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IF ANY large school system has developed a closer contact with the community than is found in Dayton, Ohio, this magazine has not discovered it. The director of publications is here seen preparing to supply the official periodical, School Progress, to every family represented in any school

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EDUCATIONAL REVIEW

JANUARY, 1928

MONTHLY MENTION OF MATTERS OF MOMENT
THE EDITOR

RAPID review of an American School System: Dayton, Ohio. Three times have I visited the schools of Dayton, Ohio, always looking for good things; never disappointed. I can not give a comprehensive account of the work of their schools. The magazine is not large enough. You ought to enjoy these features which I have selected.

"Today," said my guide, "I want you to see how the influence of our schools is extending far beyond the walls of the traditional class-room."

He took me then to a church and explained the work of the Week-Day Schools of Religious Education. For some years there had been an insistent demand that the pupils in the public schools have some opportunity for religious instruction, outside of the Sunday School. Finally, in 1921, the Board of Education of Dayton voted to coöperate with the Council of Churches in trying out the experiment, in two schools, of allowing the pupils an hour a week for instruction in religious education. This was done with the provision that the instruction could not be given in the school houses, that the teachers in every particular should meet the standards of the teachers in the public schools, and that the taking of the work must be entirely voluntary. This experiment was so successful that it is now, apparently, a permanent adjunct of the school system. This year in the Dayton system, which includes a few of the suburban schools, nearly 13,000 pupils are enrolled in these

classes. There are nineteen teachers working full time, who give this work in religious education. The subject is not presented in a haphazard manner, for the director, Miss Blanche Carrier, a graduate in Religious Education from Boston University, has written a book, The Kingdom of Love, which is used by all the teachers of religion in presenting this subject. The classes are held in nearby churches which have coöperated to the extent of giving the pupils the benefit of the most up-to-date school equipment. The methods of teaching are equal to those of a progressive public school. All of the modern devices which are found in public school classrooms these days are in evidence in the classes in religious education.

The director said that they had many evidences that the instruction given carried over into the daily life of the boys and girls. In one of the eighth grades there was a class election of officers. When the election was over, one of the boys said, "We know that this election has had some crooked work in it. I move that we throw away these ballots, and vote again honestly." The class agreed. The next week they told the teacher of religious education that "It was the lesson on Jesus having the courage to defy the wrong in the temple that made us think we should have the courage to defy the wrong in the election."

Service for Shut-ins.-"Now," said my guide, "having 'got religion,' we will show

you another way in which we have broken school boundaries. We will see our 'Home Teachers' at work in Dayton."

When these teachers start for their duties in the morning they go, instead of to a school house, directly to the homes of sick and handicapped children. They radiate good cheer, happiness, and sympathy. And they succeed wonderfully well in teaching the "fundamentals." They are messengers of hope to these little shut-ins. The work started in a small way.

About four years ago several pupils who were badly crippled or otherwise physically handicapped, could not attend school, nor could they go to the school for crippled children. A teacher was engaged who went. to their homes and gave them bedside instruction. This work has grown until, during the past year, nearly one hundred received this home work. Some of the cases are orthopedic, some have heart trouble, and others are suffering with epilepsy. Whatever the cause may be, if they are more or less permanently disabled, they receive this bedside instruction. The regular Dayton course of study is followed. One of the boys who was so badly crippled that he had never been able to attend regular classes will receive a high school diploma this coming June through the efforts of his home teacher. Another boy who is now in the seventh grade is, according to his home teacher, of such an unusually inventive nature that his teacher feels that he will, some day, make a name for himself. As the physical condition of any of these pupils improves sufficiently to allow them to go to school, they may do so without loss of school time. Nine of the children who were taught by home teachers last year entered their regular classes this year without loss of a single day of class work.,

Children in Dayton have not a chance to escape from school, because if they can not go to school, the school goes to them.

A John Patterson Idea.-My friend insisted I must observe the work of the Coöperative High School. This is another

illustration of the way the Dayton schools are leaving the confines of the school room and carrying their work to the community.

I found that this high school was started in 1913 through the activity and coöperation of John H. Patterson, the founder and former president of the National Cash Register Company. This high school, with an enrollment of 230, is coöperating at present with thirty-five industries and firms in Dayton. The relatively small number enrolled in this school is explained by the very high standards of scholastic achievement required for entrance. The boys and girls who wish to enroll in this school must have completed two years of regular high school work, with no average in any subject less than "B." After enrolling in this school, which operates forty-eight weeks in the year, the student attends school two weeks and works in some establishment two weeks. Thus it is essential, if he is to complete his high school work on schedule time, for him to be an unusually good student. Nor is a boy accepted permanently in the Coöperative High School, no matter how high his scholastic standing, until his mechanical ability has been thoroughly tested and observed. As a result the school mortality in this department for all causes, including health, moving out of the city, death, etc., over a period of fourteen years has been less than seven per cent. This school not only gives these boys an excellent vocational training, but it makes it possible for many boys to continue in school because while doing so they have an opportunity to be partially self-supporting. Eighty-seven per cent. of all the teachers are former tradesmen and engineers who have taken special teacher training work and have met the requirements for Smith-Hughes teachers. I discovered that over thirty per cent. of the boys who graduate from this Coöperative High School go to engineering colleges. The graduates of this school are now attending successfully among others, Cornell, Cincinnati, Ohio State, Purdue, and Pennsylvania universities. Claire Sharkey, principal of this Coöperative High School, says that the test of the

efficiency of this school is to be found in the record of its graduates extending over a period of thirteen years. An examination of the list of these graduates and the positions they are holding, shows that an unusually large number of them are now in important, responsible executive positions. Although the list is entirely too long to give in any detail, a few of them seem to be outstanding. Lewis Larson is head of the Technical Section of the Service Department of the Delco; Robert Morris is one of the leading salesmen of the National Cash Register Company in Los Angeles, Ray Haller is head of the die-making Department of the Wadsworth Watch Company, Edward Maloney is head of a big department of the United States Patent Office in Washington, Archie Johnson is a power plant Engineer with the Cincinnati Traction Company, and William Biddle is head of the radio division of the Wm. Hall Electric Company. These boys and many others have been very successful in the work they have taken up following their graduation from the Coöperative High School. They are all following lines in which they were trained when in this school.

Dayton's publicity service leads the country. -When my guide and I arrived at headquarters I visited the Bureau of Publications, which might be better named the Bureau of Public Relations, directed by Miss Elizabeth Kennedy. This department really heads up the endeavor of the Dayton schools to get closer to the people. This work, under Miss Kennedy, has taken in a great deal more territory than was ever anticipated in the beginning. This department last year edited nine issues of School Progress, prepared all the copy for three pamphletsWhat Dayton High Schools Offer You, a thirty-two page illustrated booklet describing courses offered in the high schools, Industrial Arts in the Dayton Public Schools, a brief sketch of the work of this department, a catalogue of the Grace A. Greene Normal School, and an illustrated Directory of the Dayton Public Schools for the State Teachers

Convention-and acted as consulting editor in all official publications of the Board of Education. This includes the annual reports of the Board of Education officers, and the printing of all courses of study. Miss Kennedy is a busy woman. She is also the official public "fixer." She represents the Superintendent in all civic committees, and has charge of conducting all campaigns may their number grow rapidly less-in schools. During this year she has had charge of the work for the Community Chest, Fire-Prevention Week, Thrift Week, Safety-First Week, and the Municipal Dog Show. This department also has charge of all campaigns for school support, such as bond issue campaigns, etc., all newspaper feature publicity goes through her hands—a very valuable and delicate task. The director is a liaison officer with the public. This department marks a direct attempt to bring the schools of Dayton closer to the people who support them and who are paying for them. My guide, before I left, insisted that I should know that, just because he had shown to me these three or four features, I was not to assume that "Readin', Writin', 'Rithmetic" and the other "fundamentals' were being neglected. He said, and he had the appearance of telling the truth, that they are receiving increased emphasis every day, just as they are in nearly every school system in the United States.

When I finished talking with Miss Kennedy I thought my visit was over. But it was not. My guide insisted that I attend a dedication of a new school that evening. They do work nights in Dayton. I attended with mental reservations, expecting to hear as I have many times, some learned pedagogue confuse the audience on the "true meaning" of education. Instead of that, after the eight minute preliminaries staged by the President of the Board of Education and the Superintendent, the building was dedicated to the children by the children themselves. After all, why not? It is their building, isn't it? Although the program is too long to give you in detail you may be interested in this dedicatory speech, written and

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