other Burgesse for the sayd towne, the sayd Assembly The Lord Warden was Sir William Brook, Mr. Wilks states that the member recommended was afterwards better known as Sir Thomas Bodley, the munificent founder of the Bodleian Library, Oxford. In the succeeding Parliament, 1586, the members chosen for Hythe were John Smyth, of Westernhanger, gent., and William Dalmyngton, jurat, so that Sir Thomas Bodley's connexion with Hythe was of brief duration. Sandgate, Kent. R. J. FYNMORE. 66 'N. & Q.' ANAGRAM. (See 9th S. x. 185.)Notes and Queries-reasoned inquest. This anagram-in the "general sense" of the word inquest (N.E.D.,' s.v. 3+ b and c), a search or investigation in order to find something; ......a research ;......inquiry or investigation into something"-is proposed as even more apt, because more comprehensive, than "a question-sender." C. P. PHINN. Watford. DAGGER MONEY. ing, the Mayor, addressing Mr. Justice Channell, Queries. WE must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that the answers may be addressed to them direct. WALTON AND COTTON CLUB. -Forty years ago several questions were asked under this heading (see 3rd S. i. 273). The then Editor himself answered all the questions except the first, which was, Can any of your readers BURIAL CUSTOM AT ARDOCH.-Perhaps this inform me whether this Club is still in pagan survival may be interesting :existence?" Being the happy owner of the Editor as quite a rare book of the rules, described by the said gem," I ask to be allowed to repeat the unanswered question. If, as I fear, it is a fact that the Club has ceased to exist, I should like to be informed when and why it did. STAPLETON MARTIN. "We are authorized to state that while opening a grave in the Ardoch graveyard the other day, the gravedigger came upon a decayed coffin in which were bones and a pint bottle containing liquid. The gravedigger, being a teetotaler, could make nothing of it, until a neighbour with more pronounced olfactory nerves scented the 'rale Mackay,' upon which the lad of the pick and shovel offered to hand it round. Some years ago a grave was found to contain a skeleton and a well-filled tobacco pouch, so that, it may be presumed, Ardoch in former days not only fed ye here,' but gave ye something to carry ye ower the brae.""-Strathearn Herald, 8 Nov., 1902. · IBAGUÉ. LODONA. Pope's myth of the nymph Lodona in Windsor Forest' is evidently founded on that of Syrinx in Ovid's Metamorphoses' (i. 12), the scene of which was the river Ladon (a tributary of the Alpheius, now called Ruféa), in Arcadia. But it is scarcely accurate of the late Dr. Cobham Brewer, in his 'Reader's Handbook,' to say "Lodona is an affluent of the Thames for some would not recognize in the word the river Loddon, which flows into the Thames at Wargrave, after passing near Binfield, where Pope wrote several of his early poems and part of Windsor Forest' itself. W. T. LYNN. The Firs, Norton, Worcester. ANNIE OF THARAU.-I should be much obliged if one of your correspondents could tell me whether Aennchen von Tharau was a real person, or if there is any legend connected with her. I know, of course, the German ballad to her by Helder, and that he took the subject from an older Northern one; also that Longfellow has made a translation of it. I should be grateful if your correspondents could tell me the date when she "flourished" or of the legend. are an allusion, accidental or implied, to the refrain in Charles Kingsley's well-known poem of The Three Fishers.' I presume the allusion is obvious, and that in all probability Lord Tennyson regarded it as such. J. LUTTRELL PALMER. [See 9th S. x. 247.] BURKE. Is there evidence that Burke's father was ever a Catholic? Is not Mr. Morley certainly in error when stating that Burke's wife had been a Catholic? Her father was a Catholic, her mother a Presbyterian-which latter was her religion, just as, Burke's father being the Protestant and his mother the Catholic, he resulted in a Protestant. W. F. P. STOCKLEY. Ottawa. [See also 'Mixed Marriages,' 9th S. x. 447.] KIEFF, KIEV, KIEW.-How ought this word to be spelt? Are we right, or the French, or the Germans, for all three nations spell it in a different way? In England, however, the first two forms are used, the first being the more frequent. One would think that a reference to the Russian spelling should decide the matter at once; but here a difficulty seems to present itself. For in Russian the word is spelt Kiev+the mute hard sign, which the French call -ierre. Of this letter Motté, who names it -oh-, says : "The hard semi-vowel (oh or ierre) has now no sound whatever, but it serves to give to the consonant that precedes it a strong and harsh pronunciation as though this were double. Before oh (or ierre) a weak consonant has always the sound of its corresponding strong, thus v=ph." I avoid giving the Russian characters, as I have never seen them printed in 'N. & Q.,' though I should be very pleased to immortalize myself by being the first to introduce them there. Then Motté goes on to give as an example of his rule Krov+oh Kroff (a roof). If this is correct, then Kieff would be the right spelling, and Fuchs, who wrote a Russian grammar for French students, seems to agree. The real truth appears to be that the French, with their quick sense of what is elegant, have followed the Latin word Kiovia, while we have chosen the uncouth but more accurate form Kieff. Gibbon, it is to be noted, calls the town Kiow. T. P. ARMSTRONG. REV. SAMUEL FISHER. - Information is desired concerning the Rev. Samuel Fisher, called a minister, I think, of the Baptist Church, located in Norwich some time prior to 1813 possibly the latter part of_the eighteenth century. E. D. Bridgeport, Conn., U.S. HERALDIC SHIELDS: THEIR ORIGIN. — I should like to ask students of heraldry if the origin of heraldic shields has been ascertained. There has seemed to me some reason to suspect they have been evolved from scenes representing ancient methods of worship, especially the worship of the sacred tree. For example, on one of the Assyrian cylinders we see in the centre the conventionalized tree, on each side a winged human figure holding up a hand towards the tree in worship, and above the tree the winged disc of deity. have thus a central object, two supporters, and a symbol in the position of the crest. There are similar designs in the Temple of Athene at Priene; in St. Mark's, Venice in India, Mexico, and elsewhere. speak in entire ignorance of heraldry. C. CALLAWAY. Montpellier Villas, Cheltenham. We But PRINCESS CHARLOTTE - In Mrs Bagot's book of recollections lately published it is stated, on the authority of "Mrs. Martin," that when the autopsy was made upon the body of the Princess Charlotte (daughter of George IV.), it was found that she "had a M. L. WILLIAMS. Q. V. [Our correspondent has, of course, seen what is said in the 'H.E.D.' on the various senses of "in terview," including the reference to Mr. M'Cul lagh.] JAPANESE MONKEYS.- My cousin has a parasol stick on which three monkeys are carved. One has his paws covering his eyes; those of the second stop his ears; whilst the third places them over his mouth. This has been stated to mean that these animals can neither see, hear, nor speak evil, and I am told that there is a legend about this. For the legend, or for a statement where it can be found, I shall be much obliged. FRANK REDE FOWKE. 24, Netherton Grove, Chelsea, S.W. LADY MARY PRINCE.-This lady, a widow was living or lodging in the Savoy in 1623. I should be glad to learn who she was. she widow of one of the Shropshire Princes? LOBUC. Was Brown's entertaining recent book, 'Mr. Glad- Blackheath. ROOKWOOD AND HIS RIDE.-In the Daily Telegraph of 13 November, 1902, mention is made of Ambrose Rookwood and his ride on the discovery of the Gunpowder Plot. Is it known whether Harrison Ainsworth took this incident and the name of the personage as the basis of his novel of Rookwood,' attributing the ride to Dick Turpin, and making the performance as animal instead of several; or is it merely a coincidence? EDWARD LATHAM. 61, Friends' Road, East Croydon. [See also p. 5.] on one "MOTOR."-As the Daily Graphic has asked for a good synonym for the above and its combinations, I have ventured to suggest whiz-gig," as being both expressive and suitable. I know the name has been applied to a toy, but that would not much matter, as the latter is little known, if not extinct, and there could be no confusion between the two things. What do other readers of N. & Q.' think of the suggestion? PEDESTRIAN. Oxford. SMUGGLING. "Not a rush is Lord Liverpool or his angry TINTAGEL CHURCH.-In Cassell's 'Gazet-philippic against Folkstone cared for-he may go on to wish Folkstone blotted from the map of Kent, teer' we are told that the church of what is that it was sunk in the sea, or gone to the D--1, now called the parish of Tintagel, from the because a nest of detestable smugglers," &c. famous castle (the reputed birthplace of the From MS. notes by Mr. James Jenkin, a reflower of kings, who, however, probably really tired stockbroker, living at Folkestone about was of North Britain), is called St. Sym- 1821. Is not the above a parallel phrase to phorian's. Now Symphorian was a legendary that used some years ago in regard to Ireland Gallic saint, supposed to have been martyred R. J. FYNMORE. under the Emperor Aurelian. But in Crockford, as well as in Kelly's Directory of Cornwall,' the patron saint is given as S. Materiana, whoever that lady may have been. (In the Clergy List,' however, the name of S. Symphorian is erroneously spelt Simphorian.) How is this discrepancy to be explained? Happening to read Mr. Robert Sandgate, Kent. INSCRIPTION AT WINTRINGHAM.-The following is copied from an oak tablet hanging against the north respond of Wintringham Church, East Yorkshire: "I John Lister of Lintone in ye county of York Esquir sone & heair of St John Lister of Kingston upon Hull Kn was born y 26 of March 1608 & died the 30th of March 1651 & was buried in this church of Wintringham. Is't possible did not this star appear Learn hence we may that none so fixed is Can any of your correspondents say by whom the above was written? It is thought by some of the villagers to be by Andrew Marvell, M.P. for Hull. Royal Institution, Hull. WILLIAM ANDREWS. Replies. DESCENDANTS OF ELIZABETHAN WORTHIES. (9th S. x. 208, 310, 433.) WE are told at the last reference that William Hawkins, Professor of Poetry at Oxford 1751-6, was a descendant of Sir John Hawkins ('D.N.B.,' xxv. 212); and statements to the like effect may be found in several books; for instance, in the History of Pembroke College' (Oxford Hist. Soc., 1897), p. 379. The professor was son of William Hawkins, the serjeant-at-law, about whose father I sent some notes, printed at 9th S. vi. 188; vii. 154. The matters there stated led me to infer tentatively that the serjeant's father was the John Hawkins who, when he was admitted to the Inner Temple on 18 October, 1672, was described as de Mortlake in comitatu Surrie, generosus." The theory that the serjeant was descended from Sir John Hawkins appears to rest upon the supposition that John Hawkins, the serjeant's father, who settled at Great Milton, Oxfordshire, about 1682, was identical with John, born 1643, son of John Hawkins (of Slapton, Devon), and grandson of Sir Richard Hawkins, the voyager, who died in 1622. See "The Hawkins' Voyages' (Hakluyt Soc., 1878), p. 1. Can any reader tell us whether there is good evidence which either supports or refutes this supposition? The following 66 matters make me incline to doubt its accuracy: 1. William Hawkins, Esq., J.P. for Surrey, died 31 January, 1677 ( 1677/8), aged fiftythree, and was buried at Mortlake (Manning and Bray's Surrey,' iii. 308). He was, presumably, the William Hawkins, Esq., of Mortlake, Surrey, whose will, dated 6 October, 1677, was proved 11 February, 1677/8, P. C. C. 14 Reeve. It appears from the will that the testator had property in Westminster, and was entitled to the rents of "houses in ffoxes' ordinary, London." He appointed, as his sole executor, "John Hawkins, my only brother John Hawkins his son," and, as trustees and overseers of the will, "Mr. Simon Smyth, of the city of Westminster, merchant, and Mr. Richard Hawkins, in the Old Bayley neare Ludgate, scry vener." John Hawkins, the executor, was under twenty-eight years of age at the date of the will, which provided that, until he reached that age, he was to have a chamber reserved for him in the testator's house at Mortlake, and also that care was to be taken "to purchase a chamber in the Temple for him to practise in " The will mentions the testator's wife; also his "sister Bowles," and Henry, Mary, and Hannah, her children by her former husband Henry Kem (?); and Hester, Mary, Anne, and Susan, daughters of the testator's dead brother John. 2. The above reference to "a chamber in the Temple" leads me now to suggest that John Hawkins, the testator's nephew and executor, may have been the father of William Hawkins, the serjeant-at-law. If he was the serjeant's father, it is difficult to how the supposed descent from Sir Richard Hawkins can be admitted, because :— see (a) The serjeant's father, if he was under twenty-eight years of age in October, 1677, was born several years later than 1643, the year in which John, grandson of Sir Richard Hawkins, is said to have been born. (b) Sir Richard Hawkins does not seem to have had any son named William (see 'D.N.B.,' XXV. 223, 225); and, moreover, William Hawkins, the above testator, who died in 1677/8, aged fifty-three, cannot have been son of Sir Richard, who died in 1622. H. C. Sandgate, Kent. beth Raleigh, grand daughter of the Famed the above statements in regard to the known Sr Walter Raleigh," described, in the certificate transposing of the whole piece are most that she was buried in woollen, 29 October, important. The admitted expansion of the 1716, as being the daughter of Mr. Philipp episode of 'Levina' must not be overlooked. Rawleigh, of Westminster. She would, how- Dr. Baird states in the most emphatic ever, I assume, be great-granddaughter. manner that nearly 200 lines of it are R. J. FYNMORE. entirely Logan's. Nor can it be doubted that Mackelvie would have utilized these lines as convincing proof of the correctness of his case on behalf of Bruce, had they, as they to them, been in his so-called "first sketch." now stand, or even the slightest resemblance For he has printed part of the germ of the episode taken from Bruce's MS. But although many of his statements are too indefinite to be of much value, one cannot imagine that he would have neglected to take advantage, and make the utmost use, of a point so important as this. Writing of the two versions of 'Levina,' he says: 66 ARMIGEROUS FAMILIES (9th S. x. 509). What does H. M. mean? A family which has "used the same arms since the time of Edward III." is evidently "armigerous." It is more than that. In any other country in the world it would be classed as noble." D. MICHAEL BRUCE AND BURNS (9th S. vii. 466; viii. 70, 148, 312, 388, 527; ix. 95, 209, 309, 414, 469, 512; x. 69, 130, 449).—The parallelism to which allusion has already been made was thus introduced to the notice of his readers by Dr. Mackelvie : "Before advancing any claims in behalf of Bruce to these pieces [several of the disputed ones, including Levina'], we beg to advert to internal evidence which seems to favour Logan. The only piece in his collection bearing any resemblance to the historical ballad in which Bruce is known to have excelled, is 'A Tale,' beginning, Where Pastoral Tweed renowned in Song,' one stanza of which is as follows: The picture of her mother's youth And apple of his eye. In the episode of 'Levina' in Bruce's 'Lochleven' The perfect picture of her mother's youth, "These are not accidental coincidences of thought. They are either the production of the same mind, or borrowed by one writer from another. Our firm conviction is that both are the composition of Michael Bruce. The first draught of 'Lochleven' is now before us, containing the germ of the episode claimed for Logan, and the only difference between it and the one in the printed edition is, that in the former Bruce makes his hero a giant, in the latter a hunter, and expands the episode to a length disproportioned to the poem. Dr. Mackelvie adds:- "If, because the printed version is somewhat different from the original draught, it is inferred that Logan altered it, then it must be inferred that he altered the whole poem; for it happens that there is as great a difference in the whole, as in this particular part. Many verses are omitted which are, and many verses are added which are not, in the first sketch. The writer has transposed the whole."-Par. 87. Taken along with the internal evidence already presented to readers of N. & Q.,' "We shall place the opening stanzas of both in juxtaposition. The printed version begins as follows:Low by the lake, as yet without a name." Then follow eleven lines, the last being the all-important one, The perfect picture of her mother's youth. Dr. Mackelvie also placed before his readers 66 first the opening fourteen lines of the draught." Of these lines, all except the first, which is identical with that given above, bear but slight resemblance to those in the poem as originally published. The last two lines are those which refer to Levina : His daughter fair Levina, often there Tended the flow'rs-herself a sweeter flow'r. Dr. Mackelvie, having on the preceding page to that on which the above quotations occur expressed his "firm conviction" that A Tale' and 'Levina' were Bruce's, seriously invalidates his conviction by printing this portion of Levina' as it appears in the two versions. Had the lines upon which his conviction was based been before him in the "first sketch," it cannot be conceived that Dr. Mackelvie would have failed to print them also, so that he might clinch this part of his argument by pointing to them in print as conclusive proof that the “draught,” the extended poem, and 'A Tale' were all by Bruce. He did not, however, put them in print. I am, therefore, clearly entitled to conclude that he failed to do so because they were not in the MS. before him. As already stated, their absence seriously invalidates Dr. Mackelvie's "firm conviction," but at the same time it materially strengthens the "internal evidence which seems to favour Logan " (Mackelvie, par. 87). In fact, it is entirely in his favour! |