and soldiers, many of them severely, who afterwards died of their wounds. The loss of the enemy was never certainly known, but thirty-three of their dead bodies were found on or near the battle ground, and it was not doubted that the enemy had thrown many of his dead into the rivers, on both of which his warriors were posted, as we have seen. From the character of our troops, being all sharpshooters, and backwoodsmen, it is probable that the loss, in killed and wounded was about equal, on both sides. The numbers of the two armies, were probably about the same, judging from their extended line of battle, and the constant firing all day, along that line, from river to river. The next day after the battle, Lewis fortified his encampment, (he should have done so before the action, as soon as he arrived there,) with logs on the outside of it, and by digging an entrenchment. Here, after burying his dead, he left his wounded men under a strong guard, and marched up the Ohio river, in obedience to his recent order from Governor Dunmore. Moving forward, through the dense forest along the Ohio bottoms, we leave him and his gallant band of patriotic western Virginians, until we have found the Earl of Dunmore, whom we left at Williamsburgh, the then seat of the colonial government.

The governor, after despatching Lewis into Botetourte and Augusta counties to raise two regiments of riflemen; himself raised about one thousand troops among the old Virginians, east of the Blue ridge, for this expedition. With these men, he marched, by the old route in which Washington and Braddock had passed the Alleghanies. He marched up the Potomac to Cumberland, thence across, the remaining mountains, to Fort Pitt. Here, procuring boats, he descended the Ohio river to Wheeling, where he rested sometime, that is, several days, and concluded, to change his whole plan. Instead of meeting Lewis, at Point Pleasant, he determined to descend the Ohio to the mouth of the Hockhocking, ascend that stream to its rapids, and then strike off, westwardly, and reach the object of his ultimate destination, which was the Shawneetown, at the southern end of Pickaway Plains. In accordance with

this new plan of operations, the Earl and his army in one hundred canoes of all sizes, and a few boats of larger dimensions, left Wheeling and descended the Ohio to the mouth of the Hock hocking. Here leaving his water craft, and a guard to protect his flotilla, he and his army followed up the Hockhocking to near where the town of LOGAN now stands. Here he left the river, and passed over the summit between the Hockhocking and Scioto rivers, and reached the place of his destination. Within three miles of the Shawnee town, and a little east of south of it, Governor Dunmore encamped, in the woods, then, but now on the farm of George Wolf. Enclosing about twelve acres, with a strong breastwork of trees and logs, he named his camp CHARLOTTE, in honor of the then, young Queen of England. In the centre of this encampment a deep ditch was dug, the earth was thrown up, and logs were piled up, so as to render this spot of about one acre of ground, impregnable. In the centre of this citadel the Earl pitched his marquee for himself and the superior officers of his army.

The enemy sued for peace after the battle at Point Pleasant. Messengers met him, before he reached the place of his encampment, desiring peace, and after his strong camp was completed, the enemy became more and more importunate, to effect an object so necessary to his very existence. Dunmore was determined to grant a peace, but he was also determined to prevent being taken by surprise. He therefore permitted only eighteen warriors to enter his outer gate, at a time, where all their arms had to be deposited with a strong guard there constantly posted. When all things were arranged for the purpose, the council was opened by a powerful, and impressive speech, made by CORNPLANTER (not Cornstalk), who, in a tone of voice so loud, as to be heard over the whole encampment, of twelve acres of ground, by all the army, boldly charged the whites with being the sole cause of this bloody war. Logan, whose family had been all murdered, the preceding spring, partly on the Captina, and, partly at Baker's station, was in the Shawneetown, four miles south of where this is written. Though he would not attend on Dunmore's council, in person,

yet, being urged by the Indians, who were anxious to be relieved from Dunmore's army, he sent his speech, in a belt of wampum, to be delivered to Earl Dunmore, by a faithful interpreter. Under an oak on the farm of Mr. Wolf, this splendid effort of heart stirring eloquence was faithfully delivered by the person who carried the wampum. The oak tree, under which it was delivered to Lord Dunmore, still stands in a field, seven miles from Circleville, in a southern direction. An interpreter delivered it, sentence by sentence, and it was written as it was delivered. Its authenticity is placed beyond the shadow of a doubt, and it of right belongs, and forever will belong to the History of Ohio.

LOGAN'S SPEECH.

*

I appeal to any white man to say, if he ever entered Logan's cabin hungry, aud he gave him not meat; if he came naked and cold, and I clothed him not. During the last long and bloody war, Logan remained idle, in his cabin, an advocate for peace. Such was my love for the whites, that my countrymen, as they passed me, pointing at me, said, 'Logan is the friend of the whites.' I had thoughts of living among you but for the injuries of one man. Colonel Cresap, last spring, in cold blood, and unprovoked, murdered all the relations of Logan, not sparing even my women and children. There runs not one drop of my blood in the veins of any living creature. This called on me for revenge. I have sought it; I have killed many; I have fully glutted my vengeance. For my country I rejoice in the beams of peace. But, do not harbor the thought, that mine is the joy of fear. Logan never felt fear. He will not turn on his heel to save his life. Who is there to mourn for Logan? not one.

The terms of peace, were soon agreed upon, and a peace was

*Logan was misinformed in part, as to the murder; it was not Captain Cresap, but Daniel Greathouse who murdered a part of his family, at Baker's station, as we have related.

made. Prisoners were exchanged, and Dunmore returned to Virginia by the route in which he came.

We now return to Lewis and his army, marching up the Ohio, on its southern shore, to the mouth of the Hockhocking. Having reached this point, Dunmore's flotilla of boats, perogues and canoes, ferried Lewis and his troops across the Ohio river, and having halted here long enough to take a hearty meal, out of the provisions, here left by Dunmore, they rushed forward up the Hockhocking, along in Dunmore's trail, and they were rapidly approaching Camp Charlotte. During this rapid movement, of Lewis, he was met by messenger after messenger, from the Governor, ordering him to retreat, not to march forward. To these messages, neither Lewis nor any of his men, paid any attention. In those days "Virginia never tired." In addition to the exasperation which the loss of so many friends, in the late bloody action at the Point, had naturally produced in their minds; not a few of them had lost friends and relatives, who had been recently murdered by the Indians, at different places on the frontiers. They therefore pressed forward, determined on the destruction of the Pickaway towns, along the Scioto river; since, now, it was so entirely within their power. Lewis had now approached Camp Charlotte within a few miles, (on Thomas J. Winship's land,) where Dunmore and his principal officers, met Lewis, at the head of his troops. Here Dunmore in the presence of his officers, ordered Lewis and his army to retreat, and return to Point Pleasant. To this order, delivered in person, by the Governor, Lewis and his exasperated army, most reluctantly rendered obedience. Having sent Lewis back, Dunmore, tarried here, until his final arrangements were concluded with the Indians. What all those were, we neither know, nor have the means of certainly knowing, only by after events.

That Earl Dunmore, the last royal governor of Virginia, rendered himself excessively unpopular, by ordering Lewis back, is certain, and it hastened, his final abandonment of the colony, when he fled to a British fleet for protection, from his not very loving people. Whether his object, while at Camp

Charlotte, was to make the Indians friendly to the British crown, and unfriendly to the colonists, in case of a war between the two countries, which so soon followed this campaign, we can never know, with absolute certainty. We are well aware though, that GENERAL GEORGE WASHINGTON always did believe, that Dunmore's object was to engage the Indians to take up the tomahawk against the colonists, as soon as war existed between the colonies and England. So believed Chief Justice Marshall, as we know, from his own lips.

Thus ended, this campaign of Earl Dunmore, in November, 1774, by which, a cessation of hostilities was obtained, and a few prisoners were exchanged, but this was all. The unprovoked, cold blooded murders, at the mouth of Captina creek, and of the Indians who were encamped at the mouth of Great Yellow creek, within the now limits of Columbiana` county, Ohio, produced this war, which in the end cost many lives, as well as much money.

It appears, that the Indians knew the plan of Dunmore's campaign, and took the best means of defeating it. Their operations were so secretly managed, that Lewis knew of their approach only fifteen minutes before they attacked him. By hemming him into a corner, they intended to destroy Lewis and his army; and had that been effected, Lord Dunmore, with his thousand men, would, in all probability, have been destroyed also. CORNPLANTER intended to prevent the junction of Lewis and Dunmore. The Virginians, (with what truth we do not positively now know,) did believe, that Dunmore, while at Wheeling, received dispatches from his government, in which, he was instructed to patch up a peace with the Indians, and make them friendly to England, and unfriendly to the colonists. Those who thought so, said, hence, the change of his plan, in not joining Lewis, at Point Pleasant. That Dunmore had a good understanding with the principal Indian chiefs, before Lewis reached him near Charlotte, is certain, otherwise he would not have ordered Lewis back with a force, which might have been otherwise greatly needed.

Before Dunmore had reached the Ohio river the people about