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INDEX.

Cæsar, de Bello Gal., 158 (1).
California. See Compromise measures.
Calhoun's Works, 7 (1), 313 (1), 400 (2),

405 (2), 407 (1, 3, 4), 408 (2), 413
(2), 421 (1), 423 (1), 424 (1, 2), 432
(1), 488 (1), 555 (1).

Campanius, 206 (1), 219 (2).
Campbell, Lord, Lives of the Chief Jus-
tices, 374 (1), 376 (3).
Campbell, Mr. Justice, in Dred Scott's
case, citing Bodin, 338 (2); on Ver-
delin's slaves, 340 (1), 342 (1), 343
(1); statement of rule of internat. law,
373 (1); on Missouri Compromise,
534-538, 557, 566, (2), 573 (1).
Canadian Freeholder, 124 (3).
Canciani, Leges Barbarorum, 23 (1), 158
(2).

Canon Law, force of, 29 (1), 95; the De-
cretals cited, 157 (1), 160 (1).
Capacity for rights, an element of status,
134.

Capitulation of the Dutch at N. Y., Articles

of, 278 (1).

Captivity in war, cause of slavery, 150; of

American Indians, 200. See Indians.
Caput, a synonym of status, 40 (2, 3).
Carneades, 2 (2).

Cases reported. See the Table of.
Caste, defined, 44.

Catron, Mr. Justice, in Dred Scott's case;
on property in oneself, 516 (1); Mis-
souri Comp., 539-541, 543 (1), 557,
559 (1).

Caucasian, the term, 217.
Causes Clèbres, slave cases in, 337 (1),
338, 339 (1), 342, 344.
Cession of territory by the States, 410.
Chalmers, Pol. Annals, 120 (1), 121 (1),
197 (2), 219 (1), 388 (3).

Hist. of Rev., 118 (1).

Opinions, 117 (2), 122 (2), 126
(2), 129 (2, 3), 218 (1), 242 (1).
Charlemagne, slavery in his time, 159 (1);

law of, for rendition of slaves, 340 (1).
Charters, colonial, their personal guaran-

tees, 119; construed by personal dis-
tinctions embraced in universal ju-
risprudence, 207; of English liberty,
135 (1); of Virginia, 228 (1), 234 (1);
of Lord Baltimore, 247 (1); Mass.
254 (2), 256 (3); Commission to Cutts,
265 (1); Conn. 270 (1), 273 (2);
Providence Pl. 273 (3), and Rh. I.
275 (1); of Duke of York, 278 (2);
of W. Penn, 286 (1); Carolina Proprie-
tors, 293 (1); Trustees of Ga. 309 (2).
Chattel slavery defined, 40; its prevalence

601

in antiquity, 154; why cognizable by
universal jurisprudence, 104; when
not cognizable by reason of a uni-
versal attribution of rights, 106; how
modified on introduction of Chris-
tianity, 156; became lawful in the
colonies, 206; may have changed in
some of the colonies into a different
bond status, 210, 368.

Chase, Judge, on distribution of sover-
eignty, 469 (2), on limitation of leg-
islature, 519 (5).

Chicago Press, case on negro citizenship,
437 (1).

Chipman on Government, 130 (2).
Chitty, Commercial law, 119 (1), 120 (1).
on Prerogative, 118 (1), 119 (1),
120 (1), 126 (2).

Choate, address before N. Y. New England
Soc., 125 (2).

Christianity, its effect on slavery during
the Roman empire, 155; in sustaining
slavery of heathen barbarians, 159;
how far a part of common law, 172;
recognition in some colonial codes,
198; negro slavery said to be an in-
stitution of, 165 (1).

Christian's notes to Blackstone, 1 (1), 29
(2), 128, 130 (2), 588 (2).
Christinæus, 335, 384 (2).
Church, the, not authority in law, 12;
doctrines of, respecting slavery, 157;
enslaving by the Roman, 160, (2, 5).
membership, qualification for

voting, 121.

Cicero, 5 (2), 24 (1), 29 (2), 87 (2), 154
(3), 426 (2).

Citizen defined by Ch. J. Taney, 412 (2);

negroes held not, in Dred Scott's case,
434; contra by McLean, 435, and
Curtis, 436 (2); different meanings of
the term in the Constitution, 435.
Civil law, use of the word, 7 (3); in Dutch
colonies, 221 (1), 277 (2).

Civil liberty, its guarantees in English law,

134; connection with political liberty,
419.

Claim in pais, for delivery of slave, 330 n.
Clay, on extension of the Constitution,

423; on State law in U. S. courts,

490 (2).

Cobb, Joseph B., Leisure Labors, 516 (1).
Code, civil, Projet du, 15 (1).
Code noir of Louis XIV., 343.
Coke's Institutes, 4 (3, 4), 13 (3), 27 (2),

28 (1), 32 (1), 127, 128 (1), 131 (1),
135 (1), 136 (1), 137 (1), 141 (1), 174,
(1), 211 (1), 218 (2), 507 (1).
Colebrooke, Paper on Slavery in India,
203 (2).

Coleridge, S. T., 513 (5), 524 (2).
Collamer, Senator, on property in slaves,
581 (1).

Collision of laws, use of term, 97 (3).
Colonial Governments, views of their
powers, 120, 126; how abrogated by
the revolution, 400; law for slavery,
209, 225.

Colonies, origin of law in, 228; negro
slavery, when introduced, 205; law of
those not first settled by English,
221; private law of, continued after
the Revolution, 467.
Colonists, their doctrine of the public law
of the empire, 120-126; personal laws
determining their condition, 196.
Colored races, basis of their status in the
colonies, 215.

Condition of things, 2; personal, defined,

39; two distinct laws of, in the colo-
nies, 216, 226.
Congress, its recommendation to colonial
conventions, 267 (1), 402 (2); pro-
ceedings relative to St. John Parish
and the Mecklenburgh decl., 406
(1); of the Revolution had no power
over status, 469; question of its power
over slavery in the Territories, 525;
autonomic power in admission of
States, 412, (1).

Correspondence between Gov. of New Neth.
and N. E. Commissioners, 268 (5).
Confederacy of New England colonies, 268
(5), 329.

Confederation, state sovereignty in, 407
(1); article affecting status in, 522.
Conflict of laws, 62, 97.

Connecticut, sovereignty in the freemen
of, 126 (4); origin of Gov. 267 (2);
slavery in, 212 (2), 359 (4); statute
law of colony, 267–273.
Conquered countries, their laws continue,
114.

Conspiracy of slaves. See Slaves, insur-
rection.

Constitutio juris gentium, meaning of, 152.
Constitutions, force of written, 396; if

changeable except in accordance with
their own terms, 413; authority is of
the nature of customary law, 27, (2);
containing legislative changes of ex-
isting law, 526, (2); of the several
States as restrictive of legislature,
520.

Constitution of the United States, by what
people established, 400; evidence of
the location of sovereign power, 422;
contains private law also, 423, 452;
whether it speaks of slaves as prop-
erty or as persons, 560.

Constant, M. Benj., 35 (3), 420 (3), 461 (1).
Contrary and opposite, the terms distin-
guished, 524 (2).

Conversion to Christianity. See Baptism.
Convention, revolutionary, at Exeter, N. H.
267 (1).

Convicts, statute against importation of,
Va.,232; Md., 250; Conn., 272; Pa.,
290.

Coode on Legislative Expression, 20 (3).
Cooper's version of Inst., 214 (1).
Cornbury, Governor, of N. Y. and N. J.,

283, 280; his instructions, 280 (1).
Corpus Juris Civilis. See Roman Law.
Comity, reason of the judicial rule so called,

69; error prevalent on this topic, 73,
76, 352; substitute for the ordinary
rule, 81; application of the rule to
slave cases during the colonial period,
366; question of, in Dred Scott's case,
490 (2).

Commerce, law of, maritime, embracing
universal jurisprudence, 89 (1); sla-
very under it, 174.
Commissioners of the united N. E. Col.,
268 (5).

of the U. S. Courts, their
office ministerial, 508; judicial au-
thority on their action under the fa-
gitive slave law, 501 (2), 508 (1).
Common law, what is, 31; Jefferson's
view, 119 (1); its personal extent in
America, 124-129; its extent in the
British empire, 131; its effect as a
law of condition, 132; its local devel-
opment in each colony, 209; none
having a national territorial extent
in the U. S., 478-482; may operate
as a personal law, 480; when sus-
taining and when not sustaining sla-
very in the colonies, 324, 390.
Compact, the theory of the social, not il-
lustrated in the U. S., 400 (2), 513
(5); of voluntary compacts in the first
settlement of the colonies, 120, 254,
265 (1), 267.

Compromise, the unconstitutionality of the
Missouri, 528 (1); the compromise
measures of 1850, 563 (1).
Comstock, Judge, on power of legislature,

529 (5); on the foundation of prop-
erty, 565 (1).

Comte, Traité de Legislation, 7 (2); de
la Propriété, 469 (2).
Corvinus, Jus Canonicum, 94 (1).
Courts of ordinary jurisdiction in the
States. their concurrent judicial
power, 501.
Covarruvias, 204 (2).
Cousin, 7 (1).

INDEX.

Cowell's Inst., 207 (3).
Crawford, Judge, on judicial power under
fug slave law, 502 (2).
Criminals, surrender of in Conn., 272; in
N. E. Articles of Confed., 268 (5).
See Convicts.
Cruikshank, Slavery on the Gold Coast,
203 (2).

Curtis, G. T., Commentaries on the Jurisd.
&c., of the U. S. Courts, 429 (3), 492
(1), 493 (1, 3), 496 (1, 2), 498 (2),
567 (1), 590 (3); History of the Con-
stitution, 120 (1), 126 (2), 314 (2),
400 (2), 401 (1), 406 (1, 2, 5), 408
(2), 518 (2).

Mr. Justice, in Dred Scott's case,
334 (3); slavery a variable status,
358 (5); meaning of citizen, 436 (2);
criterion of State law, 490 (2); on
the Missouri Compromise, 546-554.
Cushing, L. S., on Study of Roman Law,
15 (1), 25 (3), 29 (1). Law of legisla-
tive Assemblies, 486 (1), 509 (1).
Custom, effect and not cause of law, 26.
Customary law, included in positive law,

30, 577; origin of an international,
84; foundation of negro slavery, 206;
international in case of slaves during
the colonial period, 334; an inter-
national, recognized in slave cases,
353; none for slavery in England,
380.

D

D'Aguesseau, 4 (1), 9 (1), 10 (1), 12 (1),
14 (2), 18 (1), 24 (1), 31 (1).
Dane's Abridgment, 408 (2).
Daniel, Mr. Justice, on the Roman law

of Libertini, 214 (1, 2); on the status
of Africans by the law of nations, 321
(1); on slavery in the Territories,
531-534.

Danish settlements, law in, 219 (2), 221
(1), 291 (1), 344 (2).
Debtors required to satisfy by personal ser-
vice, statute Conn., 271; Pa., 288.
Decisions, judicial, their force, 25, 526 (2);
in international law, 33, 330; of the
colonial courts, 209.
Declaration of Rights of continental Cong.,

126 (2); of Virginia, 246.
Declaration of Independence, its effect on
personal condition, 467-471; the
Mecklenburg, 296, 402 (1), 406 (1).
Decretals. See Canon Law.
Deferriere, 28 (2).

Definitions, maxim in Digest, 3 (2); who
should make them in science, 469 (2).

603

Delaware, slavery in the settlements on
the, 206; statutes of the Col., 291-
293.

Delivery of fugitives on claim, 330.
De Maistre, 16 (4), 396 (2).
Demosthenes, 5 (2).

Denisart, Decisions Nouvelles, 343 (1),
344 (2).

De Tocqueville, 16 (2), 404 (2), 408 (2).
De Tracy, comment. Montesq.1(1), 417 (2).
Descent of personal laws, 196, 466; sla-
very by. See Birth.
Despotic power.
See Absolute power.
Dew on Slavery, 516 (1).
Digest. See Roman Law.
Diogenes, Laertius, 2 (2).
Dionysius Halicarnassensis, 144 (1).
Distributed sovereignty. See Sovereignty.
District of Columbia, 453, 563 (1).
Doctor and Student, 3 (2), 13 (3), 15 (1),
29 (2), 36 (2).

Domat, 1 (2), 4 (1), 7 (1), 16 (4), 144 (3),
315 (1).

Domicil, personal extent of laws deter-
mined by, 49, 112; law of determin..
ing status, and the exception, 109 (1);
its importance in the international law
of the colonies, 316; case of slave's
return to, 384.

Douglas, Summary, 274 (1).
Dred Scott's case, opinion of the court,

who are citizens, 412 (2); negroes not
citizens, 434; constitution operating
as bill of rights, 440 (2), 463 (1), 529;
effect of Declaration of Independence,
471 (2); criterion of State law, 490
(2); constitutionality of the Missouri
Comp., 528; opinions of Justices
Wayne and Grier, 531; of Justices
Daniel and Campbell, 531-538; Mr.
Justice Catron, 539; Mr. Justice
McLean, 541; Mr. Justice Curtis,
546; summary of the opinions, 557;
argument against the decision, 560-
570.

Droit, use of term, 146 (1).
Dromond's slave, Va., 231.
Duck's Treatise, 145 (1).
Duer on Insurance, 29 (2).
Duke's Laws, the, 278.
Dummer's Defence of the N. E. Charters,
118 (1), 129 (1).

Dunning, in Somerset's case, 376 (4), 377.
Dumont's Corps Diplomatique, 175 (1).
Duponceau on Jurisdiction, 16 (2), 18 (1),

31 (1), 47 (3), 140 (3), 145 (1), 481
(1, 3), 482 (3), 498 (1).
Dutch settlements, negro slavery in, 206;
civil law in, 277 (2).
Dwarris on Statutes, 127 (1).

Edrisius, 162 (3).

E

Edward the Confessor, common law in his
time, 131 (2), 172 (1).

Elective franchise, 227; colonial statute
law respecting, Va., 232, 238, 242,
246; Md., 254; Mass., 255, 256, 261,
262; Conn., 268, 271; Rh. L., 273
(3); N. J., 286; S. Car., 298, 301.
Ellenborough, Lord, on recognition of fo-
reign law, 68 (2); on personal laws
in India, 216 (1).
Elliot's Hist. of N. E, 219 (5), 259 (1),
277 (1).

Elliott's Debates, 408 (2).

Emancipation. See Manumission; Slaves.
Encyclopedia Am. vol. vii. See Story.
England, local customs in, 99 (1), 116 (2);

law of, its extent in conquered coun-
tries, 117; negro slavery in, during
colonial period, 170-188; slaves being
there, stat. of Va. respecting, 239,
243.
England, Bishop, Letters on Slavery, 150
(1), 157 (1), 160 (1), 167 (3).
Equality of men, effect of its assertion in

the Declaration of Independence, 468.
Equity, distinguished from law only as a
method of remedy, 31, n.
Euripides, Hec., 459 (2).
European race, extent of laws to, the, 217,
320, 324.
Evidence.

See Testimony.

Existence and realization of relations dis-
tinguished, 59.

Extent of law, 80; criterion of it, 96; of
English law of personal condition in
the empire, 140, 196; not changed
by the Constitution, 465.
Extradition by the executive, not demand-
able in case of slaves during the colo-
nial period, 387.

F

Falck, Juristiche Encyclopädie, 5 (1), 15
(3), 26 (2), 28 (2), 40 (2), 509 (1),
510 (1, 2), 526 (3).
Faucher, 22 (1), 46 (2).
Federalist, No 39, by Madison, 405 (2),

406 (5); No. 82, by Hamilton, 492
(2), 493 (2), 496 (2), 498 (2).
Feudal slavery, nature of, 44; replaced
chattel slavery in Europe, 157.

institutions, an illustration of dis-
tributed sovereignty, 314 (1), 408
(1).

Feræ naturæ, animals, distinguished from
slaves, 385 (1).

Ferguson, Report on Divorce, 383 (2).
Fichte, 35 (1).

Final arbiter of power under the Constitu-
tion, 430.

Finch, Sir Henry, 27 (2), 29 (1), 32 (1).
Fitzherbert, 179 (2).
Fleta, 127 (1), 207 (3).
Fletcher, Studies on Slavery, 157 (1), 158
(2), 160 (2).

Fœlix, Droit International Privé, 9(1), 15
(1), 29 (2), 65 (1), 75, 78 (1), 86 (1),
99 (1), 100 (2), 109 (1).
Foreign commerce, negro slaves in, during
the colonial period, 323; power of
imperial Government over, 126.

law, its authority, 28, 33, 68, 82;
measure of the allowance of its effect,
79, 82.

precedents, their force in inter-
national law, 84, 334.

Fortescue de Laudibus, 13 (5), 211 (1).
Forum of jurisdiction or of domicil, 83.
Foster's Lecture, 7 (1).

France, seridom in, 158, 159, 339 (1), cus-
tomary law of in case of slaves, 337-
344.

Franchise. See Elective.
Francisque, case of negro in France, 344.
Free condition, on what power resting in

the colonies, 215.

Freemen, who, in the sense of electors, in
the N. E. colonies, 121; in Mass,262;
their action in the Revolution, 401.

Free negroes. See Negroes.

Free persons, sale of such as slaves, statute
against, Va., 239, 243, 244; Md. 251;
Del. 293.

reduced to servitude by statute,
249, 251 (1), 252, 253.

Freedom, how it may be described, 394;
how it may exist, 419, 394; civil, so-
cial, and political distinguished, 130,
415; how distinguishable under the
laws of the U. S., 459; how, in a
sense, impossible, 459 (2).
Fueros, the Spanish, 160 (1).
Fugitive. See Slaves, servants.

slave law. See Compromise
measures. Commissioners, U. S.
Functions of sovereignty, their separation,
314 (2); how held by the national
Government, 424; theory of their ex-
ercise in the Territories, 589-592.
Fundamentals, the, general, of Plymouth
Col., 254; of Massachusetts Bay Col.,

258.

Gaius, 89 (1).

G

Gentilis, Albericus, 337 (1).

INDEX.

Georgia, slavery when introduced, 206–
212 (2); statute law of the colony,
309-311.

German empire, an international law of,
100 (1).

Germany, slavery in ancient, 158 (1);
slavery not recognized in modern, 161
(2); but law of some districts as to
liberty of strangers, 340.

Gerry, Elbridge, life of, 401 (1), 408 (2).
Gibbon, 160 (1).

[blocks in formation]

Governments, the colonial, their origin,
117-125; held the local sovereignty,
128; were divested of it by the Rev-
olution, 399; not all changed simul-
taneously, 403.

the national and the State, do
not possess sovereign power, 424,
513-520; powers of the national,
425-427; those of the States are not
restricted by the Conct. of U. S. as a
bill of rights, 476, 477; power of the
State G. over slavery, 517; of the
national G. in the Territory, 589–59.
Graham, Hist. of U. S., 219 (5), 122 (2),
401 (1).

Granger, speech in Ho. of Rep. 515 (3).
Gray, F. C., on Mass. Fundamentals, 258
(2).

Gravina, 16 (4), 147 (3).
Greenleaf's Evid., 74 (1), 88 (1).
Grier, Mr. Justice, observations on Som-
erset's case, 194; on habeas corpus
by State judiciary, 495 (7); opinion
in Dred Scott's case, 531.
Grimké, on a distributed sovereignty, 408
(1).

Groenewegen, law of the Netherlands in

slave cases, 335.

Grotius, 2 (2), 3 (1), 7 (3), 9 (2), 14 (1),
16 (4), 24 (1), 28 (2), 29 (1), 33 (1),
156 (3), 158 (4), 346, 417 (2).
Guadentius, de Justinianæi Sæc. Mor.,
156 (4).
Guarantees distinguished from liberty, 420

(3); the, of liberty in English law,
131; in the constitution of a repub-
lican government, 515; guarantee of
private property in Cons. of U. S., as
protecting slavery, 529.

605

Gudelin, de Jure Novissimo, 157 (1), 158
(4), 160 (1), 167 (3), 384, 385 (1).

Я

Hakluyt, 164 (1), 177 (1).
Hale, Ch. J., 20 (1), 128, 145 (1).
Hallam's Mid. Ages, 159 (1); Literature
of Europe, 204 (2).

Hall, J. P., address before N. E. Society,
122 (2).

Ham, issue of, 165 (1).
Hamilton. See Hedaya.

Alexander. See Federalist.
Hammond, Senator, speech on slave ques-
tion, 524 (2); writings, 516 (1).
Hardwicke, Lord, 185.

Hargrave's argument in Somerset's case,
376 (2), 378 (1).

Harper, Chancellor, 43 (2); 516 (1).
Harrington's Analysis, 203 (2).
Harrison. See Holinshed.
Hartford, government at, 267.
Hayward. See Savigny.
Hazard's Annals of Pa., 206 (1); Collec-
tions, 254 (2), 256 (3), 268 (5), 275
(2), 278 (3).

Heathens, slavery of, 160.
Hebrew law in Conn., 268 (2).
Hedaya, Mussulman Law of slavery in the,
23 (1), 167 (1, 2).

Heffter, 21 (2), 22 (1), 28 (3), 33 (1), 34
(1), 35 (1), 93 (3), 156 (1).
Hegel, 6 (2), 35 (1), 47 (2).
Heineccius, 88 (1), 94 (1), 144 (1), 147
(1), 151 (3), 152 (1), 154 (1), 158 (2),
211 (1).

Hening, statutes of Va., 119 (5), and see
Va, statutes.
Herrera, 167 (3).
Hertius, 97 (2), 99 (3).
Hewit, Hist. of S. C., 205 (1).
Hildreth, Desp. in Am., 185 (2), 576 (1);

Hist. of U. S., 121 (3), 122 (2), 123(1),
124 (1), 160 (4), 173 (1), 175 (2), 204
(1), 205 (1), 206 (1), 212 (2), 219
(3, 5), 220 (4), 226 (2), 233 (1), 249
(1), 254 (2), 261 (1, 2), 262 (2), 268
(4), 271 (1), 275 (1), 279 (1), 287 (1,
2), 301 (1), 309 (2), 376 (3), 402 (2),
403 (1).
Hindoo law, 115 (1).
Historical element in law, 47.
law of nations.
jurisprudence.

See Universal

school of jurisprudence, 47

(2).
Hobart, Chief Justice, on power of par-
liament, 127.

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