LEEDS SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. A School of Medicine has been established at Leeds, and is to open on the 25th of October. Several respectable physicians and surgeons have undertaken to deliver courses of lectures, for the benefit of students. DISSENTERS' SCHOOL.-At Silcoats, near Wakefield, in Yorkshire, an institution has been established for the purpose of providing an adequate education, at a cheap rate, for the sons of Dissenting Ministers, of the Independent denomination, in Yorkshire and Lancashire. The head master, who has been recently appointed, is the Rev. Ebenezer Miller, A.M. of the University of Glasgow, and formerly classical tutor of the Blackburn Independent College. BOTANY.-A Botanic Garden has been established at Manchester, and is already so far advanced as to afford great facilities for extending improved varieties of culinary vegetables and fruits, and for the education of a superior description of gardeners. The gentlemen of the neighbourhood have been most liberal in their support of this establishment, to which very considerable donations of trees, plants, and books have been made. MILITIA SCHOOL.-In the Cavan Militia a school is established for the education of soldiers' sons. They are taught to read and write, and the common rules of arithmetic: they are instructed in the principles of the Christian religion, and the duties of morality; are paraded with the men every Sunday, and marched with them to their respective places of worship. On Saturday the master has the boys prepared for examination, and any officer who chooses to attend may examine them. They are furnished with a leather cap, a jacket, and two pairs of cloth trousers annually. The expense of this establishment is defrayed by a very trifling subscription among the officers, in the following proportions:-field-officers, 8s. per month; captains, 6s. ; lieutenants, 3s.; ensigns, 2s.; and with this slender fund they are enabled to clothe and educate forty boys. SCOTTISH UNIVERSITIES.-The following is the number of degrees granted by the Scottish Universities for the last thirty-one years : EXPENSE OF PRINTING A BOOK.-The taxes on books consist of the duties on paper and advertisements, and the eleven copies given to public libraries. The first are as follow: First-class paper (including all printing paper) 0 Second ditto. Glazed paper, millboard, &c. Pasteboard, first class. Ditto, second class 11⁄2 per lb. 0 per cwt. These duties produced last year (1830) 665,872l. 5s. 8d. of net revenue. The regulations and penalties under which they are charged and collected are about the most complicated, vexatious, and oppressive of any in the excise-laws. On an average, the duties amount to from 20 to 30 per cent. of the cost of the paper and pasteboard used in the printing and boarding of books. Heavy, however, as these duties certainly are, they are light compared with those laid on advertisements. A duty of 3s. 6d. is charged on every advertisement, long or short, inserted in the Gazette, or in any newspaper, or any work published in numbers or parts; and as the charge, exclusive of duty, for inserting an advertisement of the ordinary length in the newspapers, rarely exceeds 3s. or 4s., the duty adds fully 100 per cent. to its cost. And as it is quite as necessary to the sale of a work that it should be advertised as that it should be printed, the advertisement duty may be justly regarded as an ad valorem duty of 100 per cent. on the material of a most important manufacture. Had this duty furnished a large revenue, something might have been found to say in its favour; but even this poor apology for oppressive exaction cannot be urged in its behalf. It is exorbitant without being productive. Last year (1830) it produced 157,482l. 7s. 4d. in Great Britain, and 16,3371. 14s. in Ireland, making together 173,8211. 1s. 4d., of which miserable pittance we believe we may safely affirm, a full third was derived from advertisements of books. But the real operation of the duties on books will be best learned from the following statements, to which we invite the attention of our readers. They have been drawn up by the first practical authority in London, and the fullest reliance may be placed on their correctness. They refer to an octavo volume of 500 pages, printed on respectable paper, to be sold by retail for 12s. a copy. Estimate of the cost of such a volume when 500, 750, and 1000 copies are printed, showing what part of this cost consists of taxes. Profit to Author and Publisher, Commis sion, Interest on Capital, &c., when all 150 12 3 are sold The following statement shows the operation of the duties on a pamphlet of five sheets, or eighty pages, of which 500 copies are printed. INDEX. Bachelors of Divinity, Law, and Medi- Bagnoli, of Pisa, notice of, 50. Berlin University, King of Prussia's Bessarabia, order of the Emperor Ni- cholas concerning the schools of, 388. Bohemia, state of education in, 383. Bonn, statistics of the University of, Books, expenses of printing, 393. Breslau, statistics of the University of, Bristol College, notice of inaugural British intelligence respecting educa- Cæsar's Commentaries, advantages of Calculators, precocious, not distinguished Campagna of Rome, depopulation of, Candidates for degree of B.A., mode of Cantini, Carlo, anecdote of, 66. Catholic children, attendance of, in 240. Cavan militia school, account of, 392. Ciampi of Tuscany, notice of, 53. College education at Oxford, system of, Collegio Tolemei, at Siena, 55. Conybeare, Rev. W. D., notice of his 391. Cooper, Rev. Mr. notice of History of Corsini, Prince, notice of, 58. Dacier's Translation of Plutarch's Lives, Darley's System of popular Geometry, De Angelis, of Siena, notice of, 50. Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, answers Dissenters' School in Yorkshire, estab-` Divinity, examination for degrees in, at Domenichi, L., Translation of Plutarch's Dymock's Abridgment of Goldsmith's Ecbatana, site of, 305. Ecclesiastical schools of France, account Ecclesiastics of Tuscany, course of edu- Ecoles des Arts et Métiers, account of, 92. Education at Oxford, facilities afforded Education, state of in France, 83, et seq. review of, 282, et seq. Endowments at Oxford, evils arising Examination statute of Oxford, profi- Examiners for degrees at Oxford, dis- Exhibitions at Oxford, advantages of, Female Education in Tuscany, state of, Fioravanti, of Florence, notice of, 50. Fresnoy's Geography for Children, no- Gaultier's Course of Geography, notice Gazzeri, Professor, notice of, 71. Geography of Ancient Asia, review of Georgia, state of education in, 191. Gino Capponi, Marquis, notice of, 57. Görres, Professor, religious opinions of, Göttingen Library, account of, 215, et 223. Göttingen, statistics of the University Greece, state of education in, 185. |