*2

3

2

with an armie into Brittaine; after him, he himself and Ostorius Scapula his Proprætor, with more and more forces, with which they subdued the greater part of the Island, which they could never have done, had the British pettie Kings continued in such association, as they did under their Monarch Cassibellaunus in Julius Cæsar's time; but Dum pugnant singuli, vincuntur universi. And the Cantii, Trinobanies, Attrebatii, Regni, Dobuni, Cattieuclani, Coritani, Cornavii, Brigantes, &c. being gained, some by the Romane sword, some by unvoluntarie Submission; there remained but two Provinces (of all now called England) unconquered, (viz.) the Iceni and the Cangi; and the Iceni being first subdued, they came in the last place to the Cangi of Somersett, and conquered them also in this valley aforesaid. So that if we can trace this Roman Army by seaven Footstepps, which are left behind it, we may, at, length, find them conquering at Conquest, and afterward quartering in the -vally betweene Taunton and Watchett. The first of the seaven Footstepps of this conquering Armie is, according to Tacitus, decernable in the word Iceni, (i. e.) the inhabitants of Norfolke, Suffolke, Cambridge shire and Huntington shire, who haveing submitted to the Romans formerly, had now rebelled, but they, and their Confederates of the adjoynind provinces, being subdued, all that part of the Iland submitted, and the Roman armie ductus est in Cangos alias Gangos, which was their second Footsteppe *, Cangi, (i.e.) the inhabitants of Somersett, according to Mr. Camden, instanceing in

6

5

I Corn. Tacit. 2 Trimobantes MS. H. 3 Cattieuclavi MS. H. 4 Tacit. lib. 4. Ann. Camb. in Icen. 5 Sic. H. 6 Cor. Tacit. ibid.

the

the shadow of that name, continuing in four places of that County to this day, as Canisham, (i.) Tangisham, the habitation of the Cangi; Cannington, (i.) the valley Town of the Cangi; Cannings, (i.) that is, the valleys of the Cangi; Wincaunton, Armorice, & Britannice Cwynn-Caunton, (i.) that is, the bright, or pleasant, Towne of the Cangi. And to these fowr I can (if need were) add 11 more the like, as Cangerbur, which * doctissimus ille taketh to be Cangi-rrs-buríe, (i.) Cangies Battleburie; Canfield, .) Tangi-field; Canford, (i. e.) Cangi-ford. and five more terminateing in Dell, rechus Dellt, (i.) borders or confines, because they are scituate on the confines of the Cangi of Somersett and Durotriges of Dorset, as Caundell, rectius Caundellt, (i.) the borders of the Cangi; Purse Caundell, rectius Pwrs Tangi-delt, (i.) Purse Cangies borders, from Græc. Bipoa, a purse or treasurie, the signe of the purse painted over the treasurie doore; Caundell wake, (i.) the watring and warding place of the Cangi on the borders; Sturton Caundell, (i.) the Town on the River Stoure on the borders of the Cangi; Caundell Marchess and Caundell Bishops, so cognominated in latter times, one from the Owner of the Soile, the other from the Nature thereof; Canons Ley', rectius Cangi-ings-Ley, (i. e.) the Valley habitations of the Cangi. As Angells Ley, rectius Cangi-hills-Ley, the hilly habitation of the Cangi; or Cangi dellts Ley, because it adjoyns to the black down, the bowndary between the Cangi and the Damno

1 Arch. Usher in prim. Eccl. Britann. 2 From da. 3 From Dur water and trigías habitation, because they dwell on the Sea Coasts. 4 Diction. Fra. Goldman, 5 Inhabitants of De von so called from their dwelling under their hills.

-nii, not Angells-Ley, or dwelling place of Angels, as if they had left their heavenly mansions, to dwell on the Earth, and rather here then any where else. And these 15 Shadowes of the Cangi in Sommersett, and the confines thereof, are the more demonstrative of the old Cangies habitation therein, upon farther consideration of this, that there is no Towne nor Parrish (besides those instanced) in Devon, Dorsett, Glocester, or Wilts, that hath the Syllable, Caun, Can or Cang in it, but only Caune in Wiltshire, whose right name is Caln, though euphonied into Cant, because I ante n quiescit. The ancient inhabitants, therefore, of Somersett being called Cangi, it will be necessary to know why so called. I con1. jecture at two reasons. First their Musick and singing to their instruments of Musick. For caineg, Canuyn and gan are Synonimicalls, signifying Canticum Organi musici, and the British Can Wa qon henamt intimates soe (i. e.) the song, husht or filence is the song of old age, and the word Cangi, which seems to me to be ror à sono, intimates, that the old inhabitants of this County were notablely addicted to Canging and twanging on their British harps, as their ofspring in Wales are still 3 Canutelin, to sing to the harp, whilest their herds and their flocks, feeding on their rich meadows and moores, maintained their health, and mirth, without any such tilling and toyling, and as their neighbouring Dunattun & Boduni endured, and upon that account the moderne Britaines also of Wales, call Somersett Glad-her-haf (i, c.)

2

'Cambd. in Belg. rebion Cynnraeg D. Da.

2 Dr. Davis Dict. Camb. Lat. P dicha

3 Cantelin to sing to harp Beit.

[*F. to harpe it. H.] Lacte & carne vivunt. Jul. Cæs. Lib. 5o. Camb. 5 Dunft & Boyuní (i.e.) Hill contrie of Wilts and South of Glost.

I

2.

merrie Sommerfield to this day. The inhabitants of Somersett were called Cangi, merry and musicall, from their worshiping the image of Apollo, or ' Sol their God of Musick, with his harp in his hand, especially in Bath their Metropolis, and being the Author of heate and healeing, and consequently of Mirth and Gladness, by the Bath Waters, which were therefore termed Aquæ Solis by the Romans, and the People of the City and County Somersettenses, because l ante m quiescit, as Samon not Salmon. Somersettenses, (i. e.) Inhabitants of, or belonging to, the Sun-poole, as the Anglo-Saxons for the same reasons esteemed them Sun-mer-fettan, inhabitants of the Sun-Poole, though, for easines in pronunciation, they spake them Summersett people. But neighther the Romans nor Saxons called them so from that Town neare velchefter, whose a ancient and right Name is Sumurton, from Jaumurton 3, (i. e.) runing Poole ton, but from Aqua Solis, Sol-merton, Sunmerton, or Sun-poole Towne or Citie of Bathe, and for this reason the Countie was antciently called both Provincia Somersettensis & Bathoniensis, & Westmonasteriensis saith * that, Anno Domini 586. Reges West Saxonum domina- gomersett bantur in provinciis Berçen, (i. e.) Dorsetensi, Suthe- denomi riensi, Wiltoniensi, Sarisberiensi & Bathoniensi. Thus Bath. may we conjecture by the harmonious consent of these musicall names, Cangi Glad-rr-haf, Aquæ Solis, Summersett, Sunpoole-ton, how merily and melodiously the

' Whose platter, face * discovered and cleared, when I found plastred over in the citie Walls among those Monuments cele. brated by Cam. in Belg. this being more observable than all the rest. * [F. I discovered and cleared, when I found it plastred &c. H.] Ethelwerd Lib. 2. cap. 14. 3 From a ruping Lake neare it. + Mat. West. pa. 105.

2

nated from.

S.

Cangi of this Countie past their time, till the Roman Armie rushed in among them, like a sudden and vio lent storme, and put all their canging and twaning, cant ing and chanting, quite out of tune, and turned all their Mirth and Gladness into Sorrow and Sadness, battering downe and consuming their most antcient Metropolis Bath, then called Caer Badon, Caer Brand the burning Citie2, pr rnnaint Cair +, the first place being nearest to the Iceni, from which the Romans came, and then as they marched, Westward 3 pastati agri prædæ passim auctæ, they wasted and plundred the Country, non ausis vicem hostibus, the Cangi not dareing to shew themselves in the Field; but this must be taken with a Limitation thus, they durst not raise an Armie and fight the Romans at their first entrance into their borders, but that they did (though in vaine) afterward, when they came neere Dchie hole upon Mendypp, will clearly appear by the third Footstepp, which this Roman Ar mie left behind it, (viz.) a longe Plate of Lead, plowed up neere Dchie Hole in the Reighne of King Henry the Eighth, having this Inscription":

4

Ti Claudius Cæsar Aug P M

TRIB P VIII Imp. XVI de Britan

This was a trophie of a Victory, obtained thereabout by Claudius Cæsar over the Britons by the Armie aforesaid. And there are 3 more Footsteps, as I appre hend, of the Cangies conquered Armie, viz.

'The City of Bath, Mat. West. 2 Isaakson's Chro. + the anoynt or oyntment, * Mat ioxv. [* Lege, xar' i¿oxúv. H.] 3 + Or Tac. [L. Cor. Tac. H.] 4g Brittain Canehole. 3 Cam. in Belg. Argipe, because it was erected, where the enemy was turned to flight.

All