as they had gone in the bounds of Fife."-PITS

COTTIE, p. 153.

A breach with England interrupted the tranquil1532 lity of the Borders. The Earl of Northumberland, a formidable name to Scotland, ravaged the Middle Marches, and burned Branxholm, the abode of Buccleuch, the hereditary enemy of the English name. Buccleuch, with the Barons of Cessford and Fairnihirst, retaliated by a raid into England, where 1533 they acquired much spoil. On the East March, Fowbery was destroyed by the Scots, and Dunglass Castle by D'Arcy, and the banished Angus.

A short peace was quickly followed by another war, which proved fatal to Scotland, and to her King. In the battle of Haddenrig, the English, and the exiled Douglasses, were defeated by the Lords Huntly and Home; but this was a transient gleam of success. Kelso was burned, and the Bor1542 ders ravaged, by the Duke of Norfolk; and finally, the rout of Solway Moss, in which ten thousand men, the flower of the Scottish army, were dispersed and defeated by a band of five hundred English cavalry, or rather by their own dissentions, broke the proud heart of James; a death more

painful a hundred-fold than was met by his father

in the field of Flodden.

When the strength of the Scottish army had sunk, without wounds, and without renown, the principal chiefs were led captive into England. Among these was the Lord Maxwell, who was compelled, by the menaces of Henry, to swear allegiance to the English monarch. There is still in existence the spirited instrument of vindication, by which he renounces his connection with England, and the honours and estates which had been proffered him, as the price of treason to his infant sovereign. From various bonds of manrent, it appears that all the Western Marches were swayed by this powerful chieftain. With Maxwell, and the other captives, returned to 1543 Scotland the banished Earl of Angus, and his brother, Sir George Douglas, after a banishment of This powerful family regained at

fifteen years.
least a part of their influence upon the Borders;
and, grateful to the kingdom which had afforded
them protection during their exile, became chiefs of
the English faction in Scotland, whose object it was
to urge a contract of marriage betwixt the young
Queen and the heir apparent of England. The

impetuosity of Henry, the ancient hatred betwixt the nations, and the wavering temper of the Governor, Arran, prevented the success of this measure. The wrath of the disappointed monarch discharged itself in a wide-wasting and furious invasion of the East Marches, conducted by the Earl of Hertford. Seton, Home, and Buccleuch, hanging on the mountains of Lammermoor, saw, with ineffectual regret, the fertile plains of Merse and Lothian, and the metropolis itself, reduced to a smoking desert. Hertford had scarcely retreated with the main army, when Evers and Latoun laid waste the whole vale of Tiviot, with a ferocity of devastation hitherto unheard of.* The same "lion mode of wooing," being pursued during the minority of

• In Hayne's State Papers, from p. 43 to p. 64, is an account of these destructive forays. One list of the places burned and destroyed enumerates—

See also official accounts of these expeditions, in DALYELL'S

Fragments.

Edward VI., totally alienated the affections even of those Scots who were most attached to the English interest. The Earl of Angus, in particular, united himself to the Governor, and gave the English a sharp defeat at Ancram Moor, a particular account 1545 of which action is subjoined to the ballad, entitled, "The Eve of St John." Even the fatal defeat at Pinkey, which at once renewed the carnage at Flodden, and the disgrace of Solway, served to prejudice the cause of the victors. The Borders saw, with dread and detestation, the ruinous fortress of Roxburgh once more receive an English garrison, and the widow of Lord Home driven from his baronial castle to make room for the "Southern Reivers." Many of the barons made a reluctant submission 1547 to Somerset; but those of the higher part of the Marches remained among their mountains, meditating revenge. A similar incursion was made on the West Borders by Lord Wharton, who, with five thousand men, ravaged and overran Annandale, Nithsdale, and Galloway, compelling the inhabitants to receive the yoke of England.

*

* Patten gives us a list of those East Border Chiefs who did homage to the Duke of Somerset, on the 24th of September,

The arrival of French auxiliaries, and of French gold, rendered vain the splendid successes of the English. One by one, the fortresses which they occupied were recovered by force, or by stratagem; and the vindictive cruelty of the Scottish Borderers made dreadful retaliation for the injuries they had sustained. An idea may be conceived of

1547; namely, the Lairds of Cessforth, Fernyherst, Grenehead, Hunthill, Hundely, Makerstone, Bymerside, Bounjedworth, Ormeston, Mellestaines, Warmesay, Synton, Egerston, Merton, Mowe, Rydell, Beamerside. Of gentlemen, he enumerates George Tromboul, Jhon Haliburton, Robert Car, Robert Car of Greyden, Adam Kirton, Andrew Mether, Saunders Purvose of Erleston, Mark Car of Littledean, George Car of Faldenside, Alexander Mackdowal, Charles Rutherford, Thomas Car of the Yere, Jhon Car of Meynthorn (Nenthorn), Walter Holiburton, Richard Hangansyde, Andrew Car, James Douglas of Cavers, James Car of Mersington, George Hoppringle, William Ormeston of Emerden, John Grymslowe.-PATTEN, in DALYELL's Fragments, p. 87.

On the West Border, the following barons and clans submitted and gave pledges to Lord Wharton, that they would serve the King of England, with the number of followers annexed to their names: