clared themselves independent of, ted to them by this constitution the British Crown, yet they could into operation, felt that they must hardly be said to have had a gov-exercise a prudent caution, alernment; for no designated bo- most inconsistent with necessary dy exercised what is sometimes energy. The nation was involcalled the jura summa imperii. ved in debt-the finances were The individual states each pos- deranged-commerce was unresessed a municipal power over gulated-and there was no na. their own citizens; and although tional Judiciary. The surviving they were all represented in Con- veterans of the revolution were gress, yet Congress possessed, in reduced to mendicancy by a dereality, no efficient power, when preciated and almost an annihilathey most needed it, to call into ted paper currency. They had operation the whole resources surrendered their arms, divested of the republic. They recommend themselves of the power of a soled measures to the states, and diery, and became powerless citithe approbation of the sainted zens, while their unparalleled saWashington of the measures re-crifices in the cause of their emancommended, gave to them the cipated country remained unre, force of law. They found in the warded. people a public, a Roman, like The duties to be performed by virtue, which made them over- the first Congress, would seemlook private interests, in the safe-ingly have dismayed a Lycurgus, ty of the Republic. or an Alfred. But the courage In 1790, Mr. MONROE was elect-displayed in the field, was equaled a Senator of the U. States by led by the wisdom exercised in the State of Virginia. Having the Cabinet. The Journals of been the pupil of Washington in that Congress show the part tathe field, he now became one of ken by Mr. MONROE in all the his councillors in the Cabinet. great measures upon which the Perhaps no body of men, ever as- vital interests of his country were sembled upon earth, had a duty suspended. He was of an age of greater delicacy, responsibility, when most men commence a puband danger to perform, than the lic life in a subordinate station. First Congress. A Constitution But, like the son of Edmund had been adopted, and reluct- Burke, "he was born a public man." antly adopted by some of the It will be the duty and the pleastates. Not having practically sure of the future Biographer to exeprienced its excellence, many detail his labours in this highly were alarmed at some of its prin-responsible station. ciples. They thought in the Pre From the commencement of sident, they recognized a King- the revolution, to the year 1794, in the Senate, an House of Lords the American people felt little of -and in the House of Represen- the acrimony of party spirit. In tatives, an House of Commons. the great struggle for indepenThe great men who were first dence, "common danger made called to put the powers delega- them friends." The nerveless sons of Columbia, called tories, race. By their ambitious monwho were captivated by the gau- archs, they were considered as dy charms of royalty, and fright- ammunition, to be expended in ened by the roaring of the British the accomplishment of their guilty lion, although more merciless projects of ambition-by their imthan the foreign foe, are now re- becile and effeminate Kings, they membered with no emotions but were treated as instruments to those of pity and contempt. At advance their, voluptuousness, the period last mentioned, two and increase their splendour. In great political parties began to the American revolution, they. assume a "shape and form" in learned the blessings of freedom, our Republic, each claiming to be even amidst the sufferings with equally attached to the consti- which it was then enjoyed in our tution, and each claiming to be country. From the extremes of equally sincere in advancing the despotism, they knew no regular interest of the Commonwealth. progress to the enjoyment of raPolitical parties are the result of tional liberty. As the suppressed political freedom, and difference fires of Etna find vent only by a of opinion, is a consequence flow-devastating volcano; so the exing from the investigation of hu-treme oppression of twenty-five man rights. Errors of opinion, millions of Frenchmen were rein this respect, will never become lieved by prostrating every vesdangerous, so long as "reason is tige of the power that had long left free to combat them." chained them to vassalage. tion of a minister from the most powerful prince in Europe, being among the first and most important insignia of independence, was alike new and gratifying to the United States."* The French revolution com- The American Republic found menced under the mild auspices its first friends among Frenchmen. of Fayette and Mirabeau, and was From the French Court was the even aided by Louis XVI. the on-first Minister Plenipotentiary dely European monarch, who was puted to the American Republic, ever a friend to the AMERICAN the Sieur Giraud. "The recepREPUBLIC. Whatever it may have produced in its consummation, its commencement and early progress, was hailed as an auspicious event by the friends of the rights of man, wherever such rights were known. It had advocates amongst the first statesmen [We hope to be able, in our of England. A Bedford and a next Number, to complete this Lauderdale, in the presence of brief Biographical Sketch of our majesty-a Fox and a Sheriden, before the people, audibly pro- justly admired President, and shall claimed their approbation. then resume the subject of" Connecticut Biography."] The French people, from the reign of Clovis, their first monarch, to the year 1789, had been a subjugated, a degraded, a vassal III. p. 553. *Marshall's Life of Washington. Vol. Agricultural Department. "AGRICULTURE-THE PRESERVATIVE ART OF ALL ARTS." ORIGINAL AND SELECTED. is balm; smiles; And every sense, and every heart is joy.” IT is hardly within the compass | Wide flush'd the fields; the softening air of the human imagination to Echo the mountains round; the forest conceive of a more animating scene than that which Connecticut now presents to the view of an observer. Instead of hearing dreadful notes of preparation" for the "tented field"—the busy and thoughtful farmer is preparing his “ plough-share and pru ning-hook" for their wonted use. The well trained horse, and the noble ox are seen geared to the improved plough, and the cheer-At a stated meeting of the Hartford Coun 66 [The following is the organization of the Hartford, Windham, and Northern Litchfield Co. Agricultural Societies for 1819. Our lim. Town Committees; and we see its prevent the insertion of all the no particular benefit that would arise from it.] Ed. ty Agricultural Society, at the Court 2d Henry L. Ellsworth, Correspd. Sec. David Porter, Chairman of Viewing Charles Jencks, Chairman of Com. of Produce. Samuel Woodruff, Chairman of Com. of Inspection. Charles Sigourney, George J. Patten, Jonathan Law, Lemuel Whitman, Ethan A. Andrews, Com. of publications. David Porter, Levi Lusk, Aaron Buckland, Henry Newbury, Ethan A. Andrews, Neadiah Woodruff, Martin Sheldon, Geo. Plumer, Horace Barber, Viewing Com. Charles Jencks, Pliny Hillyer, John Olds, Elias Lewis, Martin Kellogg, Joel Foote, Luther Savage, Jedidiah W. Mills, James Loomis, Samuel Smith, Ezra Hayden, Members who have been appointed to Committee of Produce. make experiments, shall communicate the Samuel Woodruff, Aaron Bissell, Lem-result of them in writing. uel Roberts, Thaddeus Leavitt, Abiather Newton, Richard Cowles, Jedidiah Mills, Reuben Barker, Levi Goodwin, Linus North, Simeon Lewis, Committee of Inspection. jected. ARTICLE III. No person shall be admitted a Member, until a ballot be taken at a Stated Meeting of the Society, at which ballot if two Samuel Tolcott, Allen M. Mather, Asa-negatives appear, the person shall be rehel Hathaway,jr. Richard Pitkin, Barzillai Hudson, jr. Committee of Manufactures. Shubael Griswold, Horace Cowles, Luther Scarborough, Jared Wells, Levi Hayden, jr. Com. on the best Ploughing. ARTICLE II. ARTICLE IV. The Society shall have power to tax its Members, not exceeding two dollars annually, for the purpose of paying such premiums as the Society may award, and other necessary expences of the Society. ARTICLE V. At every Stated Meeting of the Society, some person or persons shall be appointed to deliver an Öration or Dissertation, or make some communication upon Agriculture, or its auxiliary branches of science, at the next following Stated Meeting. ARTICLE VI. ARTICLE VII. The Stated Meetings shall be held in the No person shall be admitted a Member town of Pomfret, on the third Monday of January, second Monday of March, and of this Society, until he shall first receive fourth Monday of November, annually, at a ballot, and pay the sum of one dollar one o'clock, P. M. The Meeting in Jan- into the Treasury thereof. The Society uary to be the Meeting for the choice of shall at all times have a right to elect such Officers; at which Meeting a President gentlemen as they may think proper, as shall be chosen, whose duty it shall be to honorary Members. Ten members shall preserve order at the Meetings of the So- constitute a quorum for doing business. ciety. And he shall have power to call And no member shall have a right to sell Special Meetings of the Society when he or transfer his interest in the funds of the shall think proper. Two Vice Presidents Society. shall also be chosen, whose duty it shall be to preside at the Meetings of the Society in the absence of the President.-A treasurer shall also be elected, to receive all monies belonging to the Society, and pay them out by their direction, and annually render an account for the same.-A Secretary and Librarian shall also be chosen, who shall keep a record of all the proceedings of the society, with all the books, papers, &c. belonging to it.-A Committee of not less than three Members shall also be chosen, to manage the concerns of the Society, and to correspond with such other Societies and gentlemen as they may think proper, upon Agricultural subjects. It shall also be their duty to propose to the Society subjects for discussion at their Meetings; and at the meeting of the Society, on the second Monday of March, annually, they shall propose to the Members, subjects for experiments. At the meeting of the Society on the fourth Monday of November, annually, the Committee shall report their correspondence, &c. ; and the No business shall be transacted at the Meetings of the Society after 8 o'clock, P. M. And any Member, desirous of speaking in said Meeting, shall arise, and respectfully address the President; and no Member shall speak more than twice upon the same subject, without liberty from the No Member shall have a right Meeting. to act or vote in the Meetings of the Society, until he shall have paid any fines or penalties he may have previously incurred. The Society shall also have power to punish its Members by expulsion, for non-conformity to their rules, or for misdemeanour; provided, that no Member shall be expelled, except by vote of two-thirds of the Members present at a Stated Meeting. Any Member, upon application to a Stated Meeting of the Society, may be dismissed from the same; but shall forfeit his interest in the funds and property thereof. Any Member, having absented himself one year successively from the stated Meetinge of the Society, shall be no longer consid ered as a Member, and shall lose his interest therein. He may, however, upon application to a Stated Meeting of the Society, be restored by a vote, to the same. ARTICLE VIII. Whenever any Member of the Society shall take out any book or books belonging to the Society, he shall return them at their next Stated Meeting. No Member shall lend any book belonging to the Society, except it be to a proprietor, under penalty of forfeiting the price of said book, payable at the Treasury. Any Member, neglecting to return the books which he shall have taken, belonging to said Society, at the next Stated Meeting of said Society, shall pay a fine of twentyfive cents, and an addition of a like sum for every subsequent Stated Meeting, until such books are returned. ARTICLE IX. The Society reserve to themselves the right to alter, repeal, add to, or abrogate, any part or parts of the foregoing regula tions Provided, that two-thirds of the Members present at any Stated Meeting shall vote for the same. No alteration in the By-Laws shall, however, be made; nor shall any Member be admitted, unless ten Members be present. Officers elected for the year 1819. THOMAS HUBBARD, M. D. President. V. Presi DARIUS MATHEWSON, dents. AMOS PAYNE, LEMUEL HAYWARD, Treasurer. THOMAS HUBBARD, Committee of Correspondence. Coe, jr. Isaiah Tuttle, Lent Benhamn, Paul Committee of Produce-Leonard Hurlbut, Stephen Fyler, Sylvester Seymour, Oliver Phelps, Zebina Smith, Ezrah Doolittle, Theron Rockwell, James Shepherd, Horace Higley. Committee on Domestic Manufactures -Nathaniel Stevens, Thomas C. Brinsmade, Seth Marshall, Elijah Grant, Bissel Hinsdale, Barzillai Hudson, William Mark ham, Bailey Birge, James Boyd. Inspecting Committee-Horace Higley, Arah Phelps, Urial Tuttle, Giles Russell, Thomas Curtis, Lemuel Hurlbut, Andrew Abernethy, Ezra Doolittle, Launcelot Phelps. Committee of Publication --Andrew Abernethy, Reuben Rockwell, Seth Mar shall. Committee for the Inspection of Butter and Cheese-Amos Tolles, Malachi Humphrey, Leonard Hurlbut, Roswell Marsh, Arah Phelps. [We continue, in this Number, the Address of the Hon. NOAH WEBSTER, and again urge our agricultural friends, to give it that careful perusal which its importance demands.] Ed. (Continued from page 52.) A PRIMARY object in rural economy, and one to which every farmer must direct particular attention, is, to replenish the earth with the proper nutriments of plants. Our ancestors fourd the earth covered with a rich vegetable mould, the remains of decomposed leaves and plants, which for & series of years, produced abundant crops, and precluded the necessity of making or preserving manures. This circumstance generated a habit of negligence, in providing manure, the effects of which are still visible, in every part of the country. If we were to inquire, who, in this respect, is without fault, it might be difficult to find the man who would venture to throw the first stone. About our houses and barns, in the highways and in the fields, we every where see proofs of this negligence. But nothing is more certain, than that land will be exhausted. and agriculture decline, unless the soil is regularly supplied with as much nutrition as the crops draw from it. To devise the means of furnishing adequate |