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agement in our cold climate; and led in Connecticut, to a considerhe finds within his ready reach, able extent; and might be carried every facility for manufacturing to almost any. Paper of an exthem. The hills and the vallies cellent quality, is made at home. of Connecticut, are literally whi- Dressed calf and sheep skins, are tened with flocks of the finest ready for the Binder. Printingsheep, producing wool of every Presses are made by our own artquality; and it is a subject of no ists, of a superiour construction. trifling congratulation, that to one Printing Ink of a fine quality, is of its native citizens, David Hum- also here made. The increasing phreys, is the American Republic taste for reading through our exindebted for the first introduction tensive Republic, and the conof that invaluable animal, the Me- sequent demand for the multiplirino sheep. ed and multiplying productions The manufacturer of cotton of theological, legal, and medical eloths, can readily furnish him-works, as well as those of misself with the raw materials, from cellaneous writers, furnishes a the southern section of the Re-cheering prospect, not only to public, where he will find a ready the printer and book-binder, but market for his tickings, ginghams, to every friend of useful knowand shirtings. ledge.

Flax and hemp are produced This address is concluded, by within our own borders; and entreating the MANUFACTURERS might furnish materials for the and MECHANICS of Connecticut, manufacture of cordage, duck, to duly appreciate the advantaand linens. ges within their reach; and not,

Leather is already manufactur- from the occasional reverses, ed to a considerable extent; and which attend every human purfrom the great amount of neat suit, to look to distant regions cattle and sheep produced at for wealth and happiness, when home, and the importation of they can acquire and enjoy it in South American hides, the manu- the land of their fathers. facture of this indispensably necessary article, and its conversion into saddles, harnesses, boots, and

Editor.

shoes, may be carried to an almost boundless extent..

SELECTED.

GENERAL HAMILTON'S

Silk, glass, gunpowder, tin-REPORT ON MANUFACTURES, ware, combs, and buttons, are al-MADE AS SECRETARY OF THE treaready manufactured to a consid

erable extent.

SURY, TO CONGRESS.

[WE intended to have incorMuskets, swords, and pistols, porated the whole of this invaluare made in very great perfec-able state paper into this Journal; tion; and for their elegance, have but its great length and our prebeen admired by the most com- scribed limits prevent it. What petent judges. are deemed the most pertinent Printed Books, are manufactur-Extracts, will be made.]

THE expediency of encouraging man- due encouragement of manufactures, may, ufactures in the United States, which was it is believed, be satisfactorily demonnot long since deemed very questionable, strated. And it is also believed, that the appears at this time to be pretty general- expediency of such encouragement, in a ly admitted. The embarrassments which general view, may be shown to be recomhave obstructed the progress of our exter-mended by the most cogent and persuasive nal trade, have led to serious reflections motives of national policy.

Those which maintain its exclusive productiveness are to this effect :

on the necessity of enlarging the sphere of It has been maintained, that agriculture our domestic commerce: the restrictive is not only the most productive, but the regulations, which in foreign markets only productive species of industry. The abridge the vent of the increasing surplus reality of this suggestion, in either respect, of our agricultural produce, serve to beget has, however, not been verified by any acan earnest desire, that a more extensive curate detail of facts and calculations; demand for that surplus may be created and the general arguments, which are adat home: And the complete success which duced to prove it, are rather subtle and has rewarded manufacturing enterprise, in paradoxical, than solid or convincing. some valuable branches, conspiring with the promising symptoms which attend some less mature essays in others, justify Labour, bestowed upon the cultivation a hope, that the obstacles to the growth of of land, produces enough, not only to rethis species of industry, are less formidable place all the necessary expenses incurred than they were apprehended to be; and in the business, and to maintain the perthat it is not difficult to find, in its further sons who are employed in it, but to afford, extension, a full indemnification for any ex- together with the ordinary profit on the ternal disadvantages, which are or may be stock, or capital of the farmer, a neat surexperienced, as well as an accession of re- plus, or rent, for the landlord or propriesources, favourable to national indepen-tor of the soil. But the labour of artifidence and safety.

cers does nothing more than replace the stock which employs them, (or which fur

[In the following forcible and niches materials, tools, and wages,) and perspicuous manner, this pro- It yields nothing equivalent to the rent of yield the ordinary profit upon that stock. found and justly celebrated states- land. Neither does it add any thing to man, draws a comparison be- the total value of the whole annual protween AGRICULTURE and MANU-duce of the land and labour of the country. FACTURE.]

1. That inasmuch as it is acknow

The additional value given to those parts of the produce of land, which are wrought It ought readily to be conceded, that the into manufactures, is counterbalanced by cultivation of the earth, as the primary and the value of those other parts of that most certain source of national supply; produce, which are consumed by the manas the immediate, and chief source of sub-ufacturers. It can, therefore, only be by sistence to man; as the principal source saving, or parsimony, not by the positive of those materials which constitute the productiveness of their labour, that the nutriment of other kinds of labour; as in-classes of artificers can in any degree cluding a state most favourable to the free- augment the revenue of the society. dom and independence of the human mind; To this it has been answered, one, perhaps, most conducive to the multiplication of the human species; has in-ledged, that manufacturing labour re-protrinsically a strong claim to pre-eminence duces a value equal to that which is exover every other kind of industry. pended or consumed in carrying it on, But, that it has a title to any thing like and continues in existence the original an exclusive predilection, in any country, stock or capital employed, it ought on that ought to be admitted with great caution. account alone, to escape being considered That it is even more productive than every as wholly unproductive. That though it other branch of industry, requires more should be admitted, as alleged, that the evidence than has yet been given in sup-consumption of the produce of the soil, by port of the position. That its real interests, the classes of artificers or manufacturers, precious and important as, without the is exactly equal to the value added by help of exaggeration, they truly are, will be their labour to the materials upon which advanced, rather than injured by the it is exerted; yet, it would not thence

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follow, that it added nothing to the reve- made out of the revenues of those, who nue of the society, or to the aggregate furnish or manage that which is at any time value of the annual produce of its land and employed, whether in agriculture, or in labour. If the consumption for any giv-manufactures, or in any other way." en period, amounted to a given sum, and But while the exclusive productiveness of the increased value of the produce manu- agricultural labour has been thus denied and factured, in the same period, to a like sum, refuted, the superiority of its productivethe total amount of the consumption and ness has been conceded without hesitation. production, during that period, would be As this concession involves a point of conequal to the two sums; and, consequently, siderable magnitude, in relation to maxdouble the value of the agricultural pro-ims of public administration, the grounds duce consumed. And though the incre- on which it rests are worthy, of a distinct ment of value produced by the classes of and particular examination. artificers, should at no time exceed the value of the produce of the land consumed by them, yet there would be at every moment, in consequence of their labour, a greater value of goods in the market than would exist independent of it."

One of the arguments made use of in support of the idea, may be pronounced both quaint and superficial. It amounts to this-That in the productions of the soil, nature co-operates with man; and that the effect of their joint labour must be greater than that of the labour of man alone.

Report to be continued.

2. "That the position, that artificers can augment the revenue of a society, only by parsimony, is true in no other sense, than in one which is equally applicable to husbandmen or cultivators. It may be alike affirmed of all these classes, that the fund acquired by their labour and destined for their support, is not, in an ordinary way, more than equal to it. And hence it will follow, that augmentations of the wealth or capital of grade, must be highly gratified at the community, (except in the instances of some extraordinary dexterity or skill,) can only proceed, with respect to any of them, from the savings of the more thrifty and parsimonious."

The manufacturers, of every

the distinguished notice taken of them, by the first men in our great Republic. They are now sensible that manufactures, if prosecuted with vigour by the manufacturer, will not only secure competence, and often wealth to himself, but place the independence of the country upon the surest basis. Nothing more clear

3. That the annual produce of the land and labour of a country, can only be increased in two ways-by some improvement in the productive powers of the useful labour, which actually exists within it, or by some increase in the quantity of such labour: That with regard to the first, the labour of artificers being capable of greater subdivision and simplicity of ope-ly evinces the sentiment of a ration, than that of cultivators, it is suslarge assembly than a toast, which ceptible, in a proportionably greater degree, of improvement in its productive is cordially received. At the dinpowers, whether to be derived from an ac- ner given to the immortal Hero cession of skill, or from the application of of New Orleans, ANDREW JACKingenious machinery; in which particular, therefore, the labour employed in the culture of land can pretend to no advantage over that engaged in manufactures: That with regard to an augmentation of the quantity of useful labour, this, excluding adventitious circumstances, must depend essentially upon an increase of capital, which again must depend upon the savings

SON, by the Corporation of the city of New-York, upon the 23d inst. the following one was given. "DOMESTIC MANUFACTURESAmerican genius, industry, and patriotism, will secure our Independence.”

Miscellaneous Department.

MAN

-PLEAS’D WITH VARIETY, MUST be indulg’d.'

ORIGINAL.

THE SOCIAL COMPANION.

Feb. 1819.-Paper I.

"The private path, the secret acts of men,
If noble, far the noblest of their lives."

THE periodical productions dead. So far, as an acquaintance the prolific geniuses of Englanof with the dead languages conduwithin a century and an half past, ces to a correct knowledge of are now justly ranked with the living English, so far is the acClassics. Admiration for Homer, quisition valuable. But the Litthe great epic poet of Greece-erati of our Republic, (I hope to for Virgil the poet, and Cicero be pardoned for my presumption,) the orator of Rome, too long led have, it is humbly conceived, exEnglishmen to disregard the clas-cited too much veneration for sical productions of their own ancient writers in Greek and countrymen. However much the Latin, and too little for the conrefined scholar may admire the stellations of English and Ameristupendous genius that produ- can geniuses, who have enriched ced the Iliad in Greek-the Eni- our own classics, in our own tongue. ad in Latin, and the Roman elo-I am but too sensible, that I shall quence, which thundered defi- incur the sneers of many fastidiance against treason, and saved ous scholars, when I speak of the Commonwealth, no reason American classics !! But, if the can be discovered why the inimi-productions of Franklin, Ramsay, table productions of Shakespeare, Hamilton, Ames, Barlow, TrumMilton, Dryden, Pope, Addison, bull, Paine, Dennie, J. Q. Adams, Johnson, Goldsmith, Byron, &c. Wirt, &c. are not entitled to this should not lay claim to a portion of admiration.

appellation, it may be asked, what works are? After the great Alex; American scholars, following ander Pope had arisen to the the beaten track of the scholars acme of fame, Doctor Johnson of the mother country, have di- was asked, if he really thought rected the attention of the rising Pope was a poet? If, Sir, (answeryouth of our Republic, to pro-ed the Doctor,) he is not a poet, ductions written before the who is? The same great man, Christian era, and in languages upon another occasion, declared which have for centuries been that he who would acquire the

elegance of diction, and the beau-Jasked, who the Social Companties of style, must give his days ion is, and who are his associates, and nights to the reading of Ad- it will be answered, it is useless dison. It may now be said of his to enquire. Our productions will works, what he said of Addison's. be submitted to the candour or The object of these hasty re- severity of the reader; and they marks, is, to draw the attention of must stand by their own merits, my readers, should I be so for- or fall by their own defects. We tunate as to have any, to those shall endeavour, with the most English and American produc-perfect good nature, and without tions, which portray the nature of even a sprinkling of malice, tomen, and their motives of action wards any human being, or any in the paths of common life and party of human beings, religious common pursuits. Those wri- or political, to "catch the manners tings that "come home to men's living as they rise," and portray business and bosoms," though they the habits, customs, and peculiarmay not exalt men to the temple ities of the good people of our beof science, are best calculated to loved state of Connecticut. That make them practical philosophers, we shall sometimes err, is to be exemplary moralists, worthy citi- expected; for " to err is human ;" zens, and sincere Christians. but we most solemnly pledge ourselves that our errors, if we com

head and not of the heart.

The Spectator, the Guardian, the Adventurer, the Rambler, mit them, shall be those of the the Idler, and many other periodical publications in Eng- The Social Companion has, land, may be read with delight after the most laborious persuaand instruction. Nor is our own sion, induced a mysterious and country, although a new one, des- wonderful being, who has existed titute of productions of this na- for hundreds of years, and who ture, of superlative excellence. has been employed by many great It might be invidious to designate; and many little writers, to enter but the American Lounger, the into his service. His name is Prompter, Salmagundi, the Brief Ariel. He is invisible to the Remarker, and others that might world; but the world is visible be mentioned, paint human life to him. He visits, unseen, the in all its lights and shades, and cabinet of the statesman-the "hold the mirror up to nature." closets of divines, lawyers, and Without aspiring to the eleva-physicians-the farm-house and tion, which these great painters the farm-the counting room-of human life have reached, manufacturing establishments and shall attempt, with the aid of a mechanics' shops. He also visits few associates, to present the the tea parties of the Ladies; readers of the "RURAL MAGA-notices their manners, hears their ZINE," with a series of papers un-conversation, and deposits all in der the title of the "SOCIAL the chest of memory. He folCOMPANION." Should it be lows them to public assemblies,

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