seat of the Dukes of Marlborough and Argyle, and lately of James Baillie, Esq. deceased; Rockwork Gate House, the residence of Thomas Matthias, Esq. and a house built by Thomas Wood, Esq. on a hill on the right hand of the road from Acton to Hanwell. At Little Ealing are Place House, the seat of Cuthbert Fisher, Esq. and the villas of Sir Charles Morgan, Bart. and General Lascelles. At Castle Hill is the elegant villa of the late Henry Beaufoy, Esq. now Mrs. Fitzherbert's; and, on Castle Bear Hill, is the villa of Richard Meux, Esq.

The old church having fallen down, March 27, 1729, a neat new one was erected. At Old Brentford, in this parish, is George Chapel, built in 1770, as a chapel of

case.

The Sunday schools in this parish, instituted in 1786, by the Rev. Charles Sturges, the present vicar, have been particularly efficacious, in consequence of the persevering attention of Mrs. Trimmer, so well known by her useful treatises, tending to increase the comforts, and reform the manners of the poor. About 60 boys, and more than 100 girls are now educating in these schools, which are conducted on a plan that affords great encouragement to the meritorious, and is admirably calculated to excite a spirit of emulation and improvement*. A school of industry for girls has been some time established: at present, they are 40 in number, and are employed in making coarse shirts. A school of industry for boys has also been lately opened: hitherto they have been employed only in combing woel; but it is in contemplation to find them some other occupation, which may prove of more service to them in future life. For such persevering attention to the understanding and morals of the rising generation, among the lower classes, Mrs. Trimmer deserves well of the British community. See Gunnersbury House.

EDGWARE, a market-town, eight miles from London, on the road (the ancient Watling Street) to St. Alban's.

* One of the regulations is, that every child who is a constant attendant, and comes to school before nine in the morning, neat in person and apparel, on paying a half-penny, shall receive a penny ticket. The advantages of this regulation proved to be such, that gowns were purchased for all the girls who had been three months in the school, and clothing for the boys according to their respective merits.

The west side of the street is in the parish of Whitechurch. See Brockley Hill.

EDMONTON, a village in Middlesex, 7 miles from London, on the road to Ware. Near Tanners End, in this parish, is The Firs, the seat of Sir James Winter Lake, Bart. See Bush Hill and Southgate.

EFFINGHAM, a village in Surry, three miles from Leatherhead, was once, according to tradition, a populous place, in which were 16 churches. There are still proofs of its having been much larger than it is at present; for wells and cavities like cellars have been frequently found in the fields and woods here; and in the church are several old stalls and monuments. Here is the seat of Gen. De Lancey, which he built himself, and is surrounded by his own estate. Here the beauties of nature and art are most happily combined.

EGHAM, a village in Surry, on the Thames, 18 miles from London. Here is a neat almshouse, founded in 1706, by Mr. Henry Strode, merchant of London, for six men and six women. The centre of this building is a good house for a schoolmaster, who has the education of 20 poor boys of Egham. Sir John Denham, Baron of the Exchequer in the reigns of James and Charles I. resided in this parish, and founded an almshouse here for six men and six women. Sir John Denham, his son, celebrated Cooper's Hill, in a work which will last longer than even the applause of that loyalty for which he sacrificed his family estates; a loyalty

'Strong without rage, without c'erflowing full !"

Here also dwelt the famous Sir John Doddridge, a very able judge and scholar, whose memory is kept up by the jury which was impannelled in consequence of his reproof to the Sheriff of Huntingdon, on account of the meanness of the former jury which had been returned; the next list of jurors, however, so far compensated for the neglect, that on calling them over in court, the gravity of the bench was invaded by having named Maximilian, King of Toseland; Adam, Prince of Godmanchester; the rest were a Duke, Earl, Marquis, Lord, a Bishop of Buckden, and other sounding names, ending with Knight, Squire, and Yeomen. See Cooper's Hill and Runny Mead.

ELSTREE, a village in Herts, 11 miles from London in the road from Edgware to St. Alban's, is thought by

Norden to have been the Roman city called Sulloniacæ, mentioned by Antoninus; but Camden and Horsley are of opinion that it was on Brockley Hill, in this neighbourhood; many urns, coins, Roman bricks, &c. having been dug up there; and at Penny-well, near Brockley Hill, are still visible the foundations of several walls. Brockley Hill.

See

ELTHAM, a market-town, eight miles from London, on the road to Maidstone. Anthony Beck, Bishop of Durham, having fraudulently secured the possession of this manor, beautified the capital mansion, and left it to Eleanor, the Queen of Edward I. Edward II. frequently resided here. His Queen was here delivered of a son, who had the name of John of Eltham. Possibly, from this circumstance, it is improbably called King John's Palace; unless it obtained this appellation from the sumptuous entertainment given here by Edward III. to the captive King John of France. Succeeding Princes, and particularly Henry VII. enlarged and improved this palace; but it was neglected, after Greenwich became the favourite country residence. Our princes often celebrated their festivals at Eltham with great pomp. One of the last of these feasts was held here at Whitsuntide, in 1515, when Henry VIII. created Sir Edward Stanley Baron Monteagle, for his services at Flodden Field. Part of the stately hall, which was the scene of those feasts, is still in good preservation, and is used as a barn. The roof, in particular, is somewhat like that of Westminster Hall. The large moat round the palace, although the greatest part of it is dry, and covered with verdure, has still two stone bridges over it, one of which consists of four arches. The farmhouse, in the inclosure, though somewhat modernized, or rather disguised by plaster and white-washing, was part of this ancient palace. Queen Elizabeth, who was born at Greenwich, was frequently carried thence to Eltham, when an infant, for the benefit of the air; and this palace she visited in a summer excursion round the country in 1559. It was granted, with the manor, for a term of years, perpetually renewable, to one of the ancestors of Sir John Shaw, who has here a seat and plantations, called Eltham Lodge; but the trees in the park are the property of the crown, and many of them were marked for sale in the last survey. In the handsome garden of Mr. Dorrington is a green-house, in which were formerly kept the

The

exotics of that eminent botanist, Dr. Sherrard. Hortus Elthamiensis is well known to the curious in botany. In Eltham church-yard lie the remains of Bishop Horne, of pious memory. His writings are much read and admired by the religious world. For an account of Shooter's Hill, and its castle, in this parish, see that article in a subsequent part of this work.

EMBER COURT, at Thames Ditton, between Kings. ton and Esher, was the seat of Arthur Onslow, the celebrated Speaker of the House of Commons. It is now the seat of Colonel Taylor.

ENFIELD, a town in Middlesex, 10 miles from London, was famous for its chase, a large tract of woodland, filled with deer. This was granted by the Conqueror to an ancestor of the Mandevilles, Earls of Essex, from whom it came to the Bohuns. It was afterwards annexed to the Duchy of Lancaster. When King James resided at Theobalds, this chase was well stocked with deer; but, in the Civil Wars, it was stripped of the game and timber, and let out in farms. At the Restoration, it was again laid open, woods were planted, and the whole chase stocked with deer; but, by an act of Parliament, in 1779, it was disforested. Part of it was allotted to different parishes, and inclosed, when it was found to contain 8349 acres; and another part, reserved to the crown, was sold in eight lots, at the office of the Duchy of Lancester. In the town is part of an ancient royal palace, respecting the building of which antiquaries are not agreed. It was the manorhouse of Enfield; and either in this, or another ancient house, called Elsynge-hall (now demolished) Edward VI. on his accession to the throne, kept his court, for five months before he removed to London. Mr. Lysons is of opinion, (Vol. II. p. 28;) that the palace "underwent considerable repairs, or perhaps was wholly rebuilt, in the reign of this Prince, and most probably upon occasion of the manor being granted to the Princess Elizabeth."

One of the rooms still remains in its original state, with oak pannels, and a richly-ornamented ceiling. The chimney-piece is supported by columns of the Ionic and Corinthian order, and decorated with the cognizances of the rose and portcullis, and the arms of France and England quartered, with the garter, and royal supporters, a lion and a gryphon. Underneath is this motto: "Sola salus servire Deo, sunt cætera fraudes-Our only security

is to serve God: aught else is vanity." In the same room is preserved part of another chimney-piece, with nearly the same ornaments, and this motto: “ Ut ros super herbam, est benevolentia regis-Like the dew on the grass is the bounty of the king," alluding, it is probable, to the royal grant. Among the collection of royal letters in the British Museum is a Latin one from the Princess Elizabeth, dated Enfield; and in the Bodleian Library is a M. S. copy of a sermon, translated by the Princess, from the Italian of Occhini. It is written on vellum, in her. own hand, and was sent as a new year's gift to her brother, King Edward. The dedication is dated Enfield, Dec. 30; the When Elizabeth became Queen, year not mentioned. she frequently visited Enfield, and kept her court there in the early part of her reign. The palace was alienated from the crown by Charles I. and has been ever since in private hands. In 1670 it was taken by Mr. Uvedale, master of the grammar school, who being attached to the study of botany, planted a cedar of Libanus, now one of the finest in the kingdom, and measuring, at three feet from the ground (in 1793) twelve feet in girth. The whole building in front was taken down in 1792; and on the site of it are erected some small houses. The small part left standing behind, (and which contains the old rooms) has been new fronted, and is in the occupation of Mrs. Perry. The whole of this old palace was purchased, in 1786, by Mr. Thomas Callaway, steward of Guy's Hospital, of the representatives of Eliab Breton, Esq.

Enfield Park, part of this ancient royal demesne, is the seat of Samuel Clayton, Esq. In this parish also are se.veral villas; particularly, Four-tree Hill, the seat of the late Edmund Armstrong, Esq. said to have been built by Inigo Jones; East Lodge, which had been occasionally used by Charles I. as a hunting seat; West Lodge, and North Lodge, (all three held by lease under the crown by the guardians of the Duchess of Chandos, a lunatic) the latter in the occupation of Thomas James, Esq.; a large new built house on Beech Hill, the seat of J. Davis, Esq. and the handsome villa of Rawson Hart Boddam, Esq. late Governor of Bombay. See Southgate, South Lodge, and Trent Place.

ENGLEFIELD GREEN, in the parish of Egham, but in the county of Berks, is delightfully situated on the summit of Cooper's Hill, in the road that leads through