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Education Department to a memorial addressed to it by the parish of St. George, Hanover-square:

Your vestry are doubtless aware that the proposal of the school board to provide a working capital by borrowing 75,000l. arises from the difficulty which some of the rating authorities experience in meeting the demands of the board within a reasonable time after the precepts are issued, and from a desire on the part of the board to discontinue the practice-which they are advised is illegal—of borrowing from time to time of their treasurer. My lords note that, in the estimate of the expenses of the board for 1878-79, the precepts unpaid on December 31, 1877, amounted to no less a sum than 143,1031., or more than a fourth part of the sum annually re quired from the rating authorities.

Our sources of income arise fron the government grant earned by our scholars, amounting for the past year to 91,3311. Ss., giving an average grant per child of 12s. 10d. School fees, as already noticed, add 55,8131. 1s. 6d., while the amount received for 74 schools hired for Sunday and evening classes has been 1,142l. 14s. Our chief depende nce, however, must be on the rate, which stands at 51d. Although this year we have been able to keep down the rate and even practically reduced it, the working of the compulsory by-laws and the industrial schools act throws upon us so heavy a burden, outside our ordinary work of school provision and maintenance, that we dare not hold out the prospect of speedy relief being found possible. In the letter of the Education Department before referred to, the closing sentence is this:

Looking to the heavy deficiency in the school accommodation w hich had to be supplied by the action of the School Board for London, and bearing in mind that salaries and wages are necessarily higher in London than in the country, my lords are of opinion that the sum per pound of the ratable value paid by the ratepayers toward the expenses of the board compares not unfavorably with the sum paid by the ratepayers in the country.

We believe also that our constituents will remember, as was recently said, that "an education rate is in the nature of an insurance against future and menacing evils which we ought to be very well content to pay. It is not like the poor rate, which, however necessary it may be, is an evil necessity at the best, and indicates a dead weight of destitution and distress. An education rate, on the other hand, is a charge every penny of which can, and ought to be, expended to profit. Every child we educate, who would otherwise be left in ignorance, is a direct gain to the community."

It is due to add that we are greatly indebted to the experience and zeal of ladies and gentlemen who act as local managers of our schools and members of our divisional committees; we shall cordially unite also in recognizing the eminent service rendered by the clerk of the board and our efficient staff. Speaking as I do individually, I need have no hesitation in referring to the steady and earnest work of my colleagues on the board. It is not too much to say that many of them give almost daily attendance of many hours' duration in addition to constant supervision of local work in their own divisions.

OF THE

BUREAU OF EDUCATION.

No. 2-1879.

PAPERS, ADDRESSES, DISCUSSIONS, AND OTHER PROCEEDINGS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF SUPERINTENDENCE OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION, AT THE MEETING HELD AT WASHINGTON, D. C., FEBRUARY 4, 5, AND

6, 1879; THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF SUPERIN

TENDENCE OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION

FOR 1877; AND THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE

OF THE PRESIDENTS AND OTHER DELEGATES OF

THE STATE UNIVERSITIES AND STATE
COLLEGES OF OHIO FOR 1877.

WASHINGTON:

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.

1879.

CONTENTS.

Page.

Letter of the Commissioner of Education to the Secretary of the Interior .....
Programme of the call convening the Department

5

7

Appointment of committees

7-8

Address by Consul General John Hitz on "Popular education in Switzerland".. 8-20 Discussion

20-22

Address of Dr. E. C. Wines on "Popular education in France".

22-25

Address of Hon. E. A. Apgar on "Technical education"

25-38

Discussion

38-39

Address of Mrs. Louise Pollock on "Kindergarten training"
Discussion

39-42

42-45

Appointment of committees

45

Address of Hon. G. J. Orr on "Education in the South".

46-56

Discussion

56-57

Remarks of Hon. W. T. Harris on "Education and the Tenth Census"

58-59

Address of Hon. John Eaton on "The needs of the United States Bureau of
Education"

60-64

Address of Justice Strong on "Instruction in governmental ideas"

65-69

Address of Professor Walter Smith on "Technical education and industrial drawing"....

70-91

Discussion and resolutions

91-93

Address of Hon. John D. Philbrick on “Education at the Paris Exposition"..
Remarks of Hon. Josiah Dent relative to education in the District of Columbia..
Letter of the Department of Superintendence to Dr. Philbrick....

Report of the committee on national legislation

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Discussion of the best school organization for a State.....

.105-112

Appointment of committees

.112-113

Address of Hon. John Eaton on "What has been done by the National Government in aid of education"

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Address of Hon. George B. Loring on "American education”...................
Remarks of Hon. James A. Garfield on the present character of primary instruc-
tion

149-158

...

158-160

Discussion

160

Remarks of Hon. John W. Dickinson on the high school question ....
Resolution of the Department of Superintendence respecting high schools.....
List of committees appointed and their membership.

160-162

162

163

Report of the committee on a national museum..

163-165

Report of the committee on the United States Bureau of Education
Report of the committee on national aid to education....

165

165

Page.

Report of the committee on public lands for the District of Columbia
Discussion...

166

166

Address of Hon. James H. Smart on "The high school question
Discussion

157-12

173-174

Memorial of Dr. Edwin Leigh respecting improved methods of teaching...........174–175

APPENDIX B.

Election of officers of the conference of college presidents and appointment of
committees

Address of President Gregory on "Collegiate degrees "
Discussion ...

Discussion respecting scientific studies and courses of study ........

Report of President Orton on "The military system in State colleges"
Discussion .....

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.12-13

1-33-185

155-1-9

.1-3-190

191

1.2

Report respecting congressional appropriations to State colleges and discussion..
Reports of committees

26

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