is older also by two years. We shall be ready to go at five o'clock. Is it not ten o'clock yet? It is past three. It is 45 minutes past four. It will soon be five o'clock. It wants 16 minutes to seven. It will be very cold to night. It is very warm to day. How cold it is this evening. How fine the weather is! It is very windy. How cold it has been to-day! She is not inclined to do her duty. Do be quiet. I shall be more pleased when you are more attenShe is not so well as she was. How old was your mother? Was she not seventy? She will be twenty next week. I was fifty last month.

tive.

To BE, expressing the future and obligation.

I am to see them this day.
Am I to pay him?

To BE, expressing that a I was to have dined with them.

Je dois les voir aujourd'hui.
Dois-je le payer?

thing was to have taken place.
Je devais diner avec eux.

What are we to do?

Are not to go to London? you They are all to go to the play. Are they not to come in? They are not to sit in her presence. at four o'clock. What am I to say? Are not the troops to embark to morrow?

We are to assemble
You are to be quiet.

We were to have seen you. He was to have sent me some fruit. What was the poor boy to do? Was I to resist them? We were to have gone in the country. Was I not to punish him? Where was he to go? They were not to speak of it. What is a poor man to do in a case like this?

OF AUXILIARY VERBS.

Avoir, étre.

I have spoken.
We have not seen.
Mary has never told a lie.
Is the queen come back?
Has your brother never de-
ceived?

Have not the troops ar-
rived?

J'ai parlé.
Nous n'avons pas vu.
Marie n'a jamais menti.
La reine est-elle revenue?
Votre frère n'a-t-il jamais
trompé ?

Les troupes ne sont-elles pas
arrivées?

We have eaten, (mangé.) Have you not forgotten? (pardonné.) Has he not returned? (revenu.) My brother has never deceived, (trompé.) Has not the queen pardoned? (pardonné.) They have all succeeded, (réussi.) The vessel has perished, (péri.) We have considered enough, (réfléchi.) Why have you not answered? (répondre.) Has not the servant waited? (attendu.) She has called, (appelé ;) but we have not heard, (entendu.) The soldiers have obeyed, (obéi.) Have not the poor been fed by the rich? (nourri.) Have you not slept well? (dormi.) I have not consented, (consenti.) The troops have much suffered in Russia, (souffert.) Was not the door open? (ouvert.) They have subscribed, (souscrit.) Had you not promised? (promis.)

Venir de (to have just.)

I have just arrived.
He has just dined.
We had just come in.

Je viens d'arriver.
Il vient de diner.
Nous venions d'entrer.

We had just began. My Have I not just proved that finished. The school has

The Queen has just passed. sister had just been married. it is true? The war had just just opened. My father has just returned from a tour in Germany. Has he not just told you that it is impossible? I have just paid him. He has just gone out.

I ought, should do.
I ought to, should have, done.
I ought to be rewarded.
Ought she not to answer?
Should not John answer?

We ought to have seen him.
We should have been quiet.

Ought not James to have
brought the newspaper?

Je devrais faire.
J'aurais dú faire.

Je devrais étre récompensé.
Ne devrait-elle pas répondre?
Jean ne devrait-il pas ré-
pondre?

Nous aurions dú le voir.
Nous aurions dú étre tran-
quilles.

Jacques n'aurait-il pas dú apporter le journal?

I

I ought to be in London at ten o'clock. You should be satisfied. Should he not be back? Mary should not speak of it. Should you not have written to your father? ought not to have gone out to day. He certainly ought not to think of it. You should not have stayed so long. Ought not the children to obey their parents? They should not tease him as they do. William ought to have brought back my umbrella. You ought to have warned me of it. Do you think that I ought to have accepted the invitation? You should make haste, if you wish to see her. Their troops ought to be better disciplined. There ought to be a dictionary on my bureau. There should not be any difference. Masters should not show partiality. You should have shown more application. Ought you not to have learned Italian? Jane should be more careful.