ings not to express my confident reliance upon the disposition of each department of the government to perform its duty, and co-operate in all measures necessary in the present emergency.

The crisis undoubtedly invokes the fidelity of the patriot and the sagacity of the statesman; not more in removing such portion of the public burthen as may be unneces. sary, than in preserving the good order of society, and in the maintenance of well-regulated liberty.

While a forbearing spirit may, and I trust will be exercised towards the errors of our brethren in a par. ticular quarter, duty to the rest of the union demands, that open and organized resistance to the laws should not be executed with impunity. The rich inheritance bequeathed by our fathers has devolved upon us the sacred obligation of preserv. ing it by the same virtues which conducted them through the event. ful scenes of the revolution, and ul. timately crowned their struggle with the noblest model of civil institutions. They bequeathed to us a government of laws, and a federal union, founded upon the great prin. ciple of popular representation. Af ter a successful experiment of 44 years, at a moment when the government and the union are the ob.

jects of the hopes of the friend of civil liberty throughout the world, and in the midst of public and individual prosperity unexampled in history, we are called upon to decide whether these laws possess any force, and that union the means of self preservation. The decision of this question by an enlightened and patriotic people cannot be doubtful. For myself, fellow citizens, devoutly relying upon that divine Providence, which has hitherto watched over our destinies, and actuated by a profound reverence for those institutions I have so much cause to love, and for the American people, whose partiality honoured me with their highest trust, I have determined to spare no effort to discharge the duty which in this conjuncture is devolved upon me. That a similar spirit will, actuate the representatives of the American people is not to be questioned; and I fervently pray that the Great Ruler of nations may so guide your delibe. rations and our joint measures, as that they may prove salutary examples, not only to the present, but to future times, and solemnly proclaim that the constitution and the laws are supreme, and the union indissoluble.

ANDREW JACKSON.
Washington, January 16th, 1833.

THE government of the United States of America, and his Majesty the king of the kingdom of the Two

Sicilies, desiring to terminate the reclamations advanced by said go. vernment against his said Majesty,

In the name of the most Holy and Indivisible Trinity:

THE United States of America and his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, equally animated with the desire of maintaining the relations of good understanding which have hitherto so happily subsisted between their respective states, and of extending and consolidating the commercial intercourse between them, have agreed to enter into negotiations for the conclusion of of a treaty of navigation and commerce : for which purpose, the President of the United States has conferred full powers on James Buchanan, their envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary near his Imperial Majesty; and his Majesty the Emperor of all the Rus sias has conferred like powers on the Sieur Charles Robert Count de Nesselrode, his vice chancellor, Knight of the order of Russia, and of many others, &c.; and the said plenipo. tentiaries having exchanged their full powers, found in good and due form, have concluded and signed the following articles:

ARTICLE I.

There shall be between the territories of the high contracting parties a reciprocal liberty of commerce and navigation. The inhabitants of their respective states shall mutually have liberty to enter the ports, places, and rivers of the territories of each party, wherever foreign commerce is permitted. They shall be at berty to sojourn and reside in all parts whatsoever of said territories, in order to attend to their affairs,

and they shall enjoy, to that effect, the same security and protection as natives of the country wherein they reside, on condition of their submitting to the laws and ordinances there prevailing, and particularly to the regulations in force concerning com

merce.

ARTICLE II.

Russian vessels arriving, either laden or in ballast, in the ports of the United States of America; and reciprocally, vessels of the United States arriving either laden or in ballast, in the ports of the empire of Russia, shall be treated, on their entrance, during their stay, and at their departure, upon the same footing as national vessels, coming from the same place, with respect to the duties of tonnage. In regard to lighthouse duties, pilotage, and port charges, as well as to the fees and perquisites of public officers, and all other duties and charges, of whatever kind or denomination, levied upon vessels or commerce, in the name or to the profit of the government, the local authorities, or of any private establishments whatsoever, the high contracting parties shall reciprocally treat each other upon the footing of the most favoured nations with whom they have not treaties now actually in force, regulating the said duties and charges on the basis of an entire reciprocity.

ARTICLE III.

All kinds of merchandise and articles of commerce, which may be lawfully imported into the ports of the empire of Russia in Russian vessels, may, also, be so imported in

vessels of the United States of America, without paying other or higher duties or charges, of whatever kind or denomination, levied in the name, or to the profit of the Government, the local authorities, or of any private establishment whatsoever, than if the same merchandise, or articles of commerce had been imported in Russian vessels. And reciprocally, all kinds of merchandise and articles of commerce, which may be lawfully imported into the ports of the United States of America, in vessels of the said States, may, also, be so imported in Russian vessels, without paying other or higher duties or charges, of whatever kind or denomination, levied in the name, or to the profit of the Gov. ernment, the local authorities, or of any private establishments whatsoever, than if the same merchan. dise or articles of commerce had been imported in vessels of the United States of America.

ARTICLE IV.

It is understood that the stipu lations contained in the two preceding articles are, to their full extent, applicable to Russian vessels and their cargoes, arriving in the ports of the United States of America; and reciprocally, to vessels of the said States and their cargoes, arriving in the ports of the Empire of Russia, whether the said vessels clear directly from the ports of the country to which they respectively belong, or from the ports of any other foreign country.

ARTICLE V.

All kinds of merchandise and articles of commerce, which may be lawfully exported from the ports of the United States of America in national vessels, may, also, be ex

ported therefrom in Russian vessels without paying other or higher duties or charges, of whatever kind or denomination, levied in the name, or to the profit of the Government, the local authorities, or of any private establishments whatsoever, than if the same merchandise or articles of commerce had been exported in vessels of the United States of America. And recipro cally, all kinds of merchandise and articles of commerce, which may be lawfully exported from the ports of the Empire of Russia in national vessels, may also be exported therefrom in vessels of the United States of America, without paying other or higher duties or charges of whatever kind or denomination, levied in the name, or to the profit of the Government, the local authorities, or of any private establishments whatsoever, than if the same merchandise or articles of commerce had been exported in Russian vessels.

ARTICLE VI.

No higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the United States of any article the produce or manufacture of Russia; and no higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the Empire of Russia of any article the produce or manufacture of the United States, than are, or shall be, payable on the like article, being the produce or manufacture of any other foreign country. Nor shall any prohibition be impo. sed on the importation or exportation of any article the produce or manufacture of the United States or of Russia, to or from the ports of the United States, or to or from the ports of the Russian Empire, which shall not equally extend to all other nations.

ARTICLE VII.

It is expressly understood that the preceding articles II, III, IV, V, and vi, shall not be applicable to the coastwise navigation of either of the two countries, which each of the high contracting parties reserves exclusively to itself.

ARTICLE VIII.

The two contracting parties shall have the liberty of having in their respective ports, consuls, vice consuls, agents, and commissaries, of their own appointment, who shall enjoy the same privileges and pow. ers as those of the most favoured nations; but if any such consuls shall exercise commerce, they shall be submitted to the same laws and usages to which the private individuals of their nation are submitted, in the same place.

The consuls, vice consuls, and commercial agents, shall have the right as such, to sit as judges and arbitrators in such differences as may arise between the captains and crews of the vessels belonging to the nation whose interests are committed to their charge, without the interference of the local authori. ties, unless the conduct of the crews, or of the captain, should disturb the order or the tranquility of the country, or the said consuls, vice consuls, or commercial agents should require their assistance to cause their decisions to be carried into effect or supported. It is, however, understood that this species of judg. ment or arbitration shall not deprive the contending parties of the right they have to resort, on their return, to the judicial authority of their country.

ARTICLE IX.

The said consuls, vice consuls, and commercial agents, are author

ized to require the assistance of the local authorities, for the search, arrest, detention, and imprisonment of the deserters from the ships of war and merchant vessels of their country. For this purpose, they shall apply to the competent tribunals, judges, and officers, and shall, in writing, demand said deserters, proving by the exhibition of the registers of the vessels, the rolls of the crews, or by other official documents, that such individuals formed part of the crews; and this recla mation being thus substantiated, the surrender shall not be refu sed.

Such deserters, when arrested, shall be placed at the disposal of the said consuls, vice consuls, or commercial agents, and may be confined in the public prisons, at the request and cost of those who shall claim them, in order to be detained until the time when they shall be restored to the vessels to which they belonged, or sent back to their own country by a vessel of the same nation, or any other vessel whatsoever. But if not sent back within four months from the day of their arrest, they shall be set at liberty, and shall not be again arrested for the same cause.

However, if the deserter should be found to have committed any crime or offence, his surrender may be delayed until the tribunal before which his case shall be depending shall have pronounced its sentence, and such sentence shall have been carried into effect.

ARTICLE X.

The citizens and subjects of each of the high contracting parties shall have power to dispose of their personal goods within the jurisdiction of the other, by testament, donation, or otherwise, and their representatives, being citizens or subjects