up to doing good; and others are exceedingly selfish, putting everything into their own pockets, and then doling it out stingily to the rest of mankind. This is the likeness of such a man. He formerly lived in London, but the place got too narrow for him, and he had to remove to the States, where he was turned out of the synagogue for his habit of putting everything into his pocket without reference to anybody else. But here is a man of a different tone of mindJohn Howard, the prison philanthropist. Those two men differ just as widely in their characters as they do in their heads. The side view of the head of Howard shows benevolence to be large, and no man ever endured more for the cause of humanity. Of some men it may be said that they have four-story heads, and live in the top one; while other men have no upper-story at all to live in. Some men have small and really mean minds, while others have large and liberal souls. Here is the likeness of a man who would not allow himself a decent meal, though he had money in the bank. His features are contracted, even to his nose. This man almost starved himself to death; he did starve his horse. Some men are so contracted in spirit that they do not breathe freely; they are not liberal enough to draw in a full, generous breath, enough to fill and expand their lungs; their parsimoniousness makes them draw stingy breaths. They do not talk with spirit and freedom; they cut short their speech, as though afraid you should get an idea from them without paying for it. Other men talk in a free, open, hearty way; the very sound of their voice beingt pleasant and inspiriting.

Mr. Fowler illustrated his subject of how to read character scientifically, by referring to many wellknown heads in his extensive collection; but without cuts it is not possible to follow him minutely in this interesting part of his lecture. Amongst the heads noticed was that of Sir I. Brunel, who built the Thames Tunnel, and who was remarkable for his

philosophical mind and the largeness of his ideas. He had one fault,- -a want of perceptive intellect. He was too much of a thinker, and not sufficiently practical. Some persons have large minds, but do not use them advantageously; they conceive grandly, but cannot realise practically. The tone of the mind depends much on the condition of the body. Phrenologists generally do not properly understand or take into account the relation between the body and the mind. Parents should guard against weakening the constitution of their children by undue study, and neglect of physical exercise. A sound mind in a healthy body is the grand desideratum. There never was a man with a large head and a small chest who was able to endure years of hard labour and anxiety. There must be adequate lung power to feed the brain. The average size of the chest in this country is thirtyseven inches; in America the average is thirty-five inches. Here is the head of a great chess-player. His brain measures twenty-five inches, three inches more than ordinary; and his chest measures only thirty-five inches. He could play ten games of chess at once, blindfolded; but had not vital power enough. to sustain him. There is a man of a different organisation (a Daniel Lambert); that man does not live in his head, but in his stomach. He cannot think consecutively. He is so large that I had to measure him at twice. That man ought to eat less and think more, so as to restore the balance between body and mind. Here is the likeness of Henry Ward Beecher, of New York, who has a finely balanced mind and body, and in this lies the secret of much of his influence.

Some men have astonishing powers of endurance and grasp of mind. Such a man is Lord Brougham, who, though upwards of eighty, is entertaining audiences almost nightly through the length and breadth of the land. A right system of education would be calculated to develop such men, by exercising the lungs as well as the heart and head, helping digestion, using the

always sympathise with his spirit; nevertheless, we believe his life to be well worthy of our consideration, for of all the great men who were brought forth at the Reformation, few stand taller than John Calvin. And even if we find occasion, as probably we shall, to differ from some of his sayings and doings, we may, perchance, have an illustration of the remark, that "the errors of a wise man are more instructive than the truths of a fool."

The story of Calvin's life-although an historical character-has but little of the thrilling interest which belongs to many of the great actors in history. Calvin was by no means a hero; he was not built up after the type of an Elijah. He might have the sternness of John the Baptist, but he had not the strength. Indeed he was cast in another mould altogether, he moved in a different sphere, and accomplished a different work. Therefore his life was altogether wanting in that rich dramatic interest which charms us so much in many of the great Reformers. We meet with no scenes like that of Luther burning the Pope's bull, or standing before the Diet at Worms, or of John Knox preaching before Mary, or of Cromwell leading on his Ironsides at Marston Moor, or of Wesley preaching to the colliers of Kingswood, or the miners of Cornwall. We are not aware that any artist has painted a single scene from Calvin's life; while from the lives of Luther, Knox, Cromwell, Bunyan, and Wesley, we have several pictures. And, in truth, there are no scenes in Calvin's life to paint; there is nothing to inspire deep feeling. He was not a man of Titanic strength, ready to go forth with mighty arm and hurl down the false; but he was just the man to follow in the track of the Titans, and build up the true. Therefore we advise you to tone down your expectation. Look not for—

"Moving accidents by flood and field,

And hairbreadth 'scapes i' the imminent deadly breach." for there is nothing of this kind to relate.

The story of his life will soon be told. He was born at Noyon, in Picardy-350 years ago-on July 10th, 1509, and was thus six and twenty years younger than Luther. He came of a good family, his father being secretary to the bishop and notary in the Ecclesiastical Court at Noyon, and in well to do circumstances. John was his second son. About his early education we know very little. At the age of fourteen he left home, and went to the High School at Paris. Here he made great progress, and rapidly distinguished himself for sound scholarship. Even thus early, he was very grave, serious, and thoughtful; he disliked all sports, and loved his books better than his play. Indeed, he was one of those pattern boys, who are always very orderly and proper; who "know the elements of all the 'ologies, and can define many of the 'isms,'"-who never dirty their pinafores, or come home with torn jacket; and however hungry, always decline eating their dinners until grace has been said: Boys that we are bound to admire very much when speaking publicly, but whom we should-to speak privately-love a little more, if they had a slight smack of mischief in them. We like to see just a streak of the old Adam, to remind us that we are all akin.

Well, as John was such a serious good boy, his father destined him for the church, and at the age of twelve he held a living. But the church just then, as usual, was thought to be in great danger. Luther was thundering away at her walls, her pillars were trembling, and her foundations giving way, and no one could tell whether the whole fabric would not soon tumble in ruins. Besides, it was now plain that John was a very clever lad-he had plenty of brain-his intellect was sharp and strong. Therefore his father decided that he should leave the church and study law. Hence, in compliance with his father's request, he went to study jurisprudence at the University of Orleans. Beza tells us, that Calvin's life here was

characterised by the most temperate habits, and the greatest devotion to learning. "After a moderate supper, he would spend half the night in study, and in the morning lie in bed to reflect upon what he had read, and it was thus that he acquired his vast stores of knowledge; but at the same time laid the foundation of those disorders which embittered his future life." For his great precocity he paid the usual fine of a premature old age. When but a young man he was reputed to be one of the ablest lawyers in Europe. In the absence of the professors, he was frequently called upon to fill their place. A strong proof of the high esteem in which his abilities were held, we have in the fact, that when the subject of Henry the Eight's famous divorce was proposed to the universities, and to the learned men of Europe, Calvin's opinion among the rest was requested, although he was then in his twenty-first year. From Orleans he removed to the University of Bourges, still adding to his high repu tation for his knowledge of jurisprudence. However,

he still had a deep love for theology, and his sympathies were growing in favour of Luther's faith. And this tendency was strengthened by a friendship he formed with a learned German, named Melchoir Woolmar, who was then Greek Professor in the University, At length, he embraced the Reformed Faith, and awoke up to the consciousness of a new and spiritual life. He now commenced openly to preach the doe trines of the Reformation; and in 1532-when his father died he left the profession of the law, and devoted himself to theology. At this time, there were strong tendencies in France in favour of the Reformation, and Calvin did much to strengthen them. He went to Paris, and was constantly at work gaining converts. To counteract the persecuting principles of the king and ecclesiastical authorities, he published the two books of Seneca on Clemency, with a commentary, in which he freely expressed his opinions. His next public effort was made by proxy. Calvin's