McQuaid, Monaghan, Farley, Gabriels; Monsignor Sbaretti, Monsignor Nugent and Canon Kennedy, of Liverpool, England, and scores of leading clergy and distinguished public men and litterateurs. The course of lectures has been of the high order characteristic of the School, and the lecturers were among the most eminent in the land, and included both Catholic and non-Catholic. Among the latter may be mentioned the Hon. W. T. Harris, United States Commissioner of Education; the Hon. John Boyd Thacher, Mayor of Albany, and Augustus S. Downing, representative of the Regents of the State of New York. The distinguished Catholic lecturers of the session are too well known to need any mention here. The leading educational institutions of the Church sent representatives; among them the Catholic University at Washington, Manhattan College of New York, St. Joseph's College, and St. Charles Seminary, Philadelphia, and St. Francis College of New York. It is also worthy of note that the staff of lecturers and preachers represented the Hierarchy of the Church, the Jesuits, Augustinians, the Brothers of the Christian Schools, secular clergy, and public school men. An encouraging feature of the session was the practical work done on the lines of University Extension and by conferences on Sunday School work, Catholic charities, teachers' unions and reading circles. "The notable events have been the visit of President McKinley and his reception; the reception to Monsignor Martinelli by the members of the School and the military review at the Plattsburg Post; the receptions to Monsignor Conaty and other prelates. "A stronger feeling of confidence has been aroused than heretofore existed, and every member who came here this year left the School enthusiastic in his praise. It is needless to say that the Board of Trustees did everything in their power to satisfy all who came; and from the complimentary expression of the members, it is safe to say that they succeeded. Everything was firstclass. Perhaps the most encouraging statement that can be made is that the session has been a financial success; and what augurs well for the rapid and great development of the School is the fact that a number of lots were sold during the session, and many honorary life members added to the roll. Next year will certainly see the erection of a number of cottages by city associations and individuals. Among the former may be mentioned Buffalo, Rochester, Boston and Brooklyn, and probably Montreal, Syracuse and Albany. With these facts before our minds, we are safe in predicting a brilliant future for the School. "The Champlain Club as a factor in the success of the School was again demonstrated, and in connection with this it is well to state that all the dignitaries who visited the School were entertained at this house, thus giving them the opportunity of partaking to the full the Summer School life, and giving the members of the School an opportunity to enjoy their presence. Heretofore visiting prelates were entertained at Hotel Champlain in most cases. "The Rev. John Talbot Smith demonstrated, this year, the practicability of tent life at Cliff Haven-if, indeed, further evidence were necessary, after the object lesson given in this most enjoyable mode of life for several years past on the Summer School grounds by Gen. Stephen Moffitt. This is a feature sure to become popular among young men. In conclusion, Mr. Mosher said that "the little chapel of Our Lady of the Lake was a consolation and a joy to all the members." THE COLUMBIAN CATHOLIC SUMMER SCHOOL. REPORT OF THE THIRD SESSION, MADISON, WIS., JULY 11 TO JULY 30, 1897. St. Patrick's church was crowded Sunday morning, July 11, in honor of the opening of the Columbian Catholic Summer School. The church was beautified with palms for the event and on the main altar were large bunches of easter lilies. Archbishop F. X. Katzer, of Milwaukee, celebrated Pontifical Mass, with Rev. P. B, Knox, assistant priest, Rev. P. Danehy, of St. Paul, deacon, Rev. Joseph B.Feld, assistant pastor of the Church of the Holy Redeemer, sub-deacon, and Rev. J. M. Naughtin, pastor of St. Raphael's church, master of ceremonies. The musical program was very fine. The sermon was preached by Bishop S. G. Messmer, who gave a forcible address on charity. Services were held in St. Raphael's church at the same hour, Rev. Thomas H. Shields, of St. Paul, preached the sermon. Abstracts of Lectures, Beginning the First Week. PSYCHOLOGY. THREE LECTURES BY THE REV. THOMAS E. SHIELDS, PH. D., PROFESSOR OF BIOLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY, ST. PAUL'S SEMINARY, ST. PAUL, MINN. The opening lecture of the session was delivered by Rev. Thomas E. Shields, at 10:30 a. m. Monday, July 12. Rt. Rev. Bishop Messmer, president of the School, introduced the lecturer. Dr. Shields treated his lecture on THREE PHASES OF MENTAL LIFE from the physical standpoint. This lecture Idealt with the structure and functions of the central nervous system of man in their relations to cognition, emotion and volition. The lecturer maintained that while cognition, emotion and volition mean more than brain functioning, that nevertheless all mental life in man is conditioned by the functioning of his brain, and hence that education is largely a matter of cerebral development. The lecture was meant as a basis for his two following lectures on mental development. Dr. Shields' second lecture, on Tuesday morning, 10:30, was on FUNDAMENTAL QUALITIES OF STUDENT LIFE, and on Wednesday morning at the same hour he lectured on LAWS OF MENTAL DEVELOPMENT. THE LAW. FIVE LECTURES BY JUDGE M. J. WADE, IOWA CITY, IOWA. Tuesday, July 13, 9 a. m. LAW, ITS ORIGIN AND GROWTH. Importance of knowledge of the fundamental theories of municipal law-Necessary that a good citizen must understand the true relation which he bears to the State-Development of the "feeling of legal right"-Laws not arbitrary decrees-Should not be obeyed blindly, but in knowledgeSome false conceptions-Man a social being -Law originated in custom-Growth keeping pace with civilization—Province of legislative power-Struggle of humanity for just laws-The common law-Its gradual development in England and America. Tuesday, July 13, 8 p. m. THE CONSTITUTION AND THE LAW OF THE LAND. The fundamental law of sovereigntyWritten and unwritten constitutions-Ori gin of the constitution-The constitution of the United States-Some of its beautiesThe guaranty of freedom-Historic reasons for some of its main provisions-"The law of the land"-What the term implies-Its relation to the constitution. Wednesday, July 14, 9 a. m. RIGHTS AND DUTIES UNDER THE LAW. Distinction of persons under the lawPopular errors-Rights protected-In peace and security dangers which surround over NOTE-The great disparity in the space and completeness of the two Summer School reports in this issue of the REVIEW must be noticeable to the friends of both institutions. In explanation we would say that the report of each school was compiled from reports furnished the press during the session, and the best possible use was made of them for the REVIEW report. Had matter and illustrations beeu furnished, space would have been gladly given to the Columbian Catholic Summer School.-Editor. looked-Yearning for ideals, existing facts ignored Comparative study--Imperfections -Must deal with the actual, not the idealLoyalty to the law-If unjust, change must come from the masses-Change under constitution or by revolution-Who are anarchists-Ignorance where knowledge is freeIndifference to civic duty. Thursday, July 15, 9 a. m. JUDGMENTS AND PENALTIES. Power to enforce the law-Source of that power-Purpose of litigation-In civil causes, compensation to the person injured - In criminal cases to rebuke the wrong to society-" An eye for an eye"-The death penalty-Modern punishments humane-A comparative study-The prisoner for debtUniform penalties. Friday, July 16, 9 a. m. COURTS. Executive, legislative and judicial departments of government-In the King all combined-Under the United States Constitution, each separate and independent-The power of the courts-Mistaken notionsMistakes of the courts-Confidence in the courts-Vigilance of the citizen. THE MASTERPIECES OF CHRISTIAN ART. FIVE ILLUSTRATED LECTURES BY MISS ELIZA ALLEN STARR, CHICAGO, ILL. Tuesday, July 13, 4 p. m. THREE RIVALS OF THE YEAR FOURTEEN HUNDRED. Competition between Brunelleschi, Donatello and Ghiberti, for the gate of the Baptistery in Florence-The spirit in which this competition was conducted, and its resultSanta Maria del Fiore with its wooden dome, the despair of architects—Brunelleschi's architectural studies in Rome, especially of the Pantheon-How the problem of Santa Maria del Fiore and its dome was solved to the mind of Brunelleschi; how to the minds of the wardens of Santa Maria del Fiore-Progress of the work and the result - Characteristics of Brunelleschi Illustrated by many views of Santa Maria del Fiore. Friday, July 16, 4 p. m. THE BAPTISTERY OF SAN GIOVANNI, FLORENCE. For nearly two hours Miss Starr held the attention of her audience, dilating on the glories of the Baptistery of San Giovanni, and yet, she said, hours and hours more might be spent in pointing out the marvels of that unparalleled work of genius that must be a joy forever and a great civilizing and æsthetic force. No other spot on earth of the same compass contains so many works and associations of genius as does that bearing the dome of Santa Maria del Fiore of Brunelleschi, Giotto's tower and the Baptistery of San Giovanni. It forms, as it were, a center from which civilization radiates and in whose overflowing creations of beauty there is a rejoicing freedom and a springtime freshness. The baptistery is octagonal in shape, six sides symbolizing the days of creation, the seventh the Sabbath, and the eight the resurrection. It was begun by a princess who had married a king of the Lombards to celebrate his conversion to Christianity, and for thirteen centuries it underwent ornamentation. She showed the stages in its improvement. The three bronze gates of the baptistery, which Michael Angelo declared were fit to be gates of paradise," were described in detail. They are double with panels on each side. Pisano's was the first, and his panels contain relief allegorical representations of the scenes in the life of John the Baptist, below which are those of the Christian virtues with their symbols, as that of charity with the cornucopia. The panels were joined at the corners by lions' heads and beadings. Ghiberti's first gate is similar to Pisano's and contains scenes of the life and passion of Christ and the resurrection. Below these are the four evangelists. Ghiberti went a step farther than Pisano and substituted for the lions' heads those of the prophets, saints, apostles and sibyls, and for the beadings a delicate vine. This gate was begun in 1400 and finished in 1424. Then the Florentines ordered a third gate from Ghiberti and it is in this that his genius blossoms out in a very riot of beauty and imagery. Its ten rectangular panels depict old testament stories. They are adorned with two borders and contain statuettes of the principal personages of the stories. Over the gates are groups of wonderful beauty. From the gates the lecturer passed to a description of the interior, describing the pavement laid in Mosaic of black and white marble, the splendid ceiling |