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9. The secretary of the interior is charged with receiving, arranging, safe-keeping, and with the distribution of, all printed journals of the two Houses of Congress, and all other books, of whatever nature, printed and purchased for the use of government, except such as are printed or purchased for the use of Congress or for the particular use of any of the other departments. He is required to set apart a suitable room in the Patent Office for their safe-keeping.

The following is a list of the secretaries of this department from its organization, with the dates of their appointments:

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ART. VIII. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE.

1. By act of Congress, Sept. 24, 1789, there is to be appointed an attorney-general of the United States, who shall be sworn to the faithful execution of his office. He may appoint an assistant at a salary of $3,500 a year.

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2. The duties of his office may be classified as follows: Ist, He shall prosecute and conduct all suits in the Supreme Court in which the United States shall be concerned.

2d, He shall give advice and opinions on questions of law when required by the President of the United States.

3d, He shall give legal advice and opinions, when requested by the heads of any of the departments, touching any matter that concerns their departments.

4th, He shall advise with and direct the solicitor of the treasury as to the manner of conducting suits, proceedings, and prosecutions.

5th, He is charged with the general superintendence and direction of all United States district attorneys and marshals; and they are required to report to him an account of their official proceedings, and the condition of their respective offices, at such times and in such manner as he may direct.

6th, All applications to the President for pardons in cases of conviction under the laws of the United States are referred to the attorney-general for examination and his opinion.

7th, He oversees and conducts the transfer of all lands purchased by the United States as sites for the erection of public works for government use. He sees to the examination of the titles in such cases.

3. The attorney-general is authorized to employ a chief clerk at a salary of $2,200 a year; two clerks (one a "pardon clerk," and the other an "opinion clerk "), at salaries of $1,800 a year each; and several other clerks with salaries varying from $1,200 to $1,600 a year.

4. The following is a list of the attorneys-general from the institution of this office, with the dates of appointment:

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NATHAN CLIfford,

ISAAC TOUCEY,

REVERDY JOHNSON,
JOHN J. CRITTENDEN,

CALEB CUSHING,
JEREMIAH S. BLACK,

EDWIN M. STANTON,

EDWARD BATES,
JAMES SPEED,

HENRY STANBERY,
WILLIAM M. EVARTS,
E. ROCKWOOD HOAR,
AMOS T. AKERMAN,
GEORGE H. WILLIAMS,
EDWARDS PIErrepont,
ALPHONSO TAFT,

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ART. IX.-DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

1. Originally and until the year 1862 the Department of Agriculture was a division of the Patent Office, and its duties. were more or less distinctly defined by law. The first definite appropriation for agricultural purposes in connection with the work of the Patent Office was made in the year 1839. In 1862 the Department of Agriculture was established by law, and a commissioner of agriculture was

appointed. The department was not subject to any other executive department of the government, but still did not occupy a place as an executive department of cabinet rank. This continued to be the case until February, 1889, when, by an act of Congress, the Department of Agriculture was constituted one of the chief executive departments of the government, the head of the department being styled “secretary of agriculture," and at the same time made an officer of cabinet rank.

2. In addition to the secretary of agriculture, there is an assistant secretary with a salary of $4,500, a chief clerk, chief of division accounts, and librarian, besides numerous clerks and officials.

The Department of Agriculture also embraces numerous divisions for specific work under the direction of the secretary, as follows:

Ist, Botanical Division, under the charge of a botanist, assistant botanist, and subordinates.

2d, Pomological Division, under the charge of a chief pomologist.

3d, Microscopical Division, under the charge of a microscopist and assistants.

4th, Chemical Division, under the charge of a chief chemist and numerous assistants.

5th, Entomological Division, under the charge of an entomologist and assistants.

6th, Division of Economic Ornithology and Mammalogy, under the charge of an ornithologist and assistants.

7th, Experimental Garden and Grounds, under the charge of a superintendent.

8th, Museum, under the charge of a curator of museum and assistants.

9th, Seed Division, under the charge of chief of Seed Division and assistants,

Ioth, Statistical Division, under the charge of a statistician and numerous assistants.

11th, Forestry Division, under the charge of chief of Forestry Division.

The duties of these several divisions are sufficiently indicated by their titles.

The following is a list of the names of secretaries of agriculture, with the dates of their appointments:

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3. There is one principal messenger employed in each of the offices of the secretaries of the departments, at a salary of $900 a year; and there is one principal messenger in each of the bureaus of the several executive departments, at a salary of $840 a year. There are also other messengers and assistant messengers in each of the departments, at a salary of $700 a year.

4. The heads of these eight departments are the President's constitutional advisers, and constitute his cabinet, each having a salary of $8,000 a year. Each of the executive departments has an official seal, which is annexed to all public documents issuing from their respective offices.

ART. X.

-SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.

The following is a list of the speakers of the House of Representatives, from the adoption of the Constitution to 1889, with dates of election:

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