"Heracleitisiren der Menge." And the general tone is that of a prophet rebuking a perverse generation rather than of a scholastic polemic against an individual.

Lastly, both Patin and Diels take the πάντων δὲ παλίντροπος ἐστι κέλευθος as a distinct reference to the παλίντροπος ἁρμονίη or to the ὁδὸς ἄνω κάτω. But (1) this involves an extremely harsh construction: we must repeat in thought ois and render 'in whose opinion there is a maλívтроños Kéλevbos of all things.' The more natural construction and meaning are that they are all astray, all on the wrong or self-contradictory path. Cf. ódoí (34), Kéλevdos (36), οδοί κέλευθος ἀταρπόν (38), ὁδοῦ (45), ὁδοῖο (57), “onde la traccia vostra & for di strada" (Dante, Purg. 8 in fine). (2) maλivтроños, as Zeller observes, is not the only reading in Heraclitus, and in any case is not so strange a word that its nearly contemporary use implies borrowing.

1

The parallel xpivaɩ dè λóy, which Patin thinks is a scornful echo of Heraclitus' Aoyos, raises a general question. At a certain stage of reflection it is inevitable that the philosopher should appeal to Anyos or voos against the superficial testimony of the senses. Heraclitus, Parmenides, Empedocles, Anaxagoras and Democritus all do so, though, in the opinion of Plato and Aristotle, they have no right to use this criterion, since they do not distinguish sense-perception and thought. We possess almost no texts of any philosopher before Heraclitus, and he happens to be the first to express the idea. Must we say that all the others borrowed it of him? A similar question arises with regard to another group of parallels common to Diels and Patin most of which have already been cited. Norden has recently pointed out that Heraclitus and Empedocles offer the earliest good examples of the Gorgian figures. Diels and Patin are inclined to attribute to direct imitation of Heraclitus all early use of such rhetorical figures as occur first in him. Thus Diels, in an interesting note on διὰ παντὸς πάντα περῶντα (32), points out that this παρήχησις οἱ πᾶν, so common in Plato, is not found in the drama or in early poetry. It occurs in Her. fr. 19: κυβερνῆσαι πάντα διὰ πάντων. Hence Diels infers that Parmenides and Empedocles learned it from Heraclitus. The case is similar with aрeóνта άπεóνта (supra, p. 214) and, according to Patin, with καὶ πᾶσιν καὶ παντὶ (150), δοκοῦντα δοκίμως (32), hora (supra, p. 212). I can not accept this reasoning. The pointed antithetical phrase of Heraclitus doubtless exercised considerable influence on the development of 5th-century rhetoric. It is interesting to note that he first used the raphxnois of nav. But it is impossible to believe that no Greek could have employed so simple a device in the years 480-440, except as a lesson learned from him.

1 Patin, p. 517, tries to distinguish this as an utterly abandoned, narrow path from KEλevoç above. But it is merely a convenient synonym. Cf. Emped. 405 : ὅπη πρὸς κέρδος ἀταρπός.

I have neither space nor inclination to repeat the details of Patin's reconstruction of the "Welt und Zonen System." It is no better and no worse than Burnet's annular earth, Tannery's whorls borrowed from the myth of Er, or the complication of wheels and cylinders which Neuhauser discovers in Anaximander. Patin makes the universe a sphere, of which the earth is the lower segment. The outer periphery is the mayos meρéxov, the aether is the upper segment, and the other orepával are intermediate bands or zones on the sphere. He justifies the strange shape which he assigns to the earth by the word orpoyyúdos, which is used by Diogenes Laertius in the passage (8, 48) where he discusses the claims of Pythagoras and Parmenides to priority in attributing the round shape to the earth. Patin thinks orpoyyiλos means "ein Körper dessen Wölbung durch eine Ebene abgeschnitten wird." This was not Plato's opinion, Parmen. 137 E: oтpoyyúdov yé ñoú ἐστι τοῦτο οὗ ἂν τὰ ἔσχατα πανταχῇ ἀπὸ τοῦ μέσου ἴσον ἀπέχῃ.

PAUL SHOREY.

REPORTS.

REVUE DE PHILOLOGIE, Vol. XXIII.

No. I.

I.

1. Pp. 1-36. The Temple of Didymean Apollo (third article), with an appendix on the door of the doxos at Epidaurus, and on the passage of Vitruvius (IV 6) concerning doors or gates, by B. Haussoullier. This article is very interesting, especially to archaeologists, but can not be made intelligible in a brief précis.

2. Pp. 37-50. Valerius Flaccus and the Barbarians, by René Harmand. The effect of this searching article is to place Valerius Flaccus on a higher pedestal.

3. Pp. 50-52. Ad Inscript. Gr. Insul Maris Aegaei, III 331, by Ch. Michel.

4. P. 52. In Cic. Fin. 2, 15, Louis Havet finds a quotation from Lucilius.

5. Pp. 53-67. Critical notes on the Gospels of St. Matthew and St. Mark (16 passages), by Joseph Viteau.

6. Pp. 68-79. The Saturnian Verse, by Henri Bornecque. The author disregards totally the accentual theory. He examines the ancient treatment of the verse, and all the extant examples. He emends a few, rejects a few, and adds a few. His conclusions are as follows: 1. The Saturnian is composed of six feet and a long syllable over; it is an iambic septenarius catalectic. The pure foot is the fifth. The first foot may be an iambus, tribrach, spondee, or anapaest; the second, an iambus, spondee, or anapaest; the third, a pyrrhic (as iambus), iambus, tribrach, or spondee or its substitutes; the fourth, an iambus, spondee, or dactyl; the fifth, an iambus only; the sixth as the third. 2. The separations between words cut the verse into four parts: first and second feet, third foot and first half of fourth, second half of fourth and whole of fifth, end of verse. Between these different members hiatus is allowed, and the last syllable of each is anceps. The invariable main caesura is hepthemimeral; the other two caesuras may, in case of necessity (as in dealing with proper names) be displaced a half-foot. 3. The third and fourth half-feet, as also the eighth and ninth (that is, the last syllables of the first and third members), may be replaced by a protracted long syllable, and even a short (being here in the place of an anceps) may be

thus prolonged. The same liberty is allowed the twelfth and thirteenth half-feet, but only when it is necessary for the verse to end with a spondaic word.

7. Pp. 80-87. A list of Milesian Metoecs, by B. Haussoullier. The author makes it almost certain that Miletus should be added to the list of cities that had metoecs, and produces an inscription containing a considerable list of them.

8. Pp. 88-104. Book Notices. 1) Mélanges Henri Weil; Paris, 1898. B. H. classifies (without reviewing) the thirty-nine articles of this volume dedicated to Henri Weil on the completion of the eightieth year of his life. He then makes some highly eulogistic remarks concerning the great philologian and his amazing activity. 2) Homère, étude historique et critique par Victor Terret; Paris, 1899. Unfavorably mentioned by Albert Martin. Terret holds that one and the same Homer composed both the Iliad and the Odyssey, that every episode is genuine, that there are no inconsistencies-in short, that every difficulty can be easily explained away. 3) Cornell Studies in Classical Philology, VIII. The Five Post-Kleisthenean Tribes,. by Fred Orlando Bates; Macmillan, 1898. Very favorably noticed by Albert Martin. 4) Thucydidis Historiae ad optimos codices ab ipso collatis [sic]. Recensuit Dr. Carolus Hude. Tomus prior, libri I-IV. Leipzig, 1898. Albert Martin gives a brief review and concludes: the author has not shown enough critical spirit; but the edition marks an important advance. 5) W. Warren, A Study of Conjunctional Temporal Clauses in Thucydides; Berlin, 1898. This Bryn Mawr doctor-dissertation E. Chambry finds very meritorious, though it produces no important new facts. He commends some new interpretations and conjectures. He takes the author to be a man. 6) C. L. Jungius, De vocabulis antiquae comoediae Atticae quae apud solos comicos aut omnino inveniuntur aut peculiari notione praedita occurrunt; Amsterdam, 1897. Albert Martin finds much to condemn in this work, and nothing to commend. He enumerates many faults. 7) Extraits des orateurs attiques, texte grec publié avec une introduction, des éclaircissements historiques, un index et des notes, par Louis Bodin; Paris, 1898. B. Haussoullier reviews this work very favorably, but notices some slight faults. 8) Die Attische Beredsamkeit. Dritte Abtheilung, zweiter Abschnitt: Demosthenes' Genossen und Gegner. Dargestellt von Friedrich Blass; Leipzig, 1898. (Second edition.) Briefly but favorably noticed by Albert Martin. 9) W. M. Lindsay, Introduction à la critique des textes latins basée sur le texte de Plaute, traduite par J.-P. Waltzing; Paris, 1898. Georges Ramain finds this book useful, not only for students but for some teachers. He thinks there should have been a chapter on the necessity of understanding a text perfectly before attempting to emend it. 10) M. Tullii Ciceronis pro T. Annio Milone oratio ad iudices. Texte latin revu, corrigé et

annoté par J. et A. Wagener. 3° édition; Bruxelles, 1898. J. Lebreton considers this a good work marred by the absence of an index, by references to books inaccessible to students, etc. 11) M. Tulli Ciceronis Cato maior de senectute, with notes by Charles E. Bennett; New York, 1897. Also M. Tulli Ciceronis Laelius de amicitia, by the same author. Briefly but favorably mentioned by Philippe Fabia. 12) Ausgewählte Briefe von M. Tullius Cicero, erklärt von Friedrich Hofmann. Erstes Bändchen, siebente Auflage, besorgt von F. Sternkopf; Berlin, 1898. J. Lebreton commends this work highly, finding only a few insignificant faults. 13) Letters of Cicero to Atticus, Book II, with introduction, notes and appendices, ed. by Alfred Pretor; Cambridge, 1898. Briefly and not very favorably mentioned by J. Lebreton. 14) Gai Iuli Caesaris de Bello Gallico, Liber II, edited with notes and vocabulary for beginners by E. S. Shuckburgh; Cambridge, 1897. Briefly and in the main favorably mentioned by E. Chambry. 15) Cornelius Nepos, Timotheus Phocion Agesilaus Epaminondas Pelopidas Timoleon Eumenes Datames Hamilcar, edited with notes and vocabulary for beginners by E. S. Shuckburgh; Cambridge, 1897. Briefly but very favorably noticed by E. C. 16) Columba (G. M.), Un codice interpolato di Tibullo (extract from the Rassegna di antichità classica, 1898, pp. 65-80). Georges Lafaye expresses the opinion that the author places too high a value upon this MS. 17) Thomas (Paul), Corrections au texte des Lettres de Sénèque à Lucilius, 2° série (extraits des Bulletins de l'Académie royale de Belgique, 3° série, t. XXXV, No. 3); Bruxelles, 1898. Georges Lafaye, in a favorable notice, enumerates the most important corrections proposed. 18) Mario Margaritori, Petronio Arbitro. Ricerche biographiche. Vercelli, 1897. Philippe Fabia says: "Cette étude, solide, claire, ingénieuse, agréable, eût encore gagné à être écrite en un langage moins prolixe et plus simple." 19) Felice Ramorino, Cornelio Tacito nella storia. della coltura; Milano, 1898. Philippe Fabia finds this attempt to do for Tacitus what Zielinski has done for Cicero, not altogether successful. 20) Tacitus Germania, erklärt von U. Zernial. Zweite Auflage; Berlin, 1897. Ph. F. briefly notices this as an improvement on an already excellent work. 21) Carlo Pascal, Studi romani. III, L'esilio di Scipione Africano Maggiore; IV, Il partito dei Gracchi e Scipione Emiliano; Torino, 1896. Philippe Fabia sums up: "L'information est complète, l'argumentation ingénieuse, l'exposition claire; les résultats sont seulement plausibles." 22) J.-P. Waltzing, Étude historique sur les corporations professionnelles chez les Romains, t. III, 1899, Louvain. F. C. considers this a useful work for historians and jurists. 23) M. J. Toutain, L'inscription d'Henchir Mettich. Un nouveau document sur la propriété agricole dans l'Afrique romaine; Paris, 1897. Philippe Fabia considers this an important inscription well edited, and bestows very high praise on the editor.