2 m Yes. Persons convicted of some offense forfeiting right of suffrage, nontaxpayers.

60 d.....

her citizenship before a court having jurisdiction over the naturalization of aliens. A woman citizen who marries an alien ineligible to citizenship ceases to be a citizen of the United States. If at the termination of the marital status she is a citizen of the United States she retains her citizenship regardless of her residence. No woman whose husband is not eligible to citizenship can be naturalized during the continuance of the marital status. (Act of Sept. 22, 1922.)

Aliens may become Citizens of the United States by treaties with foreign powers, by conquest or by special acts of congress.

In an act approved March 2, 1907, it is provided that any American citizen shall have expatriated himself when he has been naturalized in any foreign state in conformity with its laws, or when he has taken an oath of allegiance to any foreign state.

When any naturalized citizen shall have resided for two years in the foreign state from which he came. or five years in any other foreign state, it shall be presumed that he has ceased to be an American citizen, and the place of his general abode shall be deemed his place of residence during said years: Provided, however, that such presumption may be overcome on the presentation of satisfactory evidence to a diplomatic or consular officer of the United States, under such rules and regulations as the department of state may prescribe: and provided. also, that no American citizen shall be allowed to expatriate himself when this country is at war.

A child born without the United States of alien parents shall be deemed a citizen of the United States by virtue of the naturalization of or resumption of American citizenship of the parent: Provided. that such naturalization or resumption takes place during the minority of such child: and provided. further, that the citizenship of such minor child shall begin at the time such minor child begins to reside permanently in the United States.

All children born outside the limits of the United States, who are citizens thereof in accordance with the provisions of section 1993 of the Revised Statutes of the United States (see above), and who continue to reside outside of the United States. shall, in order to receive the protection of the government, be required, upon reaching the age of 18 years. to record at an American consulate their intention to become residents and remain citizens of the United States and shall further be required to take the oath of allegiance to the United States upon attaining their majority.

NATURALIZATION LAWS.

Act of June 29, 1906, as amended March 4, 1909. June 25, 1910, March 4, 1913, and May 9, 1918.

The act creating the department of labor provided for a bureau of naturalization with a commissioner of naturalization and deputy commissioner. The commissioner or in his absence the deputy commissioner is the administrative officer in charge of the bureau

of naturalization.

The act of June 29, 1906, as subsequently amended, provides that the bureau of naturalization, under the direction of the secretary of labor, shall have charge of all matters concerning the naturalization of aliens. It is the duty of the bureau to provide. for use at the various immigration stations throughout the United States, books of record in which the commissioners of immigration shall cause a registry to be made in the case of each alien arriving in the United States. the name, age, Occupation. personal description, place of birth, last residence, intended place of residence in the United States, the date of arrival of said

alien and, if entered through a port, the name of the vessel on which he comes. Such alien shall be granted a certificate of such registry. Exclusive jurisdiction to naturalize aliens is conferred upon the United States District courts and all courts of record having a seal, a clerk and jurisdiction in actions at law or equity in which the amount in controversy is unlimited. The naturalization jurisdiction of the courts shall extend only to aliens resident within the respective judicial districts of such courts.

An alien may be admitted to citizenship in the following manner and not otherwise:

1. He shall declare on oath before the clerk of the proper court at least two years before his admission, and after he has reached the age of 18 years, that it is bona fide his intention to become a citizen of the United States and to renounce allegiance to any for. eign state or sovereignty. Such declaration shall set forth the same facts as are registered at the time of his arrival. No alien who, in conformity with the law in force at the date of his declaration, has declared his intention to become a citizen of the United States shall be required to renew such declaration.

2. Not less than two years nor more than seven after he has made such declaration he shall file a petition, signed by himself and verified, in which he shall state his name. place of residence, occupation, date and place of birth, place from which he emigrated, name of the vessel on which he arrived, the time when and the place and name of the court where he declared his intention of becoming a citizen; if he is married, he shall state the name of his wife, the country of her nativity and her place of residence at the time the petition is filed, and if he has children, the name, date and place of birth and place of residence of each child living. The petition shall also set forth that he is not a disbeliever in or opposed to organized gov. ernment or a member of any body of persons opposed to organized government, and that he is not a polygamist or a believer in polygamy: that he intends to become a citizen of and to live permanently in the United States, and whether or not he has been denied admission as a citizen of the United States, and, if denied, the ground or grounds of such denial, the court or courts in which such decision was rendered and that the cause for such denial has since been cured or removed, and every fact material to his naturalization and required to be proved upon the final hearing of his application.

The petition shall also be verified by the affidavits of at least two credible witnesses. who are citizens of the United States, and who shall state in their affidavits that they have personally kown the applicant to be a resident of the United States for a period of at least five years continuously and of the state, territory or District of Columbia in which the application is made for a period of at least one year immediately preceding the date of the filing of his petition, and that they each have personal knowledge that the petitioner is a person of good moral character, in every way qualified, in their opinion, to be admitted as a citizen of the United States.

At the time of the filing of the petition. there shall be filed with the clerk of the court a certificate from the department of labor. if the petitioner arrives in the United States after the passage of this act, stating the date, place and manner of his arrival in the United States. and the declaration of intention of such petitioner, which certificate and declaration shall be attached to and made a part of the petition.

3. He shall before he is admitted to citizenship declare on oath in open court that he will support the constitution of the United States, that he absolutely and entirely re

nounces and abjures all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate or sovereignty, and particularly by name to the prince, potentate, state or sovereignty of which he was before a citizen or subject, and that he will support and defend the constitution and laws of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic, and bear true faith and allegiance to the same.

4. It shall be made apparent to the satisfaction of the court admitting any alien to citizenship that immediately preceding the date of his application he has resided continuously within the United States five years at least, and within the state or territory where such court is at the time held one year at least, and that during that time he has behaved as a man of good moral character, attached to the principles of the constitution. In addition to the oath of the applicant, the testimony of at least two witnesses, citizens of the United States, as to the facts of residence, moral character and attachment to the principles of the constitution shall be required. 5. He must renounce any hereditary title or order of nobility which he may possess.

6. When any alien who has declared his intention dies before he is actually naturalized the widow and minor children may, by com. plying with the other provisions of the act, be naturalized without making any declaration of intention.

or

7. Any native-born Filipino of the age of 21 years and upwards who has declared his intention to become a citizen of the United States, and who has served in the United States navy, marine corps or the naval auxiliary service not less than three years: any alien, or any Porto Rican not a citizen of the United States, of the age of 21 or upwards, who has enlisted or may enlist hereafter in the armies of the United States, either the regular forces, the volunteer forces, the national army, the national guard or naval militia of any state, or the United States navy or marine corps, or coast guard, or who has served for three years on any vessel of the United States, merchant, naval or fishing, of more than twenty tons burden, may on presentation of the required declaration of intention petition for naturalization without proof of the required five years' residence in the United States if it is shown that such residence cannot be established; any alien in the military or naval service of the United States during the time this country is engaged in the present (world) war may file his petition for naturalization without making the preliminary declaration of intention and without residence within the years' proof of five United States; any alien declarant who has served in the army or navy of the United States or the Philippine constabulary, and has been honorably discharged and has been accepted for service in either the military or naval service of the United States on condition that he become a citizen of the United States, may file his petition for naturalization in the upon proof of continuous residence United States for the three years immediately preceding his petition, by two witnesses, citizens of the United States, and in these cases only residence in the Philippine islands and the Panama Canal Zone by aliens may be considered residence within the United States. and the place of such military service shall be construed as the place of residence and the petition for naturalization may be filed in the most convenient court without proof of resiAny alien who dence within its jurisdiction. is in the military service at the time of the passage of this act may file his petition without appearing in person in the office of the clerk of court and without taking the oath Service by aliens of allegiance in open court.

apon vessels not of American registry shall not be considered as residence for naturalization purposes.

8. Every seaman alien shall after his declaration of intention to become a citizen of the United States, and after he shall have served three years upon such merchant or fishing vessel of the United States, be deemed a citizen for the purpose of serving on board any such vessel.

9. Provision is made for promoting the inbilities of applicants for naturalization struction and training in citizenship responsi through a citizenship textbook and monthly naturalization bulletin.

uninterruptedly

who 10. Any person not an alien enemy, within the United resided States for five years next preceding July 1, 1914, and was on that date otherwise quali lied to become a citizen except that he had not made the declaration of intention required by law and who had because of misinformation regarding his citizenship status erroneously exercised the rights, and performed the duties of a citizen of the United States in good faith, may file the petition for naturalization without making the preliminary declaration required of other aliens and may be admitted as a citizen of the United States upon complying in all respects with the other requirements of the naturalization law.

11. No alien who is a citizen, subject or denizen of any country with which the United States is at war shall be admitted to become a citizen of the United States unless he made his declaration of intention not less than two nor more than seven years prior to the existence of war, or was at that time entitled to become a citizen without making a declaration of intention, or unless his petition for naturalization shall then be pending and is otherwise entitled to admission.

12. Any person who, while a citizen of the United States and during the war in Europe. entered the military or naval service of any United States is now at war, who shall be country at war with a country with which the deemed to have lost his citizenship by reason of any oath or obligation taken by him for the purpose of entering such service, may resume his citizenship by taking the oath of allegiance prescribed by the naturalization law authorized to naturalize and regulations, and such oath may be taken aliens or before any consul of the United before States.

any court

13. Any person who served in the military or naval forces of the United States at the termination of the world war or who may have been honorably discharged from such service on account of disability incurred in the line of duty shall be relieved from the necessity of proving that he resided continuously in the United States the time required by law of aliens, but his petition must be supported by two credible witnesses.

Immediately after the filing of the petition a public place the name, the clerk of the court shall give notice thereof by posting in nativity and residence of the alien, the date and place of his arrival in the United States and the date for the final hearing of his petition and the names of the witnesses whom the applicant expects to summon in his behalf. Petitions for naturalization may be filed at any time, but final action thereon shall be had only on stated days and in no case until at least ninety days have elapsed after the No person shall be filing of the petition. naturalized within thirty days preceding a general election within the territorial jurisdiction of the court. It shall be lawful for the court, upon the petition of an alien, to change his name.

No person who disbelieves in or who is op

posed to organized government, or who is a member of or affiliated with any organization entertaining and teaching such disbelief in or opposition to organized government, or who advocates or teaches the duty, necessity or propriety of the unlawful assaulting or killing of any officer or officers of the government of the United States, or of any other organized government, because of his or their official character, or who is a polygamist, shall be naturalized.

No alien shall hereafter be naturalized or admitted as a citizen of the United States who cannot speak the English language. This requirement does not apply to those physically unable to comply with it, or to those making homestead entries upon the public lands of the United States.

The fees charged by clerks of court in naturalization cases are:

For receiving and filing a declaration of intention and issuing a duplicate thereof, $1.

For making, filing and docketing the petition of an alien for admission as a citizen of the United States and the final hearing thereon, $2; and for entering the final order and the issuance of the certificate of citizenship thereunder, $2.

The petitioner shall also deposit with the clerk a sum of money sufficient to cover the expenses of subpoenaing and paying the legal fees of any witnesses for whom he may request a subpoena.

The naturalization of deserters or persons who go abroad to avoid draft is prohibited.

A declaration made by an alien who has been admitted for a temporary stay in the country is invalid. An alien who has been so admitted acquires no right of legal domicile.

Under an administrative construction by the secretary of labor the age of a declaration of intention will have no bearing upon a petition for naturalization filed by the widow or children of a deceased declarant. needs to be shown is that the husband made a All that declaration of intention and during its life died without becoming a citizen. The regulation abrogated required a widow or child of a deceased declarant to produce a declaration of intention not less than two nor more than seven years old.

Any alien who wishes to file his final application for citizenship should write to the clerk of the court in the county in which he lives or to the clerk of the United States court, if such a court is convenient to where he lives, to mail him application form No. 2214. The clerk will mail the form indicated to the alien and upon its receipt, he should write in the form all the facts called for. attach his declaration, and mail both papers to the chief naturalization examiner whose name appears on the application form. If the facts are clearly stated by the alien the chief examiner will notify him to appear with his witnesses for oral examination to verify the facts given in the form. If the law has been fully complied with, the alien will be directed by the examiner to go immediately to the office of the clerk of court to file his petition.

ritory or other place subject to the jurisdiction thereof except the Isthmian Canal Zone; but if any alien shall leave the Canal Zone or any insular possession and attempt to enter any other place under the jurisdiction of the United States he is not to be permitted to enter under any other conditions than those applicable to all aliens.

There shall be collected a tax of $8 for every alien, including alien seamen regularly admitted, entering the United States. Children under 16 accompanying father or mother are not subject to the tax. The tax shall not be levied on aliens who enter after an uninterrupted residence of at least one year preceding such entrance in Canada, Newfoundland, Cuba or Mexico for a temporary stay, nor upon aliens in transit, nor upon aliens who, having been lawfully admitted, shall go from one part of the United States to another, although through contiguous foreign territory.

Excluded Aliens.

The following classes of aliens are excluded feeble minded, epileptics, insane persons: perfrom the United States: Idiots, imbeciles, sanity previously: persons of constitutional sons who have had one or more attacks of inalcoholism; paupers; professional beggars; vapsychopathic inferiority; persons with chronic grants; persons afflicted with tuberculosis in contagious disease; persons not comprehended any form or with a loathsome or dangerous within any of the foregoing excluded classes who are found to be and are certified by the ically defective, such physical defect being examining surgeon as being mentally or phys of a nature which may affect the ability of been convicted of or admit having committed such alien to earn a living; persons who have ing moral turpitude: polygamists, or persons a felony or other crime or misdemeanor involvwho practice polygamy or believe in or advocate the practice of polygamy: anarchists, or persons who believe in or advocate the overof the United States or of all forms of law, or throw by force or violence of the government who disbelieve in or are opposed to organized of public officials, or who advocate or teach government, or who advocate the assassination unlawful destruction of property: persons who are members of or affiliated with any organization entertaining and teaching disbelief in or opposition to organized government, or who priety of the unlawful assaulting or killing advocate or teach the duty, necessity, or prodividuals or of officers generally, of the gov of any officer or officers, either of specific inernment of the United States or of any other organized government, because of his or their official character, or who advocate or teach the unlawful destruction of property: prostitutes or persons coming into the United States immoral purpose: persons who directly or infor the purpose of prostitution or any other directly procure or attempt to procure or im. port prostitutes or persons for the purpose of prostitution or any other immoral purpose: persons who are supported by or receive in whole or in part the proceeds of prostitution; contract laborers who have been induced or assisted to migrate to this country by offers or promises of employment. whether such offers or promises are true or false, or in consequence of agreements, oral, written in this country of any kind, skilled or unor printed, express or implied, to perform labor of advertisements for laborers printed, pubskilled; persons who have come in consequence lished or distributed in a foreign country: perwho have been deported under any of the prosons likely to become a public charge: persons visions of this act. and who may again seek admission within one year from the date of such deportation, unless prior to their re-embarka

ex

tion at a foreign port or their attempt to be immigration officer or to the secretary of labor admitted from foreign contiguous territory the that they are seeking admission to the United secretary of labor shall have consented to their States to avoid religious persecution in the reapplying for admission; persons whose ticket country of their last permanent residence. whether such persecution be evidenced by overt or passage is paid for with the money of anacts or by laws or governmental regulations other, or who are assisted by others to come, that discriminate against the alien or the race unless it is satisfactorily shown that such per sons do not belong to one of the foregoing to which he belongs because of his reigious faith; all aliens who have been lawfully adexcluded classes: persons whose ticket or passage is paid for by any corporation, association, mitted to the United States and who have resided therein continuously for five years and society, municipality or foreign government who return to the United States within six either directly or indirectly; stowaways, cept that any such stowaway, if otherwise months from the date of their departure therefrom; all aliens in transit through the United admissible, may be admitted at the discretion of the secretary of labor; all children under States; all aliens who have been lawfully admitted to the United States and who later shall 16 years of age unaccompanied by or not go in transit from one part of the United States coming to one or both of their parents, except that any such children may, in the discretion to another through foreign contiguous territory: Provided, that nothing in this act shall exclude, of the secretary of labor, be admitted if, in his opinion, they are not likely to become a public if otherwise admissible, persons convicted, or who admit the commission, or who teach or charge and are otherwise eligible: unless otheradvocate the commission, of an offense purely wise provided for by existing treaties, persons who are natives of islands not possessed by the political: Provided further, that the provisions of this act relating to the payments for tickets United States adjacent to the continent of Asia, or passage by any corporation, association, sucisituate south of the 20th parallel of latit.de ty, municipality or foreign government shall north, west of the 160th meridian of longi. not apply to the tickets or passage of aliens in tude east of Greenwich, and north of the 10th immediate and continuous transit through the parallel of latitude south, or who are natives of any country, province or dependency situate United States to foreign contiguous territory: on the continent of Asia west of the 110th Provided further, that skilled labor, if otherwise admissible, may be imported if labor of like meridian of longitude east from Greenwich and the 24th and 38th parallels of latitude kind unemployed cannot be found in this counnorth, and no alien now in any way excluded try, and the question of the necessity of im from, or prevented from entering, the United porting such skilled labor in any particular instance may be determined by the secretary of States shall be admitted to the United States. The provision next foregoing, however, shall labor upon the application of any person internot apply to persons of the following status or ested, such application to be made before such occupation: Government officers, ministers or importation, and such determination by the secreligious teachers, missionaries, lawyers, physi-retary of labor to be reached after a full bearcians, chemists, civil engineers, teachers. stu- ing and an investigation into the facts of the dents, authors, artists, merchants and travelers case: Provided further, that the provisions of for curiosity or pleasure, nor to their legal this law applicable to contract labor shall not be held to exclude professional actors, artists. wives or their children under 16 years of age who shall accompany them or who may subse- lecturers, singers, nurses, ministers of any reli quently apply for admission to the United gious denomination, professors for colleges or States, but such persons or their legal wives or seminaries, persons belonging to any recognized foreign born children who fail to maintain in learned profession, or persons employed as dothe United States a status of occupation plac-mestic servants: Provided further, that whening them within the excepted classes shall be deemed to be in the United States contrary to law and shall be subject to deportation.

Literacy Test.

After three months from the passage of this act, in addition to the aliens who are by law now excluded from admission into the United States, the following person's shall also be excluded from admission thereto, to wit:

ever the president shall be satisfied that pass-
ports issued by any foreign government to its
citizens or subjects to go to any country other
than the United States, or to any of its insular
possessions or the Canal Zone, are being used
for the purpose of enabling the holder to come
to the continental territory of the United States
to the detriment of labor conditions therein,
the president shall refuse to permit such persons
to enter the United States or its possessions:
Provided further, that aliens returning after a
temporary absence to an unrelinquished United
States domicile of seven consecutive years may
be admitted at the discretion of the secretary
of labor and under such conditions as he may
prescribe: Provided further, that nothing in the
contract-labor or reading-test provisions of this
act shall be construed to prevent any alien ex-
hibitor or holder of any concession for any fair
or exposition authorized by congress from bring-
ing into the United States, under contract, such
otherwise inadmissible alien mechanics, artisans,
agents or other employes, natives of his coun-
try, as may be necessary for installing or con-
ducting his exhibit or business, under such rules
as the commissioner-general of immigration with
the approval of the secretary of labor may pre-
scribe, both as to the admission and return of
such persons: Provided further, that the com-
proval of the secretary of labor shall issue rules
and prescribe conditions, including exaction of
such bonds as may be necessary, to control and
regulate the admission and return of otherwise
inadmissible aliens applying for temporary ad-
mission: Provided further, that nothing in this
act shall be construed to apply to accredited

All aliens over 16 years of age, physically capable of reading, who cannot read the English language, or some other language or dialect, including Hebrew or Yiddish: Provided, that any admissible alien, or any alien heretofore or hereafter legally admitted, or any citizen of the United States, may bring in or send for his father or grandfather over 55 years of age, his wife, his mother, his grandmother or his unmarried or widowed daughter, if otherwise admissible, whether such relative can read or not: and such relative shall be permitted to enter. That, for the purpose of ascertaining whether aliens can read, the immigrant inspectors shall be furnished with slips of, uniform size. prepared under the direction of the secretary of labor, each containing not less than thirty nor more than forty words in ordinary use, printed in plainly legible type in some one of the various languages or dialects of munigrants. Each alien may designate the particu-missioner-general of immigration with the aplar language or dialect in which he desires the examination to be made, and shall be required to read the words printed on the slip in such Janguage or dialect. That the following classes of persons shall be exempt from the operation of the literacy test, to wit: All aliens who shall prove to the satisfaction of the proper