this act, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction shall be punishable by a fine of not less than fifty and not to exceed one hundred dollars in the discretion of the court.

ACT No. 192.-Forced contributions from employees.

SEC. 1. It shall be unlawful for any employer of labor, by himself, his agent, clerk or servant to require any employee, or person seeking employment, as a condition of such employment, or continuance therein, to make and enter into any contract, oral or written, whereby such employee or applicant for employment shall agree to contribute directly or indirectly to any fund for charitable, social or beneficial purpose or purposes.

SEC. 2. It shall be unlawful for any such employer. by himself, his agent, clerk or servant, to deduct from the wages of any employee, directly or indirectly, any part thereof without the full and free consent of such employee, obtained without intimidation or fear of discharge for refusal to permit such deduction.

SEC. 3. If the employer be a firm or corporation, each and every member of said firm, and each and every managing officer of the corporation, shall be liable to punishment under this act; and any clerk, servant or agent of any such employer who shall do or attempt to do any act forbidden by this act, shall be equally liable with his employer or employers as principal, for any such violations of this act. SEC. 4. Any person who shall violate any provision of the first three sections of this act shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not less than twenty-five dollars and not more than one hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail for a period of not less than ten nor more than ninety days for each offense.

ACT No. 206.-Exemption from taxation.

SEC. 7. The following real property shall be exempt from taxation:

7. The real and personal property of persons who, in the opinion of the supervisor and board of review, by reason of poverty, are unable to contribute toward the public charges.

SEC. 9 (as amended by act No. 25, acts of 1895). The following personal property shall be exempt from taxation, to wit:

Seventh, The library, family pictures, school books, one sewing machine used and owned by each individual or family, and wearing apparel of every individual; Eighth, Household furniture, provisions and fuel to the value of five hundred dollars to each household: Provided, No person paying board shall be deemed a householder;

Ninth, The working tools of any mechanic not to exceed in value the sum of one hundred dollars;

Eleventh, All mules, horses and cattle not over one year old, all sheep and swine not over six months old, and all domesticated birds;

Twelfth, Personal property owned and used by any householder in connection with his business of the value of two hundred dollars.

ACTS OF 1895.

ACT No. 9.—Protection of street car employees from the weather. SECTION 1. From and after the first day of January in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety-six, it shall be unlawful for any person, partnership or corporation, owning or operating a street railway in this State, or for any officer or agent thereof, superintendent or having charge or control of the management of such line of railway, or the cars thereof, operating electric, cable or other cars propelled either by steam, cable or electricity, which require the constant services, care or attention of any person or persons upon the platforms of such car, to require or permit such services, attention or care of any of its employees or any other person or persons between the first day of November and the first day of April thereafter of each year unless such person, partnership or corporation, its said officers or superintending or managing agents, have first provided the platforms of said car or cars with a proper and sufficient inclosure, constructed of wood, iron and glass, or similar, suitable material, sufficient to protect such employees

from exposure to the winds and inclemencies of the weather: Provided, That such inclosure shall be so constructed as not to obstruct the vision of the person operating such car, or to endanger or interfere with its safe management by the operator.

SEC. 2. From and after January first, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and ninety-six, it shall be unlawful for any such person, partnership or corporation so owning or operating street railways, using steam, electric or cable cars, or any superintending or managing officer or agent thereof, to cause or permit to be used upon such line of railway, between said November first and April first of each and every year thereafter, any car or cars upon which the services of any employee, such as is specified in section one of this act, is required, unless said car or cars shall be provided with the inclosure required by section one of this act.

SEC. 3. Any person, partnership or corporation, owning, operating, superintending or managing any such line of street railway, or managing or superintending officer or agent thereof, who shall be found guilty of a violation of the provisions of section one or two of this act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not less than fifty dollars nor more than one hundred dollars, and in default of payment of the same, by imprisonment in the common jail of the county in which such conviction is had until such fine shall be paid, but for a period not exceeding the term of three months. Each day that any of said person or persons, partnership or corporation, cause or permit any of their said employees to operate such cars in violation of the provisions of sections one and two of this act, or cause or permit cars to be used or operated in violation of said section two of this act, shall be deemed a separate offense: Provided, That the provisions of this act shall not apply to cars used and known as trailing cars.

SEC. 4. It is hereby made the duty of the prosecuting attorney of any county in which any such street railway is situated and operated, upon any information given him by any credible person, or upon knowledge that he may possess that any person, partnership or corporation has violated any of the provisions of this act, to promptly prosecute such person, members of such partnership or corporation for such violation.

ACT No. 10.-Factories, workshops, etc., in Detroit-Health of employees.

SEC. 13. Every person employing five or more persons in a factory, workshop, mercantile or other establishment or office, or employing children, young persons or women, two or more in number, in a workshop, factory, mercantile establishment or office, shall keep such factory, shop, establishment or office in a cleanly state, and free from effluvia arising from any drain, privy or other nuisance, and such shop, factory, establishment or office shall be provided within reasonable access with a sufficient number of proper closets, earth closets or privies for the reasonable use of the persons employed therein, and whenever five or more male persons and five or more female persons are employed as aforesaid together, a sufficient number of separate and distinct water-closets, earth closets or privies shall be provided for the use of each sex, and plainly so designated, and no person shall be allowed to use any such closet or privy assigned to the persons of the other s. x, and it shall be the duty of every owner, lessee or occupant of any premises so used, to carry out the provisions of this section, and to make the necessary changes therefor, and it shall be the duty of the board of health to enforce the provisions of this section, and any person violating the provisions of this section shall be deemed guilty of a misdeineanor, but no criminal prosecution shall be made for such violation, until four weeks after notice in writing, by the health officer, of the changes necessary to be made to comply with the provisions of this section has been sent by mail or delivered to such person, nor then, if in the meantime, such changes have been made, in accordance with such notification; a notice shall be deemed a sufficient notice under this section to all the members of a firm or to a corporation when given to one member of such firm or to the clerk, cashier, secretary, agent or any other officer, having charge of the business of such corporation or to its attorney, and in case of a foreign corporation notice to the officer having such charge of the factory, establishment or workshop, shall be sufficient, and such officer shall be personally liable to the amount of any fine if execution against the corporation be returned unsatisfied. The expression "factory" means any premises where steam, water or other mechanical power is used in aid of any manufacturing there carried on. And the expression "workshop" means any premises, room or place, not being a factory as above defined, wherein any manual labor is therein exercised by way of trade, or for purposes of gain, in or incidental

to any process in making, altering, repairing, ornamenting, finishing or adapting for sale any article or part of an article, and to which, or over which premises, room or place, the employer of the persons working therein has the right of access or control: Provided, however, That the exercise of such manual labor in a private house or private room by the family dwelling therein, or by any of them, or in case the majority of the persons therein employed are members of such family, shall not of itself, constitute such house or room a workshop within this definition, and the aforesaid expressions shall have the meanings above defined for them respectively in the following section hereof.

SEC. 14. No person shall employ any labor in such factory or workshop in which five or more persons are employed, nor in any factory or workshop in which children, young persons or women, five or more in number, are employed in which there shall be such a want of ventilation while work is carried on therein, that the air shall become so exhausted as to be injurious to the health of the persons employed therein, and which shall not be so ventilated as to render harmless as far as practicable all the gases, vapors, dust or other impurities generated in the course of the manufacturing process or handicraft carried on therein that may be injurious to health, and if a factory or workshop in which any process is carried on by which dust is generated and inhaled, to an injurious extent, by the persons employed therein, and it appears to the health officer that such inhalation could be to a great extent prevented by the use of a fan or other mechanical means, and that the same can be provided without excessive expense, such health officer may direct a fan or other mechanical means of proper construction to be provided within a reasonable time, and such fan or other mechanical means shall be provided, and it shall be the duty of every owner, lessee or occupant of any premises so used, to make the necessary changes therefor as directed by the said board or the health officer, and to bring said premises within the provisions of this section, and any person violating the provisions of this section shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, but no person shall be punished therefor until a notice shall have been given to such person, or to the firm or corporation in the manner provided in the preceding section, and at least thirty days before a complaint for such violation shall have been made, nor then if in the meantime such changes have been made in accordance with such notification, and in case changes are made, by order of the board of health or the health officer, by the occupant or lessee of any premises as provided by this or the preceding section, he may recover against any other person having an interest in such premises, such proportion of the expense of making such changes as the court adjudges should justly and equitably be borne by such defendant, and he may retain from any rent payable to such defendant the amount so recoverable as an offset thereto.

ACT NO. 10.-Registration, examination, licensing, etc., of plumbers.

SEC. 30. On or before the first day of September, one thousand eight hundred and ninety-five, every master or journeyman plumber, carrying on his trade in the city of Detroit, shall, under such rules and regulations as the board of health shall prescribe, register his name and address at the office of the board of health, and after the said date it shall not be lawful for any person to carry on the trade of plumbing in the said city unless his name and place of business be registered as above provided and a license issued to him by said board after an examination as to his competency to carry on said business. No person, unless so licensed, shall display upon any sign, placard, or otherwise, in front of or upon or in or about his place of business words signifying that he is a licensed plumber, unless he be so licensed. Any licensed plumber if he change his place of business shall reregister as above provided. A list of the registered plumbers of said city shall be published in the official newspaper at least once in each year. The drainage and plumbing of all buildings, both public and private, hereafter erected in said city shall be executed in accordance with plans previously approved in writing, by the board of health of said city. Suitable drawings and descriptions of the said plumbing and draining shall before any building is so erected, in each case be submitted and placed on file in the office of said board of health. The board of health is also authorized to receive and place on file drawings and descriptions of the plumbing and draining of buildings erected prior to the passage of this act, if the owner or owners thereof should see proper to file the same and request approval thereof. Any court of record having authority to issue injunctions shall have power at any time after the service of notice of the violation of any of the provisions of this section and upon the affidavit of one of the members of the board of health or of its health officer to restrain by injunction the further progress of any violation named in this act, of any work, upon or about the building or premises upon which the said violation exists, and no undertaking shall be required as a

condition to the granting or issuing of such injunction or by reason thereof. Any person violating any of the provisions of this section shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor.

ACT No. 184.-Inspection of factories, etc.

SEC. 1. No male under the age of eighteen years and no female under the age of twenty-one years, shall be employed in any manufacturing establishment in this State for any longer period than sixty hours in one week unless for the purpose of making necessary repairs to machinery in order to avoid the stoppage of the ordinary running of the establishment: Provided, That no more than ten hours shall be exacted from such male minors or females under twenty-one years on any day unless for the purpose of making a shorter work day on the last day of the week.

SEC. 2. No child under fourteen years of age shall be employed in any manufacturing establishment within this State. It shall be the duty of every person employing children to keep a register, in which shall be recorded the name, birthplace, age and place of residence of every person employed by him under the age of sixteen years; and it shall be unlawful for any manufacturing establishment to hire or employ any child under the age of sixteen years without there is first provided and placed on file a statement in writing made by the parent or guardian, stating the age, date and place of birth of said child; if said child have no parent or guardian, then such statement shall be made by the child, which statement shall be kept on file by the employer, and which said register and statement shall be produced for inspection on demand made by any factory inspector appointed under this act.

SEC. 3. No child under the age of sixteen years shall be employed by any person firm or corporation conducting any manufacturing establishment in this State, at employment whereby its life or limb is endangered, or its health is likely to be injured or its morals may be depraved by such employment. No female under the age of twenty-one years and no male under the age of eighteen years shall be allowed to clean machinery while in motion.

SEC. 4. Factory inspectors shall have power to demand a certificate of physical fitness from the county physician who shall make such examination free of charge, in the case of persons who seem physically unable to perform the labor at which they may be employed, and shall have power to prohibit the employment of any person that cannot obtain such a certificate: Provided, This section shall not apply except to children under sixteen years of age.

SEC. 5. It shall be the duty of the owner, agent or lessee of any manufacturing establishment where hoisting shafts or well holes are used to cause the same to be properly enclosed and secured. It shall also be the duty of the agent, owners, agents or lessees to provide or cause to be provided at all elevator openings such proper trap or automatic doors or automatic gates, so constructed as to open and close by the action of the elevator either ascending or descending.

SEC. 6. Fire escapes shall be provided for all manufacturing establishments two or more stories in height, if, in the opinion of the factory inspector, it is necessary to insure the safety of the persons employed in such establishments, said fire escapes or means of egress, or as many thereof as may be deemed sufficient by the inspector shall be provided, and where it is necessary to provide fire escapes on the outside of such establishments, they shall consist of landings or balconies at each floor above the first, to be built according to specifications approved by the factory inspector. The windows or doors leading to all fire escapes shall open outwardly, or upwardly when provided with a counter balancing weight, said windows or doors to be not less than thirty-six inches in height and thirty inches in width. All fire escapes shall be located as far as possible, consistent with accessibility, from the stairways and elevator hatchways or openings; and the ladder thereof shall extend to the roof; stationary stairs or ladders shall be provided on the inside from the upper story to the roof, as a means of escape in case of fire. Signs indicating the way to fire escapes shall be placed in conspicuous places. Factory inspectors shall in writing notify the owner, agent or lessee of such manufacturing establishment of the required location and specifications of such fire escapes as may be ordered.

SEC. 7. Proper and substantial hand rails shall be provided on all stairways in manufacturing establishments, and when in the opinion of the factory inspector it is necessary, the steps of such stairs in al' such establishments shall be substantially covered with rubber securely fastened thereon for the better safety of persons employed in said establishments. The stairs shall be properly screened at sides and bottom where females are employed, and where practicable the doors of such establishments shall swing outwardly or slide as ordered by said factory inspector, and shall be neither locked, bolted or fastened during working hours.

SEC. 8. It shall also be the duty of the owner of such factory, or his agent, superintendent or other person in charge of the same, to furnish or supply, or cause to be furnished and supplied, in the discretion of the factory inspector, where machinery is in use, proper shifters or other mechanical contrivances for the purpose of throwing belts on or off pulleys. All gearing or belting shall be provided with proper safeguards, and wherever possible, machinery shall be provided with loose pulleys. All vats, saws, pans, planers, cogs, set screws, gearing and machinery of every description shall be properly guarded, when deemed necessary by the factory inspector.

SEC. 9. Exhaust fans shall be provided for the purpose of carrying off dust from emery wheels and grindstones, and dust creating machinery, wherever deemed necessary by the factory inspector.

SEC. 10. Every factory in which five or more persons are employed, and every factory or workshop in which two or more children, young persons or women are employed, shall be kept in a cleanly state and free from effluvia arising from any drain, privy, or other nuisance, and shall be provided within reasonable access with a sufficient number of proper water-closets, earth closets or privies, for the reasonable use of the persons employed therein, and whenever two or more male persons and two or more female persons are employed as aforesaid together, a sufficient number of separate and distinct water-closets, earth closets or privies shall be provided for the use of each sex, and plainly so designated, and no person shall be allowed to use any such closet or privy assigned to persons of the other sex. SEC. 11. Not less than forty-five minutes shall be allowed for the noonday meal in any manufacturing establishment in this State. Factory inspectors shall have power to issue written permits in special cases, allowing a shorter meal time at noon, and such permit must be conspicuously posted in the main entrance of the establishment, and such permit may be revoked at any time the inspector deems necessary, and shall only be given where good cause can be shown.

SEC. 12. The commissioner of labor, deputy commissioner of labor and deputy factory inspectors shall be factory inspectors in the meaning of this act, and are hereby empowered to visit and inspect at all reasonable hours, and as often as practicable or required, the factories, workshops and other manufacturing estabfishments in the State, where the manufacture of goods is carried on. Deputy factory inspectors shall report to the commissioner of labor of this State at such time and manner as be [he] may require. It shall also be the special duty of factory inspectors to enforce all the provisions of this act, and to prosecute for all violations of the same, before any magistrate or in any court of competent jurisdiction in this State.

SEC. 13. Deputy factory inspectors shall make a report to the commissioner of labor of each factory visited and inspected by them, which report shall be kept on file in the office of the commissioner. Deputy factory inspectors shall have the same power to administer oaths as is now given to notaries public, in cases where persons desire to verify documents connected with the proper enforcement of this act.

SEC. 14. Nothing in this act shall apply to canning factories or evaporating works, but shall apply to any other place where goods, wares or products are manufactured, repaired, cleaned or sorted, in whole or in part; but no other person, persons or corporation employing less than five persons or children, excepting in any of the cities of this State, shall be deemed a manufacturing establishment within the meaning of this act.

SEC. 15. For the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this act, the commissioner of labor is hereby authorized and required to cause, at least, an annual inspection of the manufacturing establishments or factories in this State. Such inspection may be by the commissioner of labor, the deputy commissioner of labor, or such other persons as may be appointed by the commissioner of labor for the purpose of making such inspection. Such persons shall be under the control and direction of the commissioner of labor and are especially charged with the duties imposed, and shall receive such compensation as shall be fixed by the commissioner of labor, not to exceed three dollars per day, together with all necessary expenses. All compensation for services and expenses provided for in this act shall be paid by the state treasurer upon the warrant of the auditor general: Provided, That not more than eight thousand dollars shall be expended in such inspection in any one year: And provided further, That the commissioner of labor shall present to the governor on or before the first day of February, eighteen hundred and ninety-six, and annually thereafter, a report of such inspec tion, with such recommendations as may seem necessary: And provided further, That in addition to the above allowance for expenses, there may be printed not to exceed two thousand copies of such reports for the use of the labor bureau, for general distribution. And all printing, binding, blanks, stationery, supplies or