tives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment), shall be presented to the President of the United States; and before the same shall take effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill.” — Art. I. § 7. 3.

7. What is the object of this provision?

To prevent Congress from passing a law, under the name of an order or resolution, without the consent of the President.

8. What is the power of the President to negative laws called?

The veto power.

9. Why should he possess it?

It is an additional security against the enactment of rash and improper laws.

10. Can the President defeat a measure that is of vital importance to the country?

He can, unless two thirds of both houses vote to pass it.

QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW.

NATURE OF THE CONSTITUTION, ETC.

1. Is the Constitution a league of sovereign states? 2. What was it designed to form? Ans. A national government?

3. By whom was it ordained and established?

4. By whom can it be changed or abolished?

5. Who is to decide as to the constitutionality of acts of Congress?

6. How are the powers of government divided by the Con stitution?

7. What is the duty of the legislative department?

8. What is the duty of the judicial department?

9. What is the duty of the executive department?

10. Where is the legislative power placed by the Constitution?

11. How is Congress composed?

12. Why are two houses of Congress better than one? 13. How is the House of Representatives composed? 14. What are the qualifications of members?

15. How are representatives apportioned among the states? 16. What is the present ratio of representation?

17. Suppose a state has less than that number of inhabitants? 18. What is done when vacancies occur in the representation from any state?

19. Who presides over the House of Representatives? 20. Who decide cases of contested elections?

21. Who decide cases of contested elections in the Senate?

22. Where is the power of impeachment vested?

23. What is an impeachment?

24. By whom are impeachments tried?

25. How is the Senate composed?

26. Why are senators chosen for a longer time than representatives?

27. Why do not all the senators go out of office at the same time?

28. What are the qualifications for senators?

29. Who is the presiding officer of the Senate ?

30. Suppose vacancies occur in the representation of a state? 31. What judicial power does the Senate possess?

32. Who would preside if the President of the United States should be tried?

33. What punishment can follow conviction on impeachment? 34. How often must Congress' meet?

35. What constitutes a quorum of each house?

36. When may the yeas and nays be called for?

37. What is the compensation of members of Congress?

38. What are the privileges of members?

39. To what offices are they ineligible?

40. May a member of Congress hold any office under the government of the United States.

41. May an officer in the army have a seat in Congress?

42. State the mode of passing laws?

43. What is done if the President refuses to sign a bill? 44. What is the veto power?

CHAPTER XII.

POWERS OF CONGRESS.

1. What is the power of Congress in respect to taxation?

"Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States." Art. I. § 8. 1.

2. What are duties and imposts?

Taxes levied on goods upon their importation from a foreign country.

3. What are excises?

Taxes levied upon goods manufactured, or sold, or used in a country.

4. For what objects is it here stated that taxes may be laid?

"To pay the debts and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the United States."

5. Has Congress power to lay duties in order to protect and foster domestic manufactures?

Repeated decisions of the Supreme Court have settled this question in the affirmative.

6. What is the second power of Congress mentioned in the eighth section of the first Article of the Constitution?

"To borrow money on the credit of the United States."

7. Why is Congress empowered to borrow money? Because there are times especially when the country is engaged in war when the expenses would be too great to be met by the usual means of income with sufficient promptness.

8. What is the third power?

"To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes."

9. Why should Congress possess this power?

In order to prevent encroachments on our commerce by foreign nations, and in order that the regulations may be uniform throughout the United States.

10. What is a tariff?

A law imposing duties or taxes on goods imported from foreign countries.

11. What is a revenue tariff?

A tariff having for its sole object the raising of money for the government.

12. What is a protective tariff?

A tariff which has for its object the encouragement of domestic products and manufactures.

13. How are tariff duties collected?

The law requires all foreign goods to be landed at certain ports, called ports of entry, and at every port of entry a collector is appointed to receive the duties levied by law on goods imported.

14. What is a custom-house?

The custom-house is the building in which the collector and his assistants transact the business of the revenue.

15. What is the fourth power?

"To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies, throughout the United States."

16. What are naturalization laws?

Laws regulating the manner in which foreigners may become citizens of the United States.

17. How may a foreigner become a citizen?

He must go before a court, and declare upon oath his intention to become a citizen.

18. How long before his admission as a citizen must this declaration be made?

Two years.

19. What must he do at the end of the two years? He must go before the court and take an oath to support the Constitution, and renounce his allegiance to all other governments.

20. How long must he live in the United States before he can become a citizen?

Five years.

21. What are bankrupt laws?

Laws discharging insolvent debtors from the legal obligation to pay their debts.

22. What is the fifth power?