warning' be right? All the editors change agendum to agedum. In this locus desperatus it is possible that the corruption lies in agendum. Starting from -ndum, I propose: (1) aequo animoque age: iam dormis: concede: necessest. Iam dormis 'you are already in the sleep of death'; marces 956, mors ad caput adstitit 959, ad somnum si res redit 910. (2) With more confidence: aequo animoque age: numne gemis? concede: necessest. Numne gemis is not so far from nedummagnis, and all do not share Ritschl's doubt of the Latinity of numne. Gemere is a Lucretian word: V 1348, III 297; congemis 934, in this very connection, and lamentetur 952. I regret that Lucr. does not use numne, but III 973 numquid ibi horribile apparet, num triste videtur quicquam. Write de surgere. Desurgere occurs nowhere else in L., but surgere 8 times. IV 1133 de... surgit; VI 819 de... surgit; VI 1101 de... surgunt; VI 467 de... surgere; VI 477 surgere de. IV 344 de speculi qua parte recedas; VI 99 caeli de parte serena; VI 522 omni... de parte feruntur. It is well known that prepositions had not become closely welded to verbs in Lucretius' time; surely this extremely rare word desurgere, occurring elsewhere only in one passage of Horace (S. 2. 2. 77) among classical writers, should not be needlessly fastened on Lucretius. After arriving at this conclusion, I have found that Lambinus separated the compound. VI 29: quidve mali foret in rebus mortalibu' passim. Write quidque. The connection of thought demands a copulative conjunction. The use of ve for que in Lucretius is well known in quove for the ambiguous quoque; so III 34, V 71. I 57, V 776. V 184 quove, but V 185 quidque. But quaeque for et quae II 1031, II 64. Quareve VI 533, IV 634 because quareque would have been ambiguous. Seneca, Ep. 95. 11 quotes I 57 with quoque. The MSS have quoque in IV 48, retained by editors since Munro. Verg. A. V 23, Sall. Jug. 30 have quoque; Verg. A. X 150 quidve twice. Apparently the usage of Lucretius is quove for quoque, quareve for quareque; but quidque, and not quidve. V 184-5 is decisive: I 469: quove modost umquam vis cognita principiorum namque aliud terris, aliud regionibus ipsis Munro. terris OQ. saeclis Bern., Br., Giuss., Ba. Teucris per sest Lachm. rebūs Lamb. Terris... legionibus Wakef. Stürenberg rejects the verse. Br. infers a lacuna. Polle ejects both 469 and 470. Winckelmann and Everett keep the text. Bouterwek, per se est... temporibus. Bock. terris... redigentibus. Terris is sound; the corruption lies in regionibus. Write (1) namque aliud terris, aliudque colentibus ipsis. V 1441 colebatur tellus; V 1369 mansuescere terram | cernebant indulgendo blandeque colendo. The contrast is between the lands and their occupants, i. e. tillers. Or (2) namque aliud terris aliudque cluentibus ipsis. Clueo is one of his favorite archaisms, e. g. I 449-at the beginning of this paragraph-nam quaecumque cluent, and a few lines below, 480, nec ratione cluere eadem. Cluentibus supplies the place of the missing participle of esse. Regionibus is very near in form to cluentibus: the gi is a probable corruption of cl, while saeclis is far removed from terris. IV 52 civet OQ, cluet edd. Ipsis also well supports such a participle; translate: for one thing may be termed an accident of the lands and another of the persons (ipsis) who live there (cluentibus), whatever shall have occurred. This participle naturally passed out of use as the form was needed for the noun cliens: Pl. Men. 575 cluentum fides quoius modi clueat. Lucretius has cluet, cluent, clueant, clueret, cluebit, cluere; cluebit is not cited from any other author. Habitantibus would have expressed the thought and is metrically admissible: had he not been so fond of cluere, he would probably have used it. I 555: conceptum summum aetatis pervadere finis ... ... summum · finis O, fine Q, finem Flor. 30 corr. summa finis Lachm. summum . .. ad auctum Munro. ad summum . . . finis Br. summum... fine Ellis; summam... ad horam Everett. summum florem Lamb. primum aetatis. . . limen Lotze. Read floris. III 770, V 847 aetatis tangere florem; I 564 aevi contingere florem; IV 1105 flore... aetatis. For the dependent genitive aetatis floris cf. 557-8 diei | infinita aetas anteacti temporis. Flos aetatis is the period of maturity before decay, which so frequently begins with the downhill of life, sets in: hence summum is particularly suitable. Sen. de Ben. IV 6. 6 surgenti iuventae terminum ponens. III 387: qui nimia levitate cadunt plerumque gravatim. No one has yet questioned the very rare word gravatim, used elsewhere only by Livy, I 2. 3 haud gravatim socia arma Rutulis iunxit, and Solinus, I 76 <Milo> taurum . . . solidum... absumpsit solus non gravatim-in both cases joined to a negative and predicated of persons. Here it refers to feathers and thistle-down which by reason of exceeding lightness fall-reluctantly? Who ever heard of a reluctant feather or of one falling unwillingly, grudgingly, wearily, burdensomely? Munro translates it 'not lightly'; Heinze, 'schwerer,' just as if graviter stood in the text, that being the favorite Lucretian adverb with cado. Gravatim is not a synonym of graviter, and if it were, the case would be even worse, for how can light things fall heavily? Ovid, Met. X 738 nimia levitate caducum, of a flower, is no defence, because in the next line excutiunt venti follows, and of course a flower slightly attached would be blown off and fall; Quint. XII 10. 73 casuris si leviter excutiantur flosculis. Write gradatim. Lucretius likes to appeal to common experience. Feathers do fall by degrees, and also the winged seeds of plants. This gradual fall would cause the moment of contact to pass unnoticed. Gradatim is a very common word; Lucretius prefers paulatim and tractim, and does not use sensim. The rare occurrence of gradatim with cadere and other verbs of falling is natural authors rarely have occasion to speak of a gradual fall. Sensim, pedetemptim, tractim, paulatim are rare-perhaps unexampled—with these verbs. At Rome things fell heavily, violently, unexpectedly; hence gravatim (as if = graviter) of the text, suggested by cadunt. Levius casura pila occurs in Caesar, B. C. III 92. 2. W. A. MERRILL. VII.-SOME CELTIC TRACES IN THE GLOSSES. A. Celtic Words Interpreted. Orge occide, C. G. L. V 376, 29 (Epinal) = ibid. V 316, 70 (Erfurt') = Corpus (ed. Hessels) O 238; Erfurt' (C. G. L. V 376, 29) has orgę. Years ago I had conceived the idea that orge was connected with the orgim (caedo, occido) pointed out by Stokes in the Academy of 1891 (p. 589, col. I), and its derivative orgiat (caesar = caesor, i. e. qui caedit, interfector), athir-oirc-nid (parricida), sethar-oirc-nid (sororicida), quoted by Zeuss', p. 1054. But to get an authoritative opinion on the word, I wrote, in 1898, to Dr. Stokes, and here is what he was kind enough to tell me in confirmation: "orge, orge 'occide' is certainly based on the Celtic root org, which Prof. Bezzenberger has connected with Zend arezar 'Schlacht.' Orgě may well have been a Gaulish 2d sg. imperative. See the neo-Celtic forms in Zeuss' 443, bir, mil, gaib, from *bere, *mele, *gabe." I am pleased to see that Dr. Stokes made use of the gloss pointed out by me to corroborate his explanation of O'Mulconry's asurg (caedo) as having sprung from *ex.orgô. (See Archiv f. kelt. Lexik. I 280.) Further proof for the word is to be found in the compound treorgam (perforo), on record in the Luxembourg folio, p. 2, No. 37, and explained by Prof. Rhŷs (Rev. Celt. I 503) as composed of tre 'through' and orgam 'I cut.' Cp. also Nigra's esartae 'pro es-arc-te (caesus), nom, sg. part. praet. pass. uerbi esurc, asurc (caedo),' etc. (Gloss. Hib. Vet. Cod. Taur., ed. C. Nigra, Paris, 1869, p. 50). The above orge would make it seem somewhat plausible that another strange gloss occurring only in the Epinal, Erfurt, and Corpus glossaries contains a Celtic word in its lemma. The gloss is netcos murus (Epinal); Erfurt-Corpus have naetcos. If one may venture a suggestion in so doubtful a case, netcos appears to stand for nectcos, and the interpretation would then seem to have been shortened and corrupted from munus [pes]. As to nect (mundus) cf. neacht .i. geal (Lecan Glossary M. 90), necht .i. glan (H. 3, 18, p. 637 a), quoted by Stokes in the Archiv f. kelt. Lexik. I 89. Necht is according to him = VITTOS in avπTOS, Skr. nikta. In regard to nechtcos cp. glanchosta (gl. merops, translated as if it were mero-pes, i. e. nudis pedibus), Zeuss', p. 791. Goetz, Thes. Gloss. Emend., p. 724, proposes to read the lemma as reîxos. He also draws attention to C. Gl. L. III 500, 64 neos murus. Just as uncertain as netcos murus is the gloss cloes pluuia which occurs in C. G. L. IV 45, 17; 216, 41; 500, 35; V 446, 32. 57; 521, 9; 542, 2; 564, 37; in V 494, 50 the lemma reads chies, and in V 593, 52 uel nauigium appears as alternative interpretation, probably arising from confusion of cloes with celox. Can cloes stand for clo es[t]? Clo I would connect with O'Mulconry's clo i. gaoth and the clo .i. gaithe (gl. turbo) quoted by Stokes, Archiv f. kelt. Lexik. I 287. Clo Stokes is inclined to connect with OE. hlówan, ON. hlóa 'to roar.' With cló cp. the Bas-Léon an glao 'la pluie,' cited from Gregoire de Rostrenen, Grammaire françoise celtique (a. 1738), p. 28, in Rev. Celt. II 116; cf. also bannech glau g. goutte de pluye l. stilla in Lagadeuc's Catholicon and bar glao 'a shower of rain' in E. Lhuyd's Archaeologia Britannica. B. Celtic Words appearing among Old English Interpretations. (1) mind (gl. diadema), Durham Ritual, p. 92. I will put here the entire second paragraph of the In Natatale Plurimorum Martirum, where the word is on record : onfoed halga varas ric Accipient sancti regnum vlittes 7 mindł m'gvlit' of decoris et diadema speciei de honde driht' f'don sviðra his giscilde hia 7 earme dextera sua teget eos et brachio manu Domini, quoniam halgu his giscilde hia sancto suo defendet illos. Mind is, of course, identical with O'Mulconry's mind (gl. bratium), which is explained as 'a diadem placed on a soldier's head after victory,' bratiium (read brauium = ẞpaßeiov) didiu mind doberar for cend miled iar coscar (see Stokes, Archiv, I 315). In the Lecan Glossary mind appears as gloss to breacht (brecht), see Stokes, Archiv, I 71. |