The

I. There were only 19 Senators at the opening. names of 6 were put into one class, 7 into another, and 6 into another.

II. No two Senators' names from the same State were put into one class.

III. Three papers of equal size numbered one, two, and three, were rolled up and put into a box, and drawn by a committee of three persons chosen for this purpose in behalf of the respective classes in which each of them was placed.

IV. Senators of the first class were to vacate their seats in 2 years; of the second, in 4 years; of the third, in 6 years.

V. By a resolution of Congress in 1789, it was decided that when Senators take their seats from States that have not before appointed Senators, they shall be placed by lot in the foregoing classes in such manner as shall keep the classes as nearly equal as may be in numbers.

VI. Two or four years will intervene between two successive expirations of Senatorial terms in any State. What special Qualifications must a Senator possess?

I. He must be 30 years of age, an inhabitant of the State in which elected, and 9 years a citizen of the United States.

II. He must be free from the restrictions in regard to holding office heretofore given for Representatives. What are they?

How are Vacancies in this office filled?

I. If a vacancy occurs during the recess of a Legislature of any State, the Governor of such State may make

DUTIES OF SENATORS.

107

a temporary appointment, which will expire at the meeting of the Legislature.

II. If the Legislature of a State be in session at the time a vacancy occurs, the Legislature will proceed to fill such vacancy by voting as in the case of a full term. NOTE. The person elected to fill a vacancy serves only for the unexpired term.

DUTIES.

What are some of the Duties of Senators?

I. To take the oath of office. (See page 145.) The oath will be administered by the Clerk of the Senate. II. To elect their Clerk, Sergeant-at-Arms, Doorkeeper, and Postmaster. These officers are not members of the Senate.

III. Sections IV., V., and VI., under duties for Representatives, apply to Senators likewise. What are they? IV. The Senate, sitting as a court, has sole power to try all impeachments.

NOTE 1.-The Chief Justice shall preside when the President of the. United States is being tried.

NOTE 2.-It requires two-thirds of the members present to concur in order to convict.

Compare pp. 57, 58, 105.

NOTE 3.-The following persons have been tried by this Court:

1. William Blount, United States Senator from Tennessee was impeached by the House of Representatives in 1797, tried by the Senate, and expelled. The charge was "That he had intrigued when Governor of the Territory, totransfer New Orleans and the neighboring districts, then belonging to Spain, to Great Britain, by means of a joint expedition of English and Indians."

2. John Pickering, District Judge, N. H., was impeached by the House of Representatives in 1803. Senate failed to convict.

3. Samuel Chase, Associate Justice, was impeached, tried by the Senate in 1805, and discharged.

4. James H. Peck, District Judge, Missouri, was impeached, tried by the Senate, in 1830, and discharged.

5. The impeachment (or indictment) of Andrew Johnson in 1868, consisted of 11 articles or counts. Only three of those articles or counts were

acted upon, the vote standing 34 for conviction, and 19 against. He was not convicted. Repeat the provisions of the Constitution as to impeachments, pages 115 and 116.

V. To ratify or reject treaties proposed by the President of the United States, two-thirds of the Senators present concurring. (See page 140.)

VI. To confirm or reject appointments made by the President. (See page 95.)

VII. To elect a Vice-President of the United States in case the electors fail so to do. (See page 91.)

VIII. To elect a President pro tempore. This is usually done at the close of the first Executive Session of the Senate after the inauguration of the new Vice-President, so that if the Vice-President should be called upon to perform the duties of President, the Senate would not be without a presiding officer. (See page 92.)

IX. The President pro tempore of the Senate may act as Vice-President, in case of a vacancy, but can never be in fact a Vice-President, because the President pro tempore may be less than 35 years of age, or born in a foreign country, and consequently may be ineligible to the office of Vice-President.

NOTE. For further legislative powers, such as levying duties, coining money, fixing the standard of weights and measures, establishing postoffices and post-roads, inferior courts, punishment of piracies, etc., see page 119.

How are Congresses named?

By ordinal number. The 51st Congress will come into power March 4, 1889, and at the close of two years will be followed by the 52d Congress, a new Congress succeeding to powe every two years.

DUTIES OF SENATORS.

When does Congress meet?

109

The Constitution provides that Congress shall meet the first Monday in December, in each year; consequently, there can be no session of a new. Congress until that time, unless ordered by the President.

The first regular session of a Congress may continue a full year. The second regular session must close on the third of March, at which time the term of the members of the House of Representatives expires.

What is meant by the Senate having Executive Sessions?

I. An executive session is for the purpose of ratifying treaties, confirming appointments made by the President, etc.

II. It is a meeting of the Senate only, and is sometimes called by the President when Congress is not in session. At the commencement of a presidential term, the Senate is convened for the purpose of confirming the Cabinet and other appointive officers.

May the Presiding Officers vote

I. The Speaker of the House of Representatives, being a member of the House, is always entitled to a vote upon any question.

II. The Vice-President not being a member of the Senate, is entitled to vote only in case of a tie in the Senate.

III. The President pro tempore, as presiding officer, is entitled to vote upon all questions, because he is a member of th Senate. (Compare page 58.)

What are the Salaries of Congressmen?

I. The Speaker of the House receives a salary of $8000.

II. The President pro tem. of the Senate receives a salary of $8000.

III. Senators, Representatives, and Delegates (see page 73) receive $5000 a year, and 20 cents a mile for travel in going to and returning from Washington.

What are the Standing Committees of Congress?

I. Both houses have standing committees, among which are the following: Ways and Means, Foreign Relations, Finance, Appropriations, Judiciary, Commerce, Military Affairs, Naval Affairs, Indian Affairs, Elections, Banking and Currency, Railroads, etc.

II. These committees are appointed in the House of Representatives by the Speaker; in the Senate, by the members of the Senate.

III. Each committee has a chairman and secretary: the chairman of any committee, by a law of 1863, is empowered to administer oaths to witnesses in any case under consideration.

IV. Special committees are appointed for the examination of special cases.

V. The object of having committees is to expedite business: bills and matter pertaining to a particular subject are referred to the committee having that subject in charge; the committee investigates, and reports in proper form to the House or the Senate as the case may be.

COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE.

Explain the manner in which a deliberative body is resolved into a Committee of the Whole.

I. A member of the House of Representatives, Senate, or any other deliberative body, moves that that