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meeting of the ftates, and while they act as members of the committee of the ftates.

In determining queftions in the United States in Congrefs affembled, each ftate fhall have one vote.

Freedom of fpeech and debate in Congrefs fhall not be impeached or queftioned in any court or place out of Congrefs; and the members of Congrefs fhall be protected in their perfons from arrefts and imprisonments, during the time of their going to and from and attendance on Congrefs, except for treason, felony or breach of the peace.

ARTICLE VI.

No ftate, without the confent of the United States in Congrefs affembled, fhall fend any embaffy to, or receive any embaffy from, or enter into any conference, agreement, alliance, or treaty, with any king, prince, or state; nor fhall any perfon holding any office of profit or truft under the United States, or any of them, accept of any prefent emolument, office or title of any kind whatever from any king, prince or foreign ftate; nor fhall the United States in Congrefs affembled, or any of them, grant any title of nobility.

No two or more ftates fhall enter into any treaty, confederation or alliance whatever between them, without the confent of the United States in Congrefs affembled, fpecifying accurately the purpofes for which the fame is to be entered into, and how long it fhall continue.

No ftate fhall lay any impofts or duties, which may interfere with any ftipulations in treaties entered into by the United States in Congrefs affembled, with any king, prince or ftate, in purfuance of any treaties al ready propofed by Congrefs, to the courts of France and Spain.

peace

No veffels of war fhall be kept up in time of by any state, except fuch number only as fhall be deemed neceffary by the United States in Congress affembled, for the defence of fuch ftate, or its trade; nor fhall any

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body of forces be kept up by any state, in time of peace, except fuch number only, as in the judgment of the United States, in Congrefs affembled, fhall be deemed requifite to garrifon the forts neceffary for the defence of fuch state; but every ftate fhall always keep up a well-regulated and difciplined militia, fufficiently armed and accoutred, and shall provide and constantly have ready for ufe, in public ftores, a due number of field pieces and tents, and a proper quantity of arms, ammunition, and camp equipage.

No ftate fhall engage in any war without the confent of the United States, in congrefs affembled, unless fuch ftate be actually invaded by enemies,or fhall have received certain advice of a refolution being formed by some nation of Indians to invade fuch ftate, and the danger is fo imminent as not to admit of a delay till the United States in Congress affembled can be confulted; nor fhall any state grant commiffions to any fhips or veffels of war, nor letters of marque or reprisal, except it be after a declaration of war by the United States in Congress affembled, and then only against the kingdom or state, and the fubjects thereof, againft which, war has been fo declared, and under fuch regulations, as fhall be eftablished by the United States in Congrefs affembled, unless fuch state be infefted by pirates, in which case, veffels of war may be fitted out for that occafion, and kept fo long as the danger fhall continue, or, until the United States in Congress affembled, fhall determine otherwise.

ARTICLE VII.

When land forces are raised by any ftate, for the common defence, all officers of, or under the rank of colonel, fhall be appointed by the legislature of each ftate respectively, by whom fuch forces fhall be raised, or in fuch manner as fuch ftate fhall direct: And all vacancies shall be filled up by the state which first made the appointment.

ARTICLE VIII.

All charges of war, and all other expenfes, that shall be incurred for the common defence or general welfare, and allowed by the United States in Congrefs affembled, fhall be defrayed out of a common treasury, which shall be supplied by the feveral ftates, in proportion to the value of all land, within each state, granted to or furveyed for any perfon, as fuch land and the buildings and improvements thereon fhall be estimated, according to fuch mode as the United States in Congrefs affembled, fhall from time to time direct and appoint.

The taxes for paying that proportion, shall be laid and levied by the authority and direction of the legislatures of the feveral Atates, within the time agreed upon by the United States in Congress affembled.

ARTICLE IX.

The United States in Congrefs affembled, fhall have the fole, and exclufive right and power of determining on peace and war, except in the cafes mentioned in the fixth article; of fending and receiving ambaffadors ; entering into treaties and alliances, provided that no treaty of commerce fhall be made, whereby the legislative power of the respective states fhall be reftrained from imposing such impofts and duties on foreigners as their own people are fubjected to, or from prohibiting the exportation or importation of any fpecies of goods or commodities whatsoever; of eftablishing rules for deciding in all cafes, what captures on land or water fhall be legal, and in what manner prizes taken by land or naval forces in the fervice of the United States fhall be divided or appropriated; of granting letters of marque and reprifal in times of peace; appointing courts for the trial of piracies and felonies committed on the high feas, and establishing courts for receiving and determining finally appeals in all cafes of captures, provided that no member of Congrefs fhall be appoin ted a judge of any of the faid courts.

The United States in Congress affembled, fhall also be the last refort on appeal in all difputes and differences now fubfifting or that hereafter arife between two may or more ftates concerning boundary, jurifdiction, or any other caufe whatever; which authority fhall always be exercifed in the manner following. Whenever the legislative or executive authority or lawful agent of any ftate in controverfy with another, fhall present a petition to Congrefs, ftating the matter in question, and praying for a hearing, notice thereof fhall be given by order of Congress to the legiflative or executive authority of the other state in controverfy, and a day affigned for the appearance of the parties by their lawful agents, who fhall then be directed to appoint, by joint confent, commiffioners or judges to conftitute a court for hearing and determining the matter in queftion; but if they cannot agree, Congrefs fhall name three perfons out of each of the United States, and from the lift of fuch perfons, each party fhall alternately ftrike out one, the petitioners beginning, until the number fhall be reduced to thirteen; and from that number not lefs than feven, nor more than nine names, as Congress fhall direct, fhall in the prefence of Congrefs be drawn out by lot and the perfons whofe names fhall be fo drawn, or any five of them, fhall be commiflioners or judges, to hear and finally determine the controversy, fo always as a major part of the judges, who fhall hear the caufe, fhall agree in the determination: And if either party fhall neglect to attend at the day appointed, without thewing reafons which Congrefs fhall judge fufficient, or being prefent, fhall refufe to ftrike, the Congrefs fhall proceed to nominate three perfons out of each ftate, and the fecretary of Congrefs fhall strike in behalf of fuch party abfent or refufing; and the judgment and fentence of the court to be appointed, in the manner before prefcribed, fhall be final and conclufive; and if any of the parties fhall refuse to fubmit to the authority of fuch court, or to appear or defend

their claim or caufe, the court fhall nevertheless proceed to pronounce sentence or judgment, which fhall in like manner be final and decifive; the judgment or fentence and other proceedings being in either cafe tranfmitted to Congrefs, and lodged among the acts of Congress, for the fecurity of the parties concerned: Provided, that every commiffioner, before he fits in judgment, fhall take an oath, to be administered by one of the judges of the fupreme or fuperior court of the state, where the caufe fhall be tried, " well and truly to hear and determine the matter in question, according to the best of his judgment, without favour, affection, or hope of reward:" Provided alfo, that no ftate fhall be deprived of territory for the benefit of the United States.

All controverfies concerning the private right of foil, claimed under different grants of two or more tates, whofe jurifdictions as they may refpect fuch lands and the ftates which paffed fuch grants are adjufted, the faid grants or either of them being at the fame time claimed to have originated antecedent to fuch fettlement of jurisdiction, fhall, on the petition of either party to the Congrefs of the United States, be finally determined, as near as may be, in the fame manner as is before prefcribed for deciding difputes refpecting territorial jurifdiction between different states.

The United States in Congress affembled fhall also have the fole and exclufive right and power of regu lating the alloy and value of coin ftruck by their own authority, or by that of the respective states; fixing the standard of weights and measures throughout the United States; regulating the trade and managing all affairs with the Indians not members of any of the ftates; provided that the legiflative right of any state within its own limits be not infringed or violated; eftablishing and regulating poft-offices from one ftate to another throughout all the United States, and exacting fuch poftage on the papers paffing through the fame, as may be requifite to defray the expenfes of the VOL. II.

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