for widows, who are allowed the apartments, with furni ture. Barnet is remarkable for the decisive battle fought between the houses of York and Lancaster, in 1471, in which the great Earl of Warwick was slain. The field of battle is a green spot, a little before the meeting of the St. Alban's and Hatfield roads; and here, in 1740, a stone column was erected by Sir Jeremy Sambrooke, Bart. to commemorate this great event; which Dugdale, and others, however, think was at Friarn Barnet in Middlesex. BARNET EAST, a village in Herts, near Whetstone, formerly much frequented on account of its medicinal spring, on a neighbouring common. The mineral water, of a laxative quality, was formerly in much repute, and has lately been inclosed, and a pump erected, at the expence of the neighbouring gentlemen of the county of Herts. The spring has lately undergone examination, and the average of its solid contents estimated, by evaporation, by Mr. Goodwin, of Hampstead, who recom mends the Highwood Hill chalybeate water and the water of this spring to be frequently drank conjointly. Here is Mount Pleasant, late the seat of William Wroughton, Esq. and the villas of Joseph Kingston, Esq. and Mr. Tempest; the latter the property of Mrs. Willis.

BARNET FRIARN, a village of Middlesex, between Finchley and Whetstone. This parish includes the hamlet of Colney Hatch, and half that of Whetstone. The manor house, a very ancient structure, near the church, is held of the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's, by John Bacon, Esq. who has some portraits here of the Bacon family, among which are the Chancellor, the Lord Keeper, and one said to be Roger Bacon. He has also the original cast of Roubiliac's bust of Handel, over which is placed a portrait of Charles Jennings, Esq. who compiled the words of many of his oratorios. Haliwick House, in this parish, is the property of Richard Down, Esq.

BATTERSEA, a village in Surry, on the Thames, four miles from London, remarkable as the birth-place of Henry St. John Viscount Bolingbroke, who died here in 1751. The family seat was a venerable structure, which contained forty rooms on a floor. The manor was purchased for the present Earl Spencer, when a minor, in 1763, and, about 15 years after, the greatest part of the house was pulled down. On the site of the demolished part, are erected the horizontalair-mill, and malt distillery,

of Messrs. Hodgson, Weller, and Allaway. The part left standing forms a dwelling-house for Mr. Hodgson, one of whose parlours, fronting the Thames, is lined with cedar, beautifully inlaid, and was the favourite study of Pope, the scene of many a literary conversation between him and his friend St. John.-The air-mill, now used for grinding malt for the distillery, was built some years ago, for the grinding of linseed. The design was taken from that of another, on a smaller scale, constructed at Margate, by Capt. Hooper. Its height, from the foundation, is 140 feet; the diameter of the conical part 54 feet at the base, and 45 at the top. The outer part consists of 96 shutters, 80 feet high, and nine inches broad, which, by the pulling of a rope, open and shut in the manner of Venetian blinds. In the inside, the main shaft of the mill is the centre of a large circle formed by the sails, which consist of 96 double planks, placed perpendicularly, and of the same height as the planks that form the shutters. The wind rushing through the openings of these shutters, acts with great power upon the sails, and, when it blows fresh, turns the mill with prodigious rapidity; but this may be moderated, in an instant, by lessening the apertures between the shutters; which is effected, like the entire stopping of the mill, as before observed, by the pulling of a rope. In this mill are six pair of stones, to which two pair more may be added. On the site of the garden and terrace, Messrs. Hodgson and Co. have erected extensive bullock houses, capa ble of holding 650 bullocks, fed with the grains from the distillery, mixed with meal.'

In the E. end of the church (which was very neatly rebuilt a few years ago) is a window, in which are three portraits; the first that of Margaret Beauchamp, ancestor (by her first husband, Sir Oliver St. John) of the St. Johns, and (by her second husband, John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset) grandmother to Henry VII; the second the portrait of that Monarch; and the third, that of Queen Elizabeth, which is placed here, because her grandfather, Thomas Boleyn, Earl of Wiltshire (father of Queen Anne Boleyn) was great grandfather of Anne, the daughter of Sir Thomas Leighton, and wife of Sir John St. John, the first baronet of the family.-In this church is a monument, by Roubiliac, to the memory of Viscount Bolingbroke, and his second wife, a niece of Madame de Maintenon. A panegyrical epitaph mentions his "zeal to maintain the liberty,

and restore the ancient prosperity of Great Britain." The best comment on this are the words of his great admirer, the Earl of Chesterfield: "The relative, political, and commercial interests of every country in Europe, and particularly of his own, are better known to Lord Bolingbroke, than to any man in it; but how steadily he has pursued the latter in his public conduct, his enemies of all parties and denominations tell with joy." Another monument, to the memory of Sir Edward Winter, an East India Captain in the reign of Charles II. relates, that being attacked in the woods by a tyger, he placed himself on the side of a pond, and, when the tyger flew at him, he caught him in his arms, fell back with him into the water, got upon him, and kept him down till he had drowned him. This adventure, as well as another wonderful exploit, is vouched for by the following lines:

Alone, unarm'd, a tyger he oppress'd,

And crush'd to death the monster of a beast;
Thrice twenty mounted Moors he overthrew,
Singly on foot, some wounded, some he slew;
Disperst the rest: What more could Sampson do?

}

Battersea has been long famous for the finest asparagus. Here Sir Walter St. John founded a free school for twenty boys; and here is a bridge over the Thames to Chelsea.

BATTERSEA RISE, which forms an extremity of Clapham Common, is ornamented with several villas, it being a spot much admired for its prospects and situation.

BAYSWATER, a small hamlet, in the parish of Paddington, one mile from London, in the road to Uxbridge. The public tea-gardens were, about 25 years ago, the gardens of the late Sir John Hill, who here cultivated his medicinal plants, and prepared from them his tinctures, essences, &c. The reservoir at Bayswater was intended for the supply of Kensington Palace, and the property was granted to the proprietors of the Chelsea water-works, on their engaging to keep the basin before the palace full. The wheel at Hyde-Park wall, near Knightsbridge chapel, was made for the conveyance of this water. The conduit at Bayswater belongs to the city of London, and supplies the houses in and about Bond Street, which stand upon the city lands. The Queen's Lying-in Hospital, instituted in 1752, for delivering poor women, married or unmarried,

was removed here, in 1791, from its former situation near Cumberland Street. It is an excellent institution.

BEACONSFIELD, a market town in Bucks, in the road to Oxford, 23 miles from London, has several fine seats in its vicinity. In its church lies interred the celobrated Edmund Burke. See Bulstrode, Butler's Court, Hall Barn, and Wilton Park.

BEAUMONT LODGE, the seat of Henry Griffiths, Esq. situated on an easy ascent, by the side of the Thames, at Old Windsor, was the seat of the late Duke of Cumberland. It became afterward the property of Thomas Watts, Esq. of whom it was purchased by Governor Hastings, who sold it to Mr. Griffiths. This gentleman has built one entire new wing, with correspondent additions to the other: he has likewise raised the centre to an equal height. In the front of this is a colonnade, consisting of six columns and two pilasters, which are raised from four pedestals, two shafts springing out of each base. These are from the design of Mr. Emlyn, according to his new order of architecture. Under the colonnade, and even with the first floor, is a light and elegant balcony, commanding a pleasing view of the Thames and of the adjacent country.

BECKENHAM, a village near Bromley, in Kent. Here is Langley, the seat of Lord Gwyder, and Beckenham Place, belonging to John Cator, Esq. At Beckenham also is the residence of Lord Auckland, called Eden's Farm; it is a beautiful seat, with pleasant grounds in its vicinity.

BEDDINGTON, a village two miles West of Croydon. Here is the seat of the ancient family of Carew, which descending to Richard Gee, Esq. of Orpington, in Kent, that gentleman, in 1780, took the name and arms of Carew. It was forfeited, in 1539, on the attainder and execution of Sir Nicholas Carew, for a conspiracy. His son, Sir Francis, having procured the reversal of the attainder, purchased this estate of Lord Darcy, to whom it had been granted by Edward VI. He rebuilt the mansion-house, and planted the gardens with choice fruit trees, in the cultivation of which he took great delight*. The Park is

* Sir Francis spared no expence in procuring them from foreign countries. The first orange trees seen in England are said to have been planted by him. Aubrey says, they were brought from Italy by Sir Francis Carew. But the editors of the Biographia, speaking from a tradition preserved in the family, tell us, they were raised

still famous for walnut-trees. The manor house, situated near the church, is built of brick, and occupies three sides of a square. It was rebuilt in its present form in 1709. The great door of the hall has a curious ancient lock, richly wrought: a shield with the arms of England, moving in a groove, conceals the key-hole. In this hall is the portrait of a lady, falsely shewn as Queen Elizabeth: a small room adjoining to the hall retains the ancient pannels with mantled carvings; over the chimney is a small portrait of one of the Carews, surrounded by a pedigree. Another room has several portraits of the Hacket family, particularly one of Bishop Hacket, by Sir P. Lely. In the parlour at the north end of the hall are some other family portraits, among which is one of Sir Nicholas Carew, beheaded in the reign of Henry VIII. In the aisles of the church, which is a beautiful gothic pile, are several stalls, after the manner of cathedrals, having formerly belonged to Merton Abbey. See Wallington.

by Sir Francis Carew from the seeds of the first oranges which were imported into England by Sir Walter Raleigh, who had married his niece, the daughter of Sir Nicholas Throckmorton. The trees were planted in the open ground, and were preserved in the winter by a moveable shed. They flourished for about a century and a half, being destroyed by the hard frost in 1739-40. In the garden was a pleasure-house, on the top of which was painted the Spanish Invasion. In August 1599, Queen Elizabeth paid a visit to Sir Francis Carew, at Beddington, for three days, and again in the same month, the ensuing year. The Queen's oak, and her favourite walk, are still pointed out. Sir Hugh Platt tells an anecdote, in his Garden of Eden, relating to one of these visits, which shews the pains Sir Francis took in the management and cultivation of his fruit trees: "Here I will conclude." says he, "with a conceit of that delicate Knight, Sir Francis Carew, who, for the better accomplishment of his royal entertainment of our late Queen Elizabeth, of happy memory, at his house at Beddington, led her majesty to a cherry-tree, whose fruit he had of purpose kept back from ripening, at the least one month after all other cherries had taken their farewell of England. This secret he performed, by straining a tent, or cover of canvass, over the whole tree, and wetting the same now and then with a scoop or horn, as the heat of the weather required; and so, by withholding the sun beams from reflecting upon the berries, they grew both great, and were very long before they had gotten their perfect cherry colour; and, when he was assured of her Majesty's coming, he removed the tent, and a few sunny days brought them to their full maturity.” · Lyson's Environs of London, Vol. I. Page 56.