Davis county has been made fertile and productive by means of irrigation from a few springs and small streams in the mountains. Such land as cannot be irrigated is used for grazing. There is very little timber or other supply of fuel in the county. The county seat is Farmington.

Green River county takes its name from the river of the same name, which is the largest stream in the Territory. The county is scarcely inhabited, being situated in a high, cold, and barren district. Iron county. This county occupies a long narrow belt of land extending across the southern part of the Territory. As its name would indicate, it contains a great many deposits of iron-ores. It has also some deposits of coal. The county seat is Parowan, containing a population of about 500. Juab county takes its name from a small and fertile valley, of the same designation, but, excepting this valley, the greater part of the county is too high and the climate too rigorous for any success in agricultural pursuits. The county seat is Nephi, with a population of about 700.

Millard county is marked by.an almost unbroken stretch of volcanic elevations and barren deserts. It takes its name from President Fillmore, under whose administration the Territory was organized; and Fillmore City, now the county seat, was named after the same President, and was at one time the capital of the Territory. The population of Fillmore is 500.

Morgan county embraces the narrow valleys lying on both sides of the Weber Kiver, which courses among the Wasatch Mountains, east of Great Salt Lake. The land is mostly used for grazing-purposes. The county seat is Weber City. San Pete county occupies a part of the valley of the same name at the western base of the southern spur of the Wasatch Mountains, and is situated about 100 miles south of Great Salt Lake. Timber for building and for fuel exists in abundance. There are some thin veins of coal in the mountains, and salæratus is gathered in large quantities from natural beds. The county is watered by the streams which, after uniting, form the San Pete and Sevier Rivers. The town of Manti is the county seat, with a population of about 1100. Summit county is situated on the high plateau near the head-waters of Weber and Bear Rivers. Kamas Prairie, in this county, affords good grazingground in summer; and the good pine timber in the mountains gives large employment to the inhabitants in the trade of lumbering. The county seat is Wanship.

Tooele county-This county takes its name from Tooele River, which with the valley of the same name are in the county. It is in the western part of the Territory, adjoining Nevada, and a part of it is probably within the present Territory of Nevada. It is a sheep-grazing county, with a climate quite mild compared with the general climate of the Territory.

Utah county takes its name from the lake of that name, which is a large body of fresh water 35 miles in length by 15 in breadth. The two principal valleys of the county are separated by this lake, Utah Valley being on the east side and the Cedar Valley on the west. The county seat of

tion of about 3000. It also contains several other towns, among which are American Fork, Spanish Fork, and Springville, each having a population of 1000; Lehi City, with a population of 600; Pleasant Grove, with a population of 500; and Alpine City, with a population of 300.

Wasatch county.-This county is noted for its grand and picturesque scenery. It is situated to the eastward of Great Salt Lake and Utah counties. It is traversed by the Provo River, which runs through a wild and rugged yet magnificent cañon or gorge, a distance of 15 miles. Cascade Creek, which empties into this gorge, falls over the precipice from a height of one thousand feet. Higher up the river the cañon spreads into a broad valley of 10 miles in width by about 30 miles in length, which is quite fertile, and well watered by a large number of streams. Heber City is the county seat.

Washington county is in the extreme southern part of the Territory, and is traversed in an eastand-west direction by a mountain-ridge which is an apparent extension of the Wasatch Range. Some of the valleys of this county near the headwaters of the Rio Virgin are marked by a temperature so high for that region as to induce efforts to grow cotton. The county seat is Washington, with a population of 1000. The town of St. George is also in this county, having a population of 700; and also Santa Clara, with a population of 300.

Weber county.-This is one of the finest agricultural counties in the Territory, owing to the presence of two large streams,-the Ogden and Weber Rivers,-which furnish abundant water for purposes of irrigation. There is a fine valley for summer grazing, about 20 miles long by 10 in width, situated well up in the mountains. The county seat is Ogden City, with a population of about 3000. North Ogden is also in this county, with a population of about 500.

RELIGION. The greater part of the white inhabitants of Utah-probably not less than 70,000 -are adherents to the Mormon faith, or, as they denominate themselves, the "Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints." Their church organization is composed of a series of hierarchies, the highest being the First Presidency, consisting of their chief prophet Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball, and Daniel H. Wells; next the Twelve Apostles; then the quorums of Seventies, of which there are said to be 68 organized in the Territories, each having 7 presidents and 63 members; then follow quorums of High-Priests, Elders, Priests, Teachers, and Deacons. A somewhat anomalous office is that of Patriarch, which has been conferred on John Smith (son of Hyrum and nephew of their first prophet, Joseph Smith) and on a few others. There are in the principal settlements High-Councils, composed of 12 members, and a bishop for each ward, the wards containing from 500 to 1000 persons.

STATE ORGANIZATION.-On the 3d of March, 1862, in accordance with a joint resolution of the Territorial Legislature, the people elected delegates to form a Constitution for the State of Deseret, and after the formation of the Constitution it was adopted, and State officers and a Legislature elected,-the Governor elected being Brigham Young, the Lieutenant-Governor, Heber C. Kimball, and the President of the Convention, Daniel H. Wells. The Legislature elected 2 Sonators and 1 Representative to Congress, and one of

the Senators elected proceeded to Washington to urge the admission of the new State into the Union. The application was, as usual, referred to a committee, and no action was taken upon it during

the session. At the session of 1862-3, the House Committee on Territories reported a bill to enable the people of Utah to form a Constitution and State Government; but no further action was taken.

At the December term, 1862, of the Supreme Court, the following times and places were fixed for holding courts in the several judicial districts of said Territory, to wit:

First District.-At Walla Walla, on the 4th Monday in April and 2d Monday in October.

Second District.-At Vancouver, Clarke county, on the 4th Monday in May and 2d Monday in November.

Third District.-At Olympia, Thurston county, on the 1st Monday in February and 3d Monday in July.

District Courts for the transaction of Territorial business, to be holden at

POPULATION. By the erection of Idaho Territory, March, 1863, the Territory of Washington was cut down to less than half its former dimensions, and lost its most populous settlements in the mining

County.

Steilacoom, Pierce county, on the 4th Monday in February, and 3d Monday in August. Port Townsend, Jefferson county, on the 2d Monday in March and 1st Monday in September. Pinkney City, Spokane county, on the 2d Monday in June.

Third Judicial District, in addition to the regular terms, for the purpose of hearing and disposing of causes within the Admiralty and Maritime jurisdiction of said court:

At Olympia, on the 1st Monday of every month except February, July, and September.

At Port Townsend, on the 2d Monday in March and 1st Monday in September.

regions. Notwithstanding this, the population, which numbered 11,594 in 1860 for the whole of the old Territory, had increased to 12,519 for the remaining Territory in 1863.

County Seat.

White Population.

Assessed Taxable Property.

Staff.

Colonel, J. Steinberger, Walla Walla.

Major, C. H. Rumrell, Fort Colville. Surgeon, Charles M. Steinberger, with Colonel Maury.

Assistant Surgeon, Samuel Whittemore, Colville. Adjutant, 1st Lieut. W. Kapus, Walla Walla. Regimental Quartermaster, 1st Lieut. L. G. Cabanis, Walla Walla.

coom.

whole town.

THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC.

When General Burnside relieved General McClellan from his command, on the 7th of November, 1862, the army of the Potomac was on the south side of the Potomac, under instructions to pursue Lee, by a flank march on the interior line, to Richmond, hugging closely to the Blue Ridge, so as to observe its passes and to give battle to the enemy whenever an opportunity occurred. On reaching Warrenton, however, General Burnside proposed to give up this chase of Lee's army towards Richmond and to move down the north side of the Rappahannock to Falmouth, and establish a new base of supplies at Aquia Creek or Belle Plain.

General Burnside did not commence his movement from Warrenton till the 15th, and theu marched bis whole army down on the north bank of the Rappahannock, his advance reaching Falmouth on the 20th.

Battle of Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862. Lee's army, in the mean time, moved down the south side of the river, but had not occupied Fredericksburg on the 21st. No attempt was made to effect the passage till the 11th of December, by which time Lee's army had been concentrated and strongly entrenched. The passage, however, was effected without serious opposition, by the right wing and centre, under Sumner and Hooker, at Fredericksburg, and the left wing, under Franklin, on bridges established some miles below. It was intended that Franklin's grand division, consisting of the corps of Reynolds and Smith, should attack the enemy s right, and turn his position on the heights in rear of Fredericks burg, while Sumner and Hooker attacked him in front. But, by some alleged misunderstanding of orders, Franklin's operations were limited to a mere reconnoissance, and the direct attacks of Sumner and Hooker were unsupported. The contest on the right wing during the 13th was continued till half-past five P.M., when our men were forced to fall back, after suffering terrible losses. Both armies remained in position till the night of the 15th, when General Burnside withdrew his force to the north side of the Rappahannock. General Burnside has made no official report of these operations. The loss of the rebels in this battle is not known. As they were sheltered by their fortifications, it was probably less than ours, which, as officially reported, was 1138 killed, 9105 wounded, and 2078 missing. Most of the missing and many of the slightly wounded soon rejoined their regiments and reported for duty.

Battle of Chancellorsville, May 2-3, 1863. General Hooker relieved General Burnside from his command on the 25th of January, but no advance movement was attempted till near the end of April, when a large cavalry force under Gen

eral Stoneman was sent across the Upper Rappahannock towards Richmond, to destroy the enemy's communications, while General Hooker with his main army crossed the Rappahannock and the Rapidan above their junction and took position at Chancellorsvilie. At the same time General Sedgwick crossed near Fredericksburg, and stormed and carried the heights.

A severe battle took place on the 2d and 3d of May, and on the 5th our army was again withdrawn to the north side of the river. For want of

official data, General Halleck is unable to give any detailed accounts of these operations, or of our

losses.

Lee's Advance into Maryland and Pennsylvania.

In the early part of June, Lee's army moved up the south bank of the Rappahannock, occupied the gaps of the Blue Ridge, and threatened the valley of the Shenandoah. General Hooker fol lowed on an interior line by Warrenton Junction, Thoroughfare Gap, and Leesburg. Winchester and Martinsburg were at this time occupied by us simply as outposts. Neither place was susceptible of a good defence. Directions were therefore given, on the 11th of June, to withdraw these garrisons to Harper's Ferry. But these orders were not obeyed, and on the 13th Winchester was attacked and its armament and a part of the garrison captured. Lee now crossed the Potomac, near Wil liamsport, and directed his march upon Harrisburg. General Hooker followed on his right flank, covering Washington and Baltimore. On reach ing Frederick, Maryland, on the 28th of June, be was, at his own request, relieved from the em mand, and Major-General Meade appointed in his place.

During these movements, cavalry skirmishes took place at Beverly Ford, Brandy Station, Ber ryville, and Aldie, some of which were quite severe, but in the absence of detailed reports, the General-in-Chief is unable to give the losses on either side.

General Meade in Command of the Army of the Potomac.

When General Meade, under the orders of the President, took command of the army of the Potomac, on the 28th of June, it was mainly concentrated at Frederick, Md. Lee's army was supposed to be advancing against Harrisburg, which was garrisoned by raw Militia. Ewell's corps was on the west side of the Susquehanna, between that place and Columbia; Longstreet's corps was near Cham bersburg, and Hill's corps between that place and Cashtown. Stuart's cavalry was making a raid between Washington and Frederick, cutting Meade's line of supplies, and capturing his trains. On the 29th General Meade's army was put in motion, and at night was in position; its left at Emmettsburg, and its right at New Windsor. The advance of Buford's cavalry was at Gettysburg

and Kilpatrick's division at Hanover, where it encountered Stuart's cavalry, which had passed around the rear and right of our army without meeting any serious opposition.

Battle of Gettysburg, July 1-2-3, 1863.

On the 30th of June, the 1st, 3d, and 11th corps were concentrated at Emmettsburg, under General

Reynolds, while the right wing moved up to Manchester. Buford reported the enemy in force on the Cashtown road, near Gettysburg, and Reynolds moved up to that place on the 1st of July. He found our cavalry warmly engaged with the enemy, and holding him in check on the Cashtown road. Reynolds immediately deployed the advanced division of the 1st corps, and ordered the 11th corps to move promptly to its support. Wadsworth's division had driven back the enemy some distance, and captured a large number of prisoners, when General Reynolds fell, mortally wounded. The arrival of Ewell's corps, about this time, by the York and Harrisburg roads, compelled General Howard, upon whom the command devolved, to withdraw his force, the 1st and 11th corps, to the cemetery ridge, on the south side of Gettysburg. About 7 P.M. Generals Sickles and Slocum arrived on the

field with the 3d and 12th corps, which took position, one on the left and the other on the right of the new line. The battle for the day, however, was over. General Meade arrived on the field during the night with the reserves, and posted his troops in line of battle: the 1st corps on the right; the 11th corps next; then the 12th corps, which crossed the Baltimore pike; the 2d and 3d corps on the cemetery ridge, on the left of the 11th corps. The 5th corps, pending the arrival of the 6th, formed the reserve. On the arrival of the latter, about 2 o'clock P.M., it took the place of the 5th, which was ordered to take position on the extreme left. The enemy massed his troops on an exterior ridge, about a mile and a half in front of that occupied by us. General Sickles, misinterpreting his orders, instead of placing the 3d corps on the prolongation of the 2d, had moved it nearly three-fourths of a mile in advance-an error which nearly proved fatal in the battle. The enemy attacked this corps on the 2d with great fury, and it was likely to be utterly annihilated, when the 5th corps moved on the left, and enabled it to reform behind the line it was originally ordered to hold. The 6th corps and a part of the 1st were also opportunely thrown into this gap, and succeeded in checking the enemy's advance. About

sunset the rebels retired in confusion and disorder. At 8 P.M. an assault was made from the left of the town, which was gallantly repelled by the 1st, 2d, and 11th corps.

On the morning of the 3d we regained, after a spirited contest, a part of our line on the right, which had been yielded to sustain other points on the 2d. About 1 P.M. the enemy opened an artillery fire of 125 guns on our centre and left. This was followed by an assault of a heavy infantry column on our left and left centre, which was successfully repulsed, with terrible loss to the enemy. This terminated the battle, and the rebels retired defeated from the field.

General Meade Victorious-Lee in Defeat and Retreat.

The opposing forces in this sanguinary contest were nearly equal in numbers, and both fought with the most desperate courage. The com

manders were also brave, skilful, and experienced, and they handled their troops on the field with distinguished ability. But to General Meade belongs the honor of a well earned victory in one of the greatest and best fought battles of the war.

On the morning of the 4th the enemy appar in reality his army had commenced its retreat, ently occupied a new line in front of our left, but however, were not entirely evacuated till the carrying off a part of his wounded. His lines, morning of the 5th, when the cavalry and 6th corps were sent in pursuit. The days of the 5th and 6th were employed by General Meade in suecoring the wounded and burying the dead left on the battle-field. He then started in pursuit of Lee, by a flank movement upon Middletown. In the mean time General French had re-occupied Har per's Ferry, destroyed the enemy's pontoon train at Williamsport and Falling Waters, and captured its guards.

Halting a day at Middletown, General Meade crossed the South Mountain, and. on the 12th, found the enemy occupying a strong position on the heights of Marsh Run, in front of Williamsport. Not being attacked in this position, Lee constructed a pontoon bridge with lumber collected from canal boats and the ruins of wooden houses, crossed to the south side of the river. His rear and on the morning of the 14th his army had guard was attacked by our cavalry, and suffered

considerable loss.

Lee Continues his Retreat.

After crossing the Potomac, Lee continued his retreat up the valley of the Shenandoah and through the gaps of the Blue Ridge till he reached the south bank of the Rapidan, near Orange Court-House, where he took a defensive position to dispute the crossing of the river. General Meade continued his flank pursuit by Harper's Ferry, Berlin, and Warrenton, till he reached Culpepper Court-House, where he halted his army, not deeming it prudent to cross the river and attack the enemy, who was now entrenched on the south bank, which completely commanded the approaches on the north side. During this advance several cavalry skirmishes took place, but without serious loss on either side.

Lee's Advance and Retreat, Oct., 1863.

A considerable part of Lee's army was now withdrawn to reinforce Bragg in the West. But with his disminished numbers he assumed (Oct. 8) a threatening attitude against Mende; manœuvred to turn his flank, and forced him to fall back to the line of Bull Run. Having destroyed the Orange and Alexandria Railroad from the Rapidan to Manasses, the rebels again fell back to their former position near Orange Court-House.

Bristow Station and other Combats. During these operations there were several se vere engagements between detached forces, but no