Overseers of Highways are required to repair and keep in order the highways within their districts; to direct persons assessed to work on the highways to come and work; to cause the noxious weeds within the highways to be destroyed, and to execute the orders of the Commissioners.

It is the duty of the School Inspectors to divide the township into school districts; they are to receive from the Treasurer of the township, the money appropriated for the township library, and to procure books for the library. They are also to act in conjunction with Inspectors of adjoining townships in the organization of school districts, lying partly ∙in each of said townships.

When domestic animals run at large, contrary to law, they may be driven to the township pound; and the keeper of such pound, called a Pound-Master, shall keep them until the owner calls for them, and pays him his fees and the expense of keeping such beasts, and the fees due the person driving them to the pound, for his trouble, and whatever damage they may have done to the person who causes them to be impounded.

Questions - What are the duties of Commissioners of Highways? Of Overseers of Highways? Of School Inspectors? Of Pound-Masters?

CHAPTER XXXIII.

CITIES AND VILLAGES.

A city is a town where a large number of houses and inhabitants are established in one place, and which has been incorporated and is governed by a mayor and aldermen.

A village is an assemblage of houses and people, less than a city, and not governed by a Mayor and Aldermen.

There are some villages in Michigan much larger than some of the cities.

Some of these villages are not incorporated; while others, like cities, find it necessary, for the preservation of good order, and for the purpose of making those public improvements essential for the convenience and comfort of the people, to exercise powers of government not conferred upon townships, and therefore such villages become incorporated, and are governed by a President and Trustees.

When we say a town is incorporated, we mean the people of that place have been, by law, united together and authorized to do and perform certain acts which, without such law, they could not do.

The cities, and some villages, have a greater number of officers than the townships. This is necessary for the protection of the people.

Cities are subdivided into wards or districts, and officers are elected in each ward to perform certain public duties.

Questions-What is a city? A village? Are all the villages incorporated? For what purposes are cities and villages incorporated? What is meant by an incorporated town? What is said of the number of officers? How are cities subdivided?

CHAPTER XXXIV.

OF THE MILITARY DEPARTMENT-STATE TROOPS GENERAL OFFICERS ORGANIZATION OF REGIMENTS- REGIMENTAL AND COMPANY OFFICERS.

Able-bodied white male citizens, between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years, are, unless exempt by law, subject to military duty.

Ministers of the gospel, judges of the courts, members and officers of the Legislature; officers and guards of the State Prison; commissioned officers of the militia who have served six years; State and county officers, (except notaries. public,) teachers engaged in public institutions and schools; keepers of poor-houses; officers and attendants of the Michigan Asylum for the Insane, in time of peace; firemen, and inspectors of provisions and merchandise, except in case of invasion and insurrection, are exempt from military duty.

The officers acting as assessors in the several townships and cities, on or before the first day of June in each year, are required to make out and send to the county clerk a list of the names of persons liable to do military duty. These lists constitute the enrolled militia of the State.

The County Clerk is required to send to the AdjutantGeneral of the State the number of persons in his county, returned to him by the assessors.

In case of war or threatened danger to the State or United States, from a foreign or domestic foe, the Commanderin-Chief (the Governor) may call out any portion or all of the enrolled militia.

The enrolled militia are not subject to active military duty, except in case of war, rebellion, invasion, the prevention of invasion, the suppression of riots, tumults, and breaches of the peace, and to aid civil officers in the execution of the laws and in the service of process.

The active militia are composed of volunteers between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years, and are known as State troops, and in case the services of the military are needed, the State troops are first called out; then, if more are needed, a call is made upon the enrolled militia for volunteers, or by draft.

The principal military officers provided for by law are, the Commander-in-Chief, one Adjutant-General, one InspectorGeneral, one Quartermaster-General, one Paymaster-General, and a State Military Board. These officers are appointed by the Governor.

The Adjutant-General distributes orders from the Commander-in-Chief, and attends him when ordered, in the discharge of his duties.

The Inspector-General has charge of the instruction and mustering of the State troops.

The Quartermaster-General has charge of the public magazines, store-houses, arsenals, munitions of war, military stores and other military property of the State.

The law forbids the organization of more than twelve volunteer companies of infantry, prior to January 1st, 1874, but provides that the number of companies may be increased at the rate of four companies in each year thereafter, until the number of twenty-four companies shall be reached; beyond which, in time of peace, there shall be no increase.

The law provides that each regiment shall consist of a Colonel, a Lieutenant-Colonel, a Major, a Surgeon, an Assistant-Surgeon, a Chaplain, an Adjutant, a Quartermaster-Ser

geant, and not less than eight nor more than ten companies; each of which companies of infantry shall consist of a Captain, a First-Lieutenant, a Second-Lieutenant, five Sergeants, eight Corporals, and not less than thirty-two nor more than seventy privates.

Questions-Who are subject to military duty? Who are exempt? How are the militia enrolled? To what officer do the County Clerks send the number of persons in their respective counties, liable to military duty? When may the enrolled militia be called into service? When are the enrolled militia subject to active military duty? Of whom are the active militia composed? In case the services of the military are required, what body is first called? Mention the principal State military officers? What are the duties of the AdjutantGeneral? Of the Inspector-General? Of the Quartermaster-General ? How many volunteer companies of infantry may be organized? What officers are required for a regiment? How many companies in a regiment? What officers are required for each company? How many privates?

As people often fail to agree with regard to their relative rights and duties, and as they sometimes violate their agreements with each other, and even violate and disobey those rules and regulations prescribed for their conduct, it is necessary that tribunals should be provided to administer justice, to determine and declare the rights of parties, to investigate and decide whether the laws are observed or violated, and to