Advances in Heat and Mass Transfer in Biotechnology

a-toxin Advances in Heat bioheat biological biological tissues bioreactor Biotechnology Biotechnology ASME 1997 blood perfusion boundary condition calcium cell culture cell volume cellular Chato coefficient concentration conductivity convection coolant cooling rates Cryobiology cryopreservation cryoprotectant density determined diffusion effects Engineering equation experimental experiments fibroblasts Figure fluid fluorescence function gradient HARV Heat and Mass heat flux heat transfer hepatocytes HTD-Vol hyperthermia images increase inlet interface intracellular laser lattices liquid mass fraction Mass Transfer measured Mechanical medium metabolic method microcarriers microgravity microwave microwave irradiation molecules mOsm normal osmotic oxygen parameters particle perfusion perfusion rate permeability plasma membrane pore pressure probe properties proteins region rotation sample scanning shear shear stress simulated skin solution STLV sucrose surface techniques temperature distribution temperature fluctuations therapy thermal tissue toxin Transfer in Biotechnology transport turgor turgor pressure vapor velocity vessel vitrification µg/ml