Art. 6th. There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territory, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted: Provided, always, That any person escaping into the same, from whom labor or service is lawfully claimed in any one of the original States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labor or service as aforesaid.

Done by the United States, in Congress assembled, the 13th day of July, in the year of our Lord 1787, and of their Sovereignty and independence the twelfth.

APPENDIX D

HOME RULE FOR CITIES

(A Clause in the Constitution of California)

SEC. 8. Any city containing a population of more than three thousand five hundred inhabitants may frame a charter for its own government, consistent with and subject to the Constitution and laws of this State, by causing a board of fifteen freeholders, who shall have been for at least five years qualified electors thereof, to be elected by the qualified voters of said city, at any general or special election, whose duty it shall be, within ninety days after such election, to prepare and propose a charter for such city, which shall be signed in duplicate by the members of such board, or a majority of them, and returned, one copy to the Mayor thereof, or other chief executive officer of such city, and the other to the Recorder of the county. Such proposed charter shall then be published in two daily newspapers of general circulation in such city, for at least twenty days, and the first publication shall be made within twenty days after the completion of the charter; provided, that in cities containing a population of not more than ten thousand inhabitants such proposed charter shall be published in one such daily newspaper; and within not less than thirty days after such publication it shall be submitted to the qualified electors of said city at a general or special election and if a majority of such qualified electors voting thereon shall ratify the same, it shall thereafter be submitted to the Legislature for its approval or rejection as a whole,

without power of alteration or amendment. Such approval may be made by concurrent resolution, and if approved by a majority vote of the members elected to each house it shall become the charter of such city, or if such city be consolidated with a county, then of such city and county, and shall become the organic law thereof, and supersede any existing charter, and all amendments thereof, and all laws inconsistent with such charter. A copy of such charter, certified by the Mayor or chief executive officer, and authenticated by the seal of such city, setting forth the submission of such charter to the electors, and its ratification by them, shall, after the approval of such charter by the Legislature, be made in duplicate, and deposited, one in the office of the Secretary of State, and the other, after being recorded in said Recorder's office, shall be deposited in the archives of the city, and thereafter all courts shall take judicial notice of said charter. The charter, so ratified, may be amended, at intervals of not less than two years, by proposals therefor, submitted by the legislative authority of the city to the qualified electors thereof, at a general or special election, held at least forty days after the publication of such proposals for twenty days in a daily newspaper of general circulation in such city, and ratified by a majority of the electors voting thereon, and approved by the Legislature as herein provided for the approval of the charter. Whenever fifteen per cent. of the qualified voters of the city shall petition the legislative authority thereof to submit any proposed amendment or amendments to said charter to the qualified voters thereof for approval, the legislative authority thereof must submit the same. In submitting any such charter, or amendments thereto, any alternative article or proposition may be presented for the choice of the voters, and may be voted on separately without prejudice to others.

APPENDIX E

A LAW FOR THE PREVENTION OF BRIBERY

(Laws of New York 1892, Chap. 693)

PENALTIES FOR BRIBE-GIVING

Any person who, with the intent to promote the election. of a person to an elective office:

1. Furnishes entertainment to the electors before or during an election or town meeting at which such person is a candidate; or

2. Pays for, procures or engages to pay for such entertainment; or

3. Furnishes money or other property or engages to compensate any person for procuring the attendance of voters at the polls of such election or town meeting; or

4. Contributes money for any other purpose than the printing or circulating of handbills, books and other papers previous to an election or town meeting or conveying poor or infirm electors to the polls, is guilty of misdemeanor. Any person, who directly or indirectly by himself or through any other person:

1. Pays, lends or contributes any money or other valuable consideration to or for any voter, or to or for any other person, to induce such voter to vote or refrain from voting at such election for any particular person or persons, or to induce such persons to come to the polls or to remain away from the polls at such election; or

2. Gives, offers or promises any office, place or employ

ment or promises to procure or endeavors to procure any office, place or employment to or for any voter or to or for any other person, in order to induce such voter to vote or refrain from voting at such election for any particular person

or persons; or

3. Makes any gift, loan, promise, offer, procurement or agreement, as aforesaid, to, for or with any person in order to induce any person to procure or endeavor to procure the election of any person or the vote of any voter at any election; or

4. Procures or engages, or promises or endeavors to procure, in consequence of any such gift, loan, offer, promise, procurement or agreement, the election of any person, or the vote of any voter at such election; or

5. Advances, pays or causes to be paid, any money or other valuable thing to or for the use of any other persons with the intent that the same or any part thereof, shall be used in bribery at any election, or knowingly pays, or causes to be paid any money or other valuable thing to any person in discharge or repayment of any money wholly or partly expended in bribery at any election,

Is guilty of an infamous crime, punishment by imprisonment for not less than three months nor more than one year, and in addition forfeits any office to which he may have been elected at the election with reference to which such offense was committed.

PENALTIES FOR BRIBE-TAKING

Any person who directly or indirectly, by himself or through any other person:

1. Receives, agrees, or contracts for, before or during an election, any money, gift, loan, or other valuable consideration, office, place, or employment for himself or any other persons, for voting or agreeing to vote, or for coming or agreeing to come to the polls, or for remaining away from the polls, or for refraining or agreeing to refrain