18. What is a protective tariff?

19. Can Congress pass a protective tariff?

20. What is an alien?

21. How can foreigners become citizens?

22. What are bankrupt laws!

23. Who have power to pass such laws? 24. Who can coin money?

25. Can the states coin money?

26. Why is the power to coin money and fix the standard

of weights and measures exclusive with Congress?

27. Who can establish post offices and post roads?

28. Can a state establish a postal system within its limits? 29. What are copyright laws?

30. What are patent laws?

31. Why is the power to pass such laws vested in Congress ? 32. By whom may war be declared?

33. For how long a time may appropriations of money for carrying it on be made?

34. Why this restriction?

35. Can the Senate introduce a bill for revenue?

36. Can it introduce all other bills?

37. Where is the power to build a navy placed?

38. What are letters of marque?

39. Can a state grant letters of marque?

40. When can the militia be called out by the United States ? 41. Can the militia be called out by the executive of a state to execute the state laws?

42. Over what territory has Congress exclusive jurisdiction? 43. Can Congress charter a national bank?

44. Has the Supreme Court decided this question?

CHAPTER XIV.

PROHIBITIONS ON THE UNITED STATES.

1. Why does the Constitution contain prohibitions on the United States?

As the national government is one of limited powers, it is proper to state what it cannot do.

2. Repeat the paragraph of the Constitution relating to the slave trade.

"The migration or importation of such persons as any of the states now existing shall think proper to admit shall not be prohibited by Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight; but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person."- Art. I. § 9. 1.

3. Did some of the framers of the Constitution wish to abolish the slave trade at once?

They did. Among them were some of the leading statesmen of Virginia and other southern states.

4. When was it abolished?

A law was passed in 1804, prohibiting its continuance after 1808.

5. When may the writ of habeas corpus be suspended?

"The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it." Art. I. § 10. 2.

6. What is meant by a writ of habeas corpus?

It is an order, issued by a judge or court, commanding the person having another in custody or in prison, to bring the prisoner before him. If the prisoner is illegally or improperly in custody, the judge will discharge him.

7. What is the great value of the habeas corpus It is a safeguard against illegal imprisonment.

?

8. By whom may the writ of habeas corpus be suspended?

The Constitution does not say. During the late rebellion it was suspended by the President, and his act was afterwards sanctioned by Congress.

9. What is a bill of attainder?

An act of the legislature inflicting capital punishment on persons supposed to be guilty of high offences, such as treason and felony, without any trial by a court of justice.

10. What is an ex post facto law?

A law making an act criminal which was not criminal when it was performed.

11. Can Congress pass such laws?

"No bill of attainder, or ex post facto law, shall be passed." Art. I. § 9. 3.

12. Why this prohibition?

Because great injustice could be done if an act, which was not a crime when it was performed, could afterwards be declared to be a crime.

13. What is the restriction as to taxes?

"No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken."- Art. I. § 9. 4.

14. What is a capitation tax?

A poll tax; that is, a uniform tax on individuals without regard to the unequal value of their property. 15. What is said respecting taxes on exports?

"No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state. No preference shall be given, by any regulation of commerce or revenue, to the ports of one state over another; nor shall vessels bound to or from one state be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another." Art. I. § 9. 5.

16. What was the design of these provisions?

To give a national character to the Union of the states by forbidding state preferences or superiorities.

17. Can Congress lay an export duty on cotton? It cannot, for it cannot lay a tax on any article exported from any state.

18. Can Congress lay a tax of any kind upon cotton?

It can lay a tax on its production, just as it can lay a tax on the production of any other article.

19. Give an example of a tax on production.

Congress has laid a tax on every gallon of whiskey distilled, and on every gallon of oil refined; and so it may lay a tax on every bale of cotton produced or sold.

20. What is said respecting drawing money from the treasury?

"No money shall be drawn from the treasury but in consequence of appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time." · Art. I. § 9. 6.

21. Who has thus the general control of the public purse?

Congress.

22. Who has the immediate control of it?

The Secretary of the Treasury.

23. Who has the money of the United States in his keeping?

The Treasurer of the United States.

24. Where is the Treasury?

At Washington.

25. Is all the money of the United States kept at Washington?

There are Sub-Treasuries and Sub-Treasurers in the principal cities of the Union.

26. Why must an account of the receipts and expenditures be published?

In order that the people may know what is done with their money.

27. What is said respecting titles of nobility?

"No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States; and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them shall, without the consent of Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatsoever from any king, prince, or foreign state."-Art. I. § 9.7.

28. What was the design of these provisions?

To preserve the equality of citizens necessary in a republic, and to guard against foreign influence over the public servants of the United States.