The research facilities established with the assistance of the Phoenix Project include the Alice Crocker Lloyd Radiation Therapy Unit at University Hospital (see Department of Radiology), which uses high-level radiation in the treatment of cancer; the Clinical Radioisotope Unit (see Department of Internal Medicine), which uses radioactive isotopes for both diagnosis and therapy; the Carbon-Dating Laboratory for establishing the age of artifacts; and the Thermonuclear Laboratory, to investigate the process of fusion as a potential source of controlled energy. These units operate independently of the Project, though occasional assistance is provided by Phoenix grants.

A total of 229 separate projects, originated by members of almost every school and college at the University, have been or are being sponsored by the Project. Grants are made in the physical, biological, social, and health sciences. Typical programs to which assistance has been given are the planning of the new University Cyclotron, the investigation of radiation. effects on lymphatic cells, the legal problems created by nuclear energy, and the use of isotopes in locating brain tumors.

In supporting faculty research, the Phoenix Project tries to use its funds to support programs during the initial stages, before money from foundations or government agencies becomes available, especially when the investigator is a young, unestablished scientist, or when the proposed research is in a new and untried area. Professor Donald Glaser's bubble chamber, for which he received the 1960 Nobel Prize in Physics, was developed with a series of Phoenix grants after outside support had been denied.

The Project has encouraged the development q new teaching and research areas at the Universit since its inception. The research facilities mentione above represented at the time of their establishmen an expansion in University teaching and research The Project has facilitated the establishment of the Department of Nuclear Engineering. The Project most recent endeavor of this sort was in 1961, wher it assisted in the establishment of a multidisciplinar graduate program in Radiation Biology.

Books as well as technical reports result from the research sponsored by the Phoenix Project. The Project publishes nontechnical reports on its work in a quarterly publication, Phoenix.

The Project's program of cooperation with indus trial research groups allows these groups to use the Ford Nuclear Reactor, a unique research facility in the State of Michigan. During the past year, sever industrial research groups purchased reactor time for experiments that ranged from radiation effects on space equipment to direct conversion of radiation

energy.

Under the auspices of the Project, now in its secon decade of operation, a large number of faculty mem bers representing many schools and colleges conduct significant research on nuclear energy and its appli cation. There are, however, still untapped possibili ties for research with and about nuclear energy. It is to help increase our knowledge, to continue to devise ways of using for constructive purposes what is stil our most awesome source of destructive power, that the Phoenix Project continues its privately sup ported research program.

THE FLINT COLLEGE of The University of Michigan was established in 1956. It is a senior college, offering third- and fourth-year college training in liberal arts and sciences, business administration, and teacher Education. The College is housed in the Mott Memorial Building, a gift of Mr. C. S. Mott. This building, and the Junior College buildings, are part of the Flint College and Cultural Center, which also includes a college library, a public library, an art cen¡er, a theater, and a planetarium.

Since the College offers only undergraduate instruction, research activities are confined primarily to the teaching faculty. Currently, four investigations are supported by outside funds. Work in progress consists of the following:

Business Administration: Decentralization of management in geographically separated industrial

units. Chemistry: Formation of a cancer-producing substance from some bromoamines; lipid composition of several thermophilic algae; temperature effects on the mechanism of isoxazole formation; photochromic behavior of some sydnones. Education: Secondary school teachers' perceptions of forces toward conformity; and retention of arithmetic learning in children of various abilities. English: A reinterpretation of the writings of Henry James. History: The historical role of women in American life; and the political career of James Brydges, first Duke of Chandos. Physics: Far-infrared spectroscopy. Political Science: The political party system in British Guiana; and political party activity in Jamaica and the Caribbean Federation. Zoology: The genus Diplocardia.

THE DEARBORN CENTER, a two-year senior college, is the most recently established of the University's schools and colleges. Its four new campus buildings are situated on a 210-acre site, formerly the estate of the late Henry Ford.

The Dearborn campus presently offers programs in business administration, in engineering, and in literature, science, and the arts. Students enrolled in business administration or engineering spend alternate semesters on the Dearborn campus and in compensated work assignments in business or industry. Students of literature, science, and the arts may elect a similar cooperative program. With but few exceptions, the Center has its own faculty. The principal research interests of the faculty are:

Business Administration: Analysis of capital expenditure decision, marketing problems in the automobile industry, production standards, and economic analysis of military procurement.

Engineering: Boundary-value problems of electromagnetic theory, elastic instability, various foundry

problems and techniques, testing of motor skill and motivation techniques on assembly-line type operations.

Literature, Science, and the Arts: BIOLOGY: Inorgan ions and sympathetic transmitter substances, and fect of polarizing and anesthetic substances on poter tials of whole nerve. CHEMISTRY: Molecular stru ture in fluorinated hydrocarbons, and derivatives of boron hydrides. ECONOMICS: Influence of value sy tems and premodern institutions on economic de velopment in Japan and Thailand. ENGLISH: Georg Chapman as parodist, William Butler Yeats and the English Romantic poets, and social and political con tent of Yeats' poems. HISTORY: Communist Cuba and contemporary problems in Latin America MATHEMATICS: Development of certain concepts and of specific elementary functions. PSYCHOLOGY: Effec of frustration on communication patterns, attitud changes as a function of peer influence, and personal ity factors affecting the behavior of various kinds d student groups.

HE RESEARCH UNITS whose activities are described elow are, for various reasons, not parts of schools or Colleges. The executive function of each unit is rested in a director. The over-all responsibility for stablishing each unit's policies is assigned to an inerdisciplinary board or committee made up of Uniersity administrative officers and members of the Jniversity Senate. These advisory bodies insure the coordination of the unit's work with the University's general educational objectives. The directors and

many of the key personnel hold appointments in both the research unit and in teaching departments. The integration of a unit's work with the University's teaching functions is further exemplified by the participation of graduate students in its research.

Included in this section are also the International Center, which, in addition to the social services it provides, has participated in research studies, and the University Library, which serves the faculty in their scholarly pursuits.

Institute for Social Research

The Institute for Social Research is composed of two centers: the Survey Research Center, which originated in 1939 as the Division of Program Surveys of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, and came to the University in 1946; and the Research Center for Group Dynamics, which had its beginnings at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1945, and came to Michigan two years later. The Survey Research Center is primarily concerned with the application of sample survey methods to a variety of psychological, sociological, economic, and political problems. The chief objective of the Research Center for Group Dynamics is to conduct basic research on group life and behavior.

Among the studies conducted by the Survey Research Center are a number of systematic, continuing programs devoted to significant aspects of our society that lend themselves to the analytic methods of the Center.

Rensis Likert, Director

The Economic Behavior Program produces analyses of cyclical trends in consumer motivation, based on periodic national surveys. Other research conducted in this program is exemplified by a survey of the distribution and redistribution of income in the United States, and a study of the economics of auto accidents resulting in personal injury.

The Political Behavior Program has collected data on mass electoral behavior and on problems related to political communication and influence resulting from interaction of primary and secondary group affiliation.

A five-year study by the Inter-Center Program on Children, Youth, and Family Life, aimed at reducing juvenile delinquency and at evaluating the most important factors in such a reduction, is now underway in Chicago.

Research in the Organizational Management Program recently resulted in a book, New Patterns of Management. Other studies in this program include a long-range investigation of the motivations and working relationships of scientists as related to their scientific performance.

The Industrial Mental Health Program is chiefly concerned with problems involving relationships between the work environment and various indications of mental health.

The Organizational Change Program investigates such matters as the impact on individuals and organizations resulting from introducing automation among office workers.

A new programmatic research area, established last year, is projected as a long-range study of student development.

A series of studies in progress at the Research Center for Group Dynamics is an attempt to isolate the conditions under which personal motives may sometimes facilitate or inhibit perception. Other studies include communication among group members, analysis of social power, the effects of group membership, and group performance.

Recent collaboration with other University units has involved the Schools of Education, Law, Business Administration, Social Work, and Public Health, the Departments of Economics, Psychology, and Sociology, the Institute of Public Administration, and the Mental Health Research Institute. In fact, many members of the Institute's staff hold appointments also in various teaching departments. Among outside agencies, the U. S. Public Health Service, the National Training Laboratories, the Scripps Foundation for Research in Population Problems, and the Oxford Institute of Statistics (London) have collaborated with the Institute.

Institute of Industrial Health

H. J. MAGNUSON, Divert

In 1951 the General Motors Corporation made a gen erous gift to the Michigan Memorial-Phoenix Pro ect for the establishment of an Institute of Industri Health. This Institute was to direct appropriate sources of the University's Medical Center to th health problems of industry. Within a few years the Institute proved to be a striking example of the ma tual interdependence of research and education. a result of the Institute's support of education activities in the School of Public Health, the Regent established, in 1957, the Department of Industria Health in that School and extended the appointmen of the Institute's Director to include the chairman ship of the Department.

Research in industrial health is directed at obtain ing both basic knowledge of the field and practica solutions to specific problems. Research studies in clude toxicity of materials used in industry, the de velopment of analytical methods utilizing advanced instrumentation, industrial skin problems, industrial noise and conservation of hearing, and vision as re lated to industrial tasks.

Some preliminary work has resulted in the develo ment of a device used to test individual sensitivity to excessively noisy working environments. Refine ments of the method are now being sought. Investig gations are also proceeding on effects of noise other than on the sense of hearing, such as disorientation and dizziness.

Studies have been undertaken to determine the ef fects of exposure to organic solvents on serum and on tissue enzyme systems. Such studies are of value in developing techniques for the early detection of toxi city and may provide information which will lead to improved methods of treatment.

The effects of both radiant energy and ionizing radiation on the metabolism of skin are being investi gated in an effort to determine the mechanisms by which these energy sources elicit their responses in skin tissue.

X-ray diffraction techniques are being used to study the composition of commercial talcs from dif ferent areas to correlate chemical, mineralogical, and physical differences of these materials with their action in producing industrial pneumoconiosis.

A Survey Research Center interviewer at work