emigrants to Carolina, where they arrived in good health on the 15th of January following. The Carolinians 1733. made them a prefent of 100 breeding cattle, befides hogs, and twenty barrels of rice; and furnished them with a party of horse and with scout boats, by the help of which they reached the Savannah, where Mr. Oglethorpe, ten miles up the river, pitched upon a spot for a town; and on February the 9th the building of the first house commenced. The colonists were most generously affisted by the Carolinians and their governor, Colonel Bull, not only with their purses, but their labor, in raising the new town, named Savannah from the river.

Mr. Oglethorpe was waited upon by a numerous deputation from the Lower Creek nation, with whom he concluded a treaty; and foon after fat out for Charles-town on his return to England, where he arrived in 1734, bringing with him feveral Indian chiefs 1734and a war captain. But before the end of March this year, more emigrants to the amount of fix hundred, were either fent over by charity, or went at their own expence. On the 30th of October the Indians embarked for their own country, having had an allowance while in London of 20 1. a week, of which they spent little, as they commonly eat and drank at the tables of perfons of the highest diftinction. They moreover received presents to a very confiderable amount. They embarked at Gravefend in a fhip which carried over a number of Saltzburghers, being German proteftants, who, with others of their countrymen that followed, settled on the Savannah a town they called Ebenezer, and which by their habits of industry and fobriety foon became confiderable. The Georgians made a furprising progress

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progrefs in clearing their lands and building their houses; and, as an encouragement, the British parliament granted them a fupply of 26,000l. which, with very great private donations, was expended upon strengthening the fouth part of Georgia. This being a neceffary service for the colony, the trustees pitched upon the highlanders of Scotland, 160 of whom went 1735. over in 1735, fettled themselves upon Altamaha river,

and gave the name of Darien to a fort they built there, to which they afterward added a small town called New Inverness.

1736. In February Mr. Oglethorpe, with about 300 paffengers on board two fhips, anchored in the road of Savannah. He foon began building another town named Frederica.

1737.

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A misunderstanding fubfifting between the courts of London and Madrid, and advice being fent from South Carolina to Britain, that the Spaniards at St. Augustine and the Havannah were making preparations for attacking Georgia, the government, at the requeft of the trustees, fent thither a regiment of 600 men, any of whom at the end of feven years might have a regular difcharge, and be entitled to a grant of twenty acres of land. The parliament this year granted the colony another supply of 20,000l. which enabled the trustees to fend over a fresh embarkation of perfecuted protestants.

On the breaking out of the war between England and Spain, Mr. Oglethorpe, being invefted with a general's command, proceeded with a body of troops to attack St. Auguftine in 1740, but the expedition proved unfortunate.

In 1742 Georgia was invaded by about 5000 Spaniards 1742. and Indians from St. Auguftine, in about fifty veffels of various kinds, who were repulfed by the general at the head of the English forces, and a small body of Indians. Had the Spanish descent proved fuccefsful, the Carolinians must have been in imminent danger: but the general's good conduct fecured them, and he received congratulatory letters of thanks from several of the American governors, for his great and important fervices *.

On the review of what you have read, you will note, that the colonists were very early in declaring, that they ought not to be taxed, -but by their own general courts, and that they confidered fubjection to the acts of a parliament in which they had no reprefentatives from themselves, as a hardfhip-that like true born Englishmen, when grievously oppreffed by governors or others, they refifted, depofed, and banifhed; and would not be quieted till grievances complained of were redreffedand that not a colony, Georgia excepted, was fettled at the expence of government. Toward the fettlement of the laft, parliament granted 56cool. at three different periods.

Modern Univerfal Hiftory, Vol. XL. p. 453-463. 1763+

P.

LET

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LETTER II.

Roxbury, July 9, 1772.

THE prefent letter begins with fome special coloniał tranfactions fubfequent to the glorious revolution. Upon information of the acceffion of William and Mary, the fort at New York was feized by the rabble, while the lieutenant governor Nicholson and the council waited with anxiety for orders to proclaim their new fovereign. On this occafion, Jacob Leifler placed himfelf at the head of the infurgents; and notwithstanding the proteft of the council, poffeffed himself by force of a letter tranfmitted by king William to the lieutenant governor, or to fuch as for the time execute the law, and instantly affumed the name and exerted the authority of governor. He convened two feffions of affembly in 1690, which paffed various laws. But colonel

Sloughter, who had been appointed governor in Auguft, 1691. 1689, arriving in March, 1691, Leifler was made pri

foner, and, with others, condemned for treafon and murder: he and his principal adviser were executed. A legal general affembly was now convened. The precaution taken in the declaration and bill of rights, by the convention and parliament, to state the claims of Englishmen, might naturally induce the Yorkers to propose somewhat fimilar for themselves, had there been no prior propensity to that business. But the prevailing opinion

opinion of the colonists naturally dictated to them the feizing of the present favorable opportunity. The New York general affembly paffed " an act, declaring what are the rights and privileges of their majefties fubjects within the province." The law enacts, "That the fupreme legislative power and authority under their majefties, fhall for ever be, and refide in a governor and council appointed by their majefties, their heirs and fucceffors; and the people by their reprefentatives met and convened in general affembly." It further enacts, "That no aid, tax, tallage, &c. whatsoever, fhall be laid, affeffed, levied, or required, of or on any their majefties fubjects within the province, &c. or their eftates, upon any manner of colour or pretence whatsoever, but by the act and confent of the governor and council, and reprefentatives of the people, in general affembly met and convened." This memorable act was a virtual declaration, that the inhabitants of the colony had a right to be reprefented in affembly, and enjoyed it not as a privilege, through the grace of the crown *. Six years after, in 1697, a negative was put upon the act, probably by the regency, while the king was abfent, which was from April the 26th, to the middle of November, when he returned after the peace of Ryfwick was fettled.

The Maffachusetts petitioned for a renewal of their former charter, but it could not be obtained; and many reasons were affigned for not granting it; among the reft, its giving them no power to lay taxes and raise money, especially on inhabitants not being of the company, and on strangers coming to or trading with them. One of the chief acts of delinquency alleged in the

* William Smith's Hiftory of New York, p. 75. VOL. I.

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writ