of Honour. These were gradually augmented until in a third edition, 1691-92, they appeared in two parts. Miscellanea. The Third Part By the late Sir William Temple, Bar. Published by Jonathan Swift, appeared at London in 1701. ... ... 87 3 Father Malbranche's search after Truth, translated into English: Two translations were printed in 1694: Malebranch's Search after Truth Done out of French from the last Edition [By Richard Sault], London, 1694; and Father Malebranche's treatise concerning the Search after Truth. The whole work compleat . . . all translated by T. Taylor, Oxford, 1694. Addison seems to refer to the latter. . 87 5 The Academy of Compliments: The British Museum has The Academy of Compliments: or, a new way of wooing, etc., London, 1685; and The compleat Academy of Compliments: containing . choice sentences. together with a collection of the newest songs, etc., London, 1705. There must have been an earlier edition, however, or an earlier book with the same title, for The Academy of Compliments stands first in the library of the Town Gallant (Character of a Town Gallant, 1675, in the Old Book Collector's Miscellany, vol. II, No. 19, p. 5). 87 6 Culpepper's Midwifery: Nicholas Culpepper (1616–1654) published The Compleat Midwife's Practice enlarged . . . 1663, and A Directory for Midwives, 1651. 877 Ladies Calling: Of The Ladies Calling, By the Author of the Whole Duty of Man, the British Museum has the second edition, Oxford, 1673; third, 1675; fifth, 1677; seventh, 1700. The Whole Duty of Man has been attributed to a half dozen different people: see Lowndes, Bibliographer's Manual, V2, 2912; Boswell's Life of Johnson, ed. G. B. Hill, II, 239; C. E. Doble in The Academy, Nov., 1882. 87 8 Tales in verse by Mr. Durfey: Thomas D'Urfey (1653-1723), poet and playwright, wrote Tales tragical and comical . . . Done into several sorts of English verse... London, 1704. D'Urfey is mentioned in Guardian 29, 67, 82; Tatler 1, 11, 43; Lover 40. Cf. Dunciad, iii, 146, and Essay on Criticism, 616–617: All books he reads, and all he reads assails, From Dryden's Fables down to Durfey's Tales. 87 10 Classick Authors in wood: that is, dummy books. 87 12 Clelia Clélie (1654-1661, 10 vols.) by Mme. de Scudéry was translated in five parts, 1656-1661, by John Davies (Parts 1-3) and George Havers (Parts 4-5). 87 14 Baker's Chronicle: A Chronicle of the Kings of England from the Time of the Romans Government unto the Raigne of our Soveraigne Lord King Charles, etc., London, 1643. Sir Roger's principal authority for English history. It reached a ninth edition in 1696. 87 15 Advice to a Daughter: The Lady's New-Years Gift; or, Advice to a Daughter, by George Savile (1633–1695), Marquis of Halifax. See his Miscellanies, ed. 1704, pp. 1-84. 87 16 New Atalantis: Secret Memoirs and Manners of Several Persons of Quality, of Both Sexes, From the New Atalantis, an Island in the Mediterranean, London, 1709, by Mrs. Mary de la Rivière Manley (1672?-1724). See her life in the Dict. Nat. Biog. See also Tatler 210, 224; Guardian 53, 63, 107; Theatre 26; Steele's Letters, ed. John Nichols, 1787, I, 274, II, 455. 87 17 Mr. Steele's Christian Heroe: The Christian Hero: an Argument proving that No Principles but those of Religion are sufficient to make a Great Man, London, 1701. 87 18 Prayer book . . . Hungary water: cf. Spect. 79, especially the couplet, which Dr. Johnson says is anonymous: Together lye her Prayer-Book and Paint, At once t' improve the Sinner and the Saint. Cf. also Pope's Rape of the Lock, i, 138: "Puffs, Powders, Patches, Bibles, Billet-doux." 87 20 Dr. Sacheverell's Speech: The Speech of Henry Sacheverell, D.D., upon his Impeachment at the bar of the House of Lords. . . . March 7, 1710, London, 1710. The Sacheverell literature is very large (see Madan's Sacheverell Bibliography, Oxford, 1887, and the note at the end of the article in the Dict. Nat. Biog.), but the point for us to note is simply that during his trial for "malicious, scandalous, and seditious libels" he was eagerly supported by Tory ladies. Lady Wentworth writes (6 March, 1710): "Sacheverell will make all the Ladys turn good huswivs, they goe att seven every mornin." (Wentworth Papers, p. 113.) Cf. Tat. 142; Spect. 57. 87 21 Fielding's Tryal: The Arraignment, Tryal, and Conviction of R. Fielding,... London, 1708. Robert ("Beau") Fielding was tried for bigamy. See Tat. 50, 51; Wentworth Papers, 14 Dec., 1705; 29 July, 1706; Luttrell's Brief Relation, etc., 29 June, 2 July, 25 July, 1706; Jesse, Memoirs of the Court of England from. 1688 to the Death of George the Second, II, 255 ff. The case is reported at length in State Trials, ed. 1730, vol. V. 87 22 Seneca's Morals: Inasmuch as Leonora had her classic authors "in wood," this Seneca was very likely the translation by Sir Roger L'Estrange, which reached its tenth edition in 1711. 87 23 Taylor's holy Living and Dying: Jeremy Taylor (1613–1677) wrote The Rule and Exercises of Holy Living, etc., London, 1650, and The Rule and Exercises of Holy Dying, etc., London, 1651. 87 24 La Ferte's Instructions for Country Dances: In the Spectator, No. 52 and others, appears the advertisement of "Mr. Fert, Dancing Master, who keeps his School in Compton Street Soho, over-against St. Ann's Church Back-door." He may have written The Dancing Master; or, plain and easie rules for the dancing of Country dances, second edition, London, 1652. It reached a twelfth edition in 1703. 88 15 Grottoes: Cf. Nos. 447 and 632, also Pope's Works, ed. Elwin and Courthope, IV, 494, and VI, 385. Lecky (I, 525-526) has a brief notice of Queen Anne gardens. The Hon. Alicia Amherst's History of Gardening in England treats the matter in more detail, and has at the end a bibliography, chronologically arranged, from which one can very readily discover what Addison's contemporaries wrote upon the subject. 88 28 Consort: a company of players or singers; most strictly, probably, a string quartet. More correctly concert: see Oxford Dictionary. Cf. Spect. 5, 418. 89 8 Another Paper: No. 92. 89 Motto: Horace, Epist., ii, 2, 102-103: Much do I suffer, much to keep in peace This jealous, waspish, wrong-head rhyming race.—) 89 13 Tragedy. . . the noblest: Aristotle thought so: see the final section of his Poetics. 89 16 Says Seneca: De Providentia, ii, 6: "Ecce spectaculum dignum," etc. Addison uses this passage again as the motto for the titlepage of his Cato. 90 6 In other following papers: Nos. 40, 42, 44. 90 8 Aristotle observes: Poetics, iv; Rhet., iii, 1. 90 19 Rhyme: Some of the critical treatises which had discussed rhyme before Addison's day are: pro, Daniel's Defence of Rhyme, 1603, Dryden's Essay of Dramatic Poesy, 1668, and his Defence of the Essay of Dramatic Poesy, 1668; con, Campion's Observations on the Art of English Poesie, 1602, and Sir Robert Howard's Preface to The Great Favourite, or the Duke of Lerma, 1668. The documents in the DrydenHoward controversy should be read together; they are so placed in Arber's English Garner, II, 487 ff. For discussion of the subject see Ward's English Dramatic Poetry, London, 1899, III, 314 ff.; and especially Lounsbury's Shakespeare as a Dramatic Artist, New York, 1901, pp. 210 ff. 90 34 An Hemistick: see Dryden's Essay of Dramatic Poesy (Works ed. Scott-Saintsbury, XV, 363). That essay touches nearly all the points mentioned in this paper. 92 2 A fine observation in Aristotle: Poetics, xxii, 3 ff. 929 Horace . . . in the following verses: Ars Poet., 95-98. 92 20 Lee: Nathaniel Lee (circ. 1650-circ. 1690); his best known plays are The Rival Queens, or the Death of Alexander the Great, 1677; Mithridates, King of Pontus, 1678; with Dryden, Edipus, 1679. Dryden (Parallel of Poetry and Painting, ed. Scott-Saintsbury, XVII, 320321) comments at some length on Lee's tempestuousness: "Another who had a great genius for tragedy, following the fury of his natural temper, made every man, and woman too, in his plays, stark raging mad; there was not a sober person to be had for love or money. All was tempestuous and blustering; heaven and earth were coming together at every word; a mere hurricane from the beginning to the end, and every actor seemed to be hastening on the day of judgment." Lee felt the same thing himself: in the Dedication of his Casar Borgia, 1680, he wrote, "I abound in ungoverned fancy." 66 92 32 Then he would talk, etc.: Nichols (Literary Illustrations, II, 195 ff.) prints a letter from Warburton in which Addison is said to have 'coldly imitated" the above line from Lee in his Cato, act i, scene 4, where Juba says, "True she is fair. O how divinely fair!" "I pronounce the more boldly of this," says Warburton, "because Mr. A. in his 39 Spec. expresses his admiration of it." 936 Otway: Thomas Otway (1652–1685), best known for his Alcibiades, 1675; The Orphan, 1680; Venice Preserved, 1682. 93 17 Venice Preserved: "The plot," says Sidney Lee (Dict. Nat. Biog., XLII, 350-351), was "drawn from the Abbé St. Réal's 'Conjuration des Espagnols contre la Venise en 1618,' of which an English translation had appeared in 1675. But Otway modified the story at many points . . .; and, while he accepted the historical names of the conspirators, he subordinated the true leader of the conspiracy, the Spanish envoy in Venice, the Marquis de Bedamar, to Jaffier and Pierre, who were historically insignificant. He is thus solely responsible for the dramatic interest imported into the tale. According to his version of it, Priuli, a senator of Venice, has renounced his daughter, Belvidera, because she has married Jaffier, a man poor and undistinguished. Pierre, a close friend of Jaffier, persuades him, when smarting under Priuli's taunts, to join a conspiracy which aims at the lives of all the senators. Jaffier is led to confide the secret of the plot to his wife, and her frenzied appeals to him to save her father goad him into betraying the conspiracy to the senate, and sacrificing his dearest friend." 93 24 Si pro patria: Florus, iv, 1, 12. ... Yet lest you think I really more than teach, And snatch me o'er the earth, or through the air, To Thebes, to Athens, when he will, and where. - POPE. 94 5-6 A ridiculous doctrine in modern criticism: a palpable hit at John Dennis, who is said thus to have acknowledged it. “On the 17th of May, 1712, between the hours of ten and eleven in the morning . . . [Dennis] . . . entered . . . [Curll's book-] shop, and opening one of the volumes of the Spectator, in the large paper, did suddenly, without the least provocation, tear out that of No. [40] where the author treats of poetical justice, and cast it into the street." (Pope's Works, ed. Elwin, X, 459.) In Dennis's Original Letters, II, 407-416, is printed his letter to the Spectator in defence of his doctrine. It concludes: "Thus . . . I have discussed the business of poetical justice, and shewn it to be the foundation of all tragedy; and therefore whatever persons, whether ancient or modern, have written dialogues which they call tragedies, where this justice is not observed, these persons have entertained and amused the world with romantic lamentable tales, instead of just tragedies, and of lawful fables.” In his letter to Sir Richard Blackmore (Original Letters, I, 1–12) Dennis is especially insistent upon his theory; in a letter to the Duke of Buckingham (I, 55-57) he admits that the attacks of various papers in the Spectator led him to write his Remarks upon Cato. 94 12-13 To raise commiseration and terror: Aristotle, Poetics, xiii: "A perfect tragedy should . . . imitate actions which excite pity and fear, this being the distinctive mark of tragic imitation" (Butcher's translation). 952 Aristotle considers: Addison seems here to refer to Poetics, xiii, 6: σnueîov dè μéyioтov, etc., which Butcher translates "On the stage and in dramatic competition, such plays, if they are well represented, are the most tragic in effect." |