hal your kynesse and I pra to conten so to (sic) god lord to me has my trost hes in you nesste god. I pra you to spake to my lord my hosbond and tha kyng gras for me, that hy ma haff tha bater levg be for he ko norward."

Another letter of the Duchess, wryten att Redbourne, the xxiij day of August," and addressed "To my very good frende maister secretary, and of the kynges moost honorable Counseille," is preserved in the MS. Cotton. Vesp. F. xi. p. 79. It is chiefly complimentary, on sending some venison; but a postscript in the Duchess's own handwriting entreats the Secretary's influence with her husband, in her usual strain, to obtain her "a better living." It was very probably addressed, like the others, to Cromwell, who was Secretary of State previously to being appointed Lord Privy Seal.

One other letter of the Duchess occurs in the former volume of the Cottonian collection. It is addressed to her brother, Lord Stafford, on a more pleasing subject than the foregoing.

"Good brother of Staffard, I commend me unto you, and wolde be very glad to hier of your helthe, and I preye thatt I may be harty commendyd to my good lady Stafford, and to show hir thatt hir dowtthers Sewssanne and Yane (4) ys yn good helthe and mery, and desyeryng your blessynges. Nevertheles this be, good brother, yf you send me any of your dawthers, I preyou to send me my nece Doraté, for I am well acquaynted whir condycion all redy, and so I am nott w' the others; and s[h]e ys yongest to, and, yf she be juyged therfor she is better to breke as consarnyng bir yowth. Thus I pray God to send your helthe, and as moche onnor (honour) as

much honour. I thank you, my lord, for all your kindness; and I pray [you] to continue so good lord to me, as my trust is in you next God. I pray you to speak to my lord my husband and the King's grace for me, that I may have the better living, before he go Northward."-The phrase "take it in worth" is shown to be what the writer meant by a passage in one of the other letters: "I sende you a pore (this word Nott has translated fair instead of

pour) presente of partrychys, of (xi) cockes and (one) hennys. I pray yowre lordschyppe take yt in worth. Yf I were abulle hytt schulde have bene betterr." ! Titus B. 1. p. 152.

y yold (would) myselff. Wretten at Red. borne the (blank)

[The preceding is not written in the Duchess's hand; but the remainder is. "by youre power (poor) "sister lovyeng

"E. NORFFOLK."

"Brorder, I pra you to sand me my ness Dorety, by kass I kno her, kou desess se sal not lake hass long hass I liffe, and se wold be hord by me at het haless skyat he be hone kyne tha faless drab and tone and not ben I had had her to my conffort."

That is, "Brother, I pray you to send me my niece Dorothy because I know her. (Should) you decease, she shall not lack as long as I live, and she would be hard by me, it has .... he be own kin (to) the false drab and . . not been I had had her to my comfort."

The letter is addressed, "To my loveyng brother my lord of Staffard."

The Duke of Norfolk died in 1554, and was succeeded by his grandson, the elder son of the accomplished Surrey.

The Duchess Elizabeth survived him. She died Nov. 30, 1558, and was buried in the Howard Chapel, Lambeth, where was formerly the following epitaph written by her brother, Henry Lord Stafford.

"GOOD DUCHESS OF NORFOLKE,
the Lord have mercy upon thee !
who died at Lambeth

the last of November 1558.
"Farewell, good lady and sister dere,
In erth we shall never mete here;
But yet, I trust, with Godis grace,
In heven we shall deserve a place;
Yet thy kindness shall nere depart
During my life out of my hart;
Thou wert to me both far and nere,
A mother, a sister, a frende most dere :
And to al thy frendes most sure and fast,
Whan fortune had sounded the froward
blast.

And to the powre a very mother,
More than was know to any other;
Which is thy tresure as this day,
And for thy sowle they hartily pray,
So I shall do that here remayne,
God thy sowle preserve from payne.

"By thy moste bounden brother

"HENRY LORD STAFFORD." The female effigy placed on the Duke's monument at Framlingham is, for the reasons mentioned in the previous memoir, p. 152, more probably a representation of the subject of our present notice, than of the Lady Anne

Howard. As few sepulchral figures of the period have hitherto been published, we have copied Mr. Howard's plate of it to accompany the present article.

It has been already noticed that in one of her letters the Duchess states that she had had five children, but the names of two of them are not known. The others were,

Henry Earl of Surrey, the Poet, whose Life has been written by Dr. Nott, and from whom all the existing branches of the Howard family (with the exception of the Effingham branch) are descended.

Mary Duchess of Richmond, the wife of Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond and Somerset, K.G. natural son of Henry VIII. (See Chamberlain's Holbein Heads.)

Thomas Viscount Bindon, whose branch became extinct with his younger son the third Viscount in 1610.

and untenable.

The tales of the vulgar relative to spirits and apparitions, to works performed by the devil, to fairies and hobgoblins, to haunted buildings, forests, pools, and streams have been recorded by writers of all ages, and may be traced in their origin even to the classic times. The cause of these fictions is, perhaps, the traditional knowledge of the fact that the creation of Almighty God is peopled by beings beyond the limited power of mortal intelligence and vision

"Millions of spiritual creatures walk the earth,

Unseen both when we wake and when we sleep,"

to entertain which notion is superstitious only when we believe that such agents are permitted to disturb the evidence of our senses "with

thoughts beyond the reaches of our souls." It is a safe article of belief to

* Paradise Lost, book 14, line 677.

feel assured that Providence does not suffer the course of nature to be altered by supernatural appearances and effects without some great and general purpose; such was the attestation of revealed truths by miraculous works.

Chaucer makes his Wife of Bath speak of the universality of spiritual agencies in the olden time. "In the olde dayes of the King Artour, Of which that Britons speken gret honour, All was this lond fulfilled of faërie, The Elf Quene with her joly compagnie Danced ful oft in many a grene mede, This was the old opinion as I rede, I speke of many hundred yeres ago, But now can no man see non elves mo.t"

It is added, with infinite humour, that these elfin beings have been displaced by the mendicant friars"For ther as wont to walken was an elf, There walketh now the limitour himself."

It is easy to shew that the early ages cannot be vindicated from the charge of superstition, nor is it indeed expedient that they should; for the romance of history would thereby lose one of its most poetical be deprived of the magnificent and features. Shakspere himself would awful machinery which accompanies so many of his finest dramas.

book as Brand's Observations on PopuA slight reference to so common a lar Antiquities, will sufficiently confirm what I have here said on the subject of popular superstitions.

The more immediate object of this communication is to put on its just basis the suggestion of J. P. which, by a singular but altogether fortuitous coincidence, in your last number followed my account of the Devil's Dyke in Cambridgeshire, namely, that the term Devil's Dyke was not given to

Wife of Bath's Tale. How sublimely is the power of these supernatural ministers described by Prospero in the Tempest ! By whose aid, [dimm'd Weak masters though you be, I have beThe noontide sun, call'd forth the mutinous winds,

And 'twixt the green sea and the azur'd vault Set roaring war, to the dread rattling thunder Have I given fire, and rifted Jove's stout oak With his own bolt; the strong based pro. [up Have I made shake, and by the spurs pluck'd The pine and cedar,"

montory

that and other works by the vulgar as ascribing their formation to supernatural agency, but that the term is a mere corruption of the British word Diphwys, meaning a steep place or precipice.

Now, to overlook the fact that there is very small affinity in sound in this word where the w has the power of the double o, with the Saxon word Deople, and the great improbability that a general term should be applied by the Saxons drawn from the old British tongue to objects which they wished to distinguish as remarkable, the utter inapplicability of the word, in the sense of steep, to many of those objects, must be a sufficient refutation of the etymology offered by J. P.

How will the British word signify ing a steep precipice or profundity be applicable to upright stones, and other objects by no means to be classed under such a description? Four huge stones, of an upright form, near Boroughbridge, in Yorkshire, are called the Devil's Bolts or Arrows, as having been projected from the bow of the arch-fiend. Three upright stones at Stanton Harcourt in Oxfordshire are called the Devil's Quoits, the disks he is supposed to have used at the game. The term devil's highway, given to many roads of the Romans in Britain, is of too frequent occurrence to need particular specification. It may be added to my notes on the Devil's Dyke that there is a huge artificial mound at Thetford, formed, the country people say, by the devil scraping his shoes after he had dug his dyke on Newmarket Heath.

I do not consider the derivation given by your correspondent for the Devil's Punch Bowl on the Portsmouth Road by any means happy, diphwys, steep, pul, a bowl or hollow place. This huge bowl being found empty, some jovial sailor travelling, I suppose, on the Portsmouth coach, added the punch.

Indeed, I have always considered the appellation above mentioned for Hind-head Hill as a mere jest of no remote origin, and never had the slightest suspicion of its British pretensions. J. P. himself recognizes in it some facetious adulteration of his British ingredients.

The coarse appellation given to the

Peak Cavern in Derbyshire, would be reduced to nonsense if for the term devil the word diphwys were substituted as an adjective. Instances might be multiplied ad infinitum to shew that our ancestors did really apply the term devil, in its plain acceptation, to certain remarkable objects, natural or artificial; it is therefore, I suggest, the very hypercriticism of etymology to divert so plain a circumstance into a conjecture altogether hypothetical.

In speaking of Graham's Dyke, I should not have omitted to mention the rampart called Grimsditch, crossing the Roman Road from Old Sarum to Dorchester.

I am happy to observe that in the Additions to Camden's Britannia by Gibson a hint is afforded in corroboration of my suggestion that the Devil's Dyke in Cambridgeshire may be a Roman work. "It is said that in digging through the Devil's Ditch on Newmarket Heath, near Ixning, they met with some ancient pieces. If they are still preserved, it is probable they would afford us some light who were the authors of that vast work. A late author has affirmed that they bore the inscriptions of divers Roman emperors, but upon what authority I know not."*

The day may not be far distant when the Roman origin of this stu pendous fortification may be demonstrated to greater certainty; but, however that may be, it will still retain the mysterious appellation conferred on it by popular superstition.

Yours, &c. A. J. K.

MR. URBAN, Colchester, Jan. 14. YOUR Correspondent J. P. has boldly asserted that Arundel is the site of the ancient city Anderida, and that the wood takes its name from this place. I applaud the enthusiasm of the writer, but, through fear that some of the readers of your widely circulated Magazine may place too much reliance on his authority, I will endeavour to invalidate his statement.

J. P. maintains that the word Anderida is synonymous with Arundel, and that the word takes its name from the place. And if I can shew that Arundel and Anderida are derived from

* Gibson's Camden, p. 379.