OREGON AND THE WAR.-This State, being so remote from the theatre of hostilities provoked by the rebellion, has but little to report in the way of military operations. An authorization was issued, however, in 1861, to raise a regiment of

Company.

cavalry, the officers and strength of which have been courteously furnished by Adjutant-General Reed in manuscript. This is the only regiment mustered into the United States service from Oregon.

Commissioned Officers and Number of Men of the 1st Oregon Cavalry.

Rank.

Names.

Station.

No. of men.

Military Officers and Enrolled Militia of the State of Oregon.

His Excellency the Governor, ADDISON C. GIBBS, Commander-in-Chief.

Cyrus A. Reed, with the rank of Colonel, Adjutant-General and ex-officio Chief of Staff, Quartermaster-General, Commissary-General, InspectorGeneral, and Chief of Ordnance.

Brigadier-Generals.

E. L. Applegate, of Ashland, commanding 1st Brigade; Stephen Coffin, of Portland, commanding 2d Brigade: Olander Hunnason, of the Dalles, commanding 3d Brigade.

Colonels.

Staff of Commander-in-Chief. Richard Williams, of Salem, Judge Advocate, with the rank of Colonel; Ralph Wilcox, of Hillsborough, Surgeon-General, with the rank of Colonel. Aids-de-Camp, with the rank of Lieutenant-Colo-manding 3d Regiment, 1st Brigade. nel, L. Powell, of Salem; J. H. Mitchel, of Portland; A. J. Hoovey, of Corvallis; D. M. Thompson, of Albany.

Colonel James Kilgore, of Jacksonville, commanding 1st Regiment, 1st Brigade.

Colonel Thomas J. Beale, of Roseburg, commanding 2d Regiment, 1st Brigade.

Colonel John R. V. Witt, of Kerbyville, com

Assistant Adjutant-Generals, Chester N. Terry, of Salem, with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel; Philip Schuyler, of Portland, with the rank of Major; J. B. Underwood, of Eugene City, with the rank of Major; W. P. Abrams, of the Dalles, with the rank of Major.

Major-General.

Joel Palmer, of Dayton.

Colonel John McCraken, of Portland, commanding 1st Regiment, 2d Brigade.

Colonel Isaac R. Moores, of Salem, commanding 2d Regiment, 2d Brigade.

manding 3d Regiment, 2d Brigade.
Colonel George H. Belden, of Engene City, com

Colonel Wm. Logan, of the Dalles, commanding 1st Regiment, 3d Brigade.

Colonel Eli Stewart, of Umatilla, commanding 2d Regiment, 3d Brigade.

Colonel W. R. Park, of Auburn, commanding 3d Regiment, 3d Brigade.

Militia force of the Territory, 1863, 10,251.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

Established by acts of July 16, 1790, and March 3, 1791. Capital, Washington. Area, 50 square miles. Population, 1860, 75,080. This district is under the government of Congress.

to was passed and approved, containing the following clause:

"That a district of territory on the river Potomac, at some place between the mouths of the Eastern branch and the Connogocheague, be, and the same is hereby, accepted, for the permanent seat of the Government of the United States."

The same act provided that Congress should hold its sessions at Philadelphia until the first Monday in November, 1800, when the Government should be removed to the district selected on the Potomac. Under authority of this act, and that of an amendatory act approved March 3, 1791, a district of ten miles square was located, lying on both sides of the Potomac, and extending along that river from the Little Falls to the city of Alexandria, which was then at the extreme southern point of the square. From Alexandria the boundary extended across the Potomac and into Maryland on a surnorthwest for ten miles, thence due southwest ten miles, recrossing the Potomac into Virginia, and thence due southeast to Alexandria. The lines and boundaries of the district so located were established, by proclamation of President Washington, March 30, 1791. Difficulty arose in the way of raising money to erect the necessary public buildings; and it was not until Washington made a personal appeal to the Legislature of Maryland that $100,000 were obtained for the purpose, and then only on a guarantee of payment on the pledgo of the private credit of the commissioners. From the beginning Washington advocated the present seat of Government. Its establishment here was due, in a large measure, to his influence. The wings of the Capitol having been sufficiently prepared, the Government removed to this district on the 17th of November, 1800. At that time it was desolate in the extreme, with its long unimproved avenues and streets, its deep morasses, and its vast area covered with trees instead of houses. Washington projected the whole plan of the city bearing his name, upon a scale to accommodate the growth of centuries, and time enough remains to fill the measure of his great conception.

This district is peculiar in both its political and geographical relations to the United States. The first article of the National Constitution, section 8, provides that Congress shall exercise exclusive legislation over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular States and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of government of the United States. In pursuance of this provision of the Constitution, Congress, by an act approved July 16, 1790, accepted from the States of Maryland and Virginia a district of territory, to be located on the river Potomac, for the permanent seat of the government of the United States. Acts of cession had been already passed by Maryland, Dec. 23, 1788, and by Virginia, Dec. 3, 1789. But there is quite an interesting piece of history connected with the subject antecedent to this action. The Congress of the Revolution was sometimes a fugitive, holding its sessions, as the chances of war required, at Philadelphia, Bal-veyed line due northeast for ten miles, thence due timore, Lancaster, Annapolis, and York, Pa. During the period between the conclusion of peace and the commencement of the present Government, it met at Princeton, Annapolis, Trenton, and New York. After the idea of a permanent Union had been executed in part by the adoption of the Articles of Confederation, the question presented itself of fixing a seat of government, and this immediately called forth intense interest and rivalry. That the place should be central, having regard to the population and territory of the Confederacy, was the only point common to the contending parties. Propositions of all kinds were offered, debated, and rejected. At length, on the 7th of October, 1783, the Congress being at Princeton, it was resolved that a building for the use of Congress be erected near the Falls of the Delaware. This was soon after modified by requiring suitable buildings to be also erected near the Falls of the Potomac, that the residence of Congress might alternate between those places. But the question was not allowed to rest; and at length, after frequent and warm debates, it was resolved that the residence of Congress should continue at one place; and commissioners were appointed with full power to lay out a district for a Federal town near the Falls of the Delaware, and in the mean time Congress assembled alternately at Trenton and Annapolis; but the Representatives of other States continued to exert themselves for their favorite localities. On the 23d of December, 1784, it was resolved to remove to the city of New York, and to remain there until the building on the Delaware should be completed; and accordingly, on the 11th of January, 1785, the Congress met at New York, where they continued to hold their sessions until the confederation gave place to the Constitution. The commissioners to lay out a town on the Delaware reported their proceedings to Congress, but no further steps were taken to carry the resolution into effect. Some proposed New York, others some convenient place on the banks of the Susquehanna. To the latter, Southern members-among whom was Mr. Madison-were strenuously opposed. All admitted the importance of the step about to be taken, involving, as it perhaps might have done, the safety of the Government itself. For a time any agreement appeared to be impossible; but the good genius of our system finally prevailed, and on the 16th of July, 1790, the act already referred

By the "Act concerning the District of Columbia," approved Feb. 27, 1801, Congress assumed full jurisdiction over the district, according to the design of the Constitution. By this latter act the district was divided into two counties, that part lying east of the Potomac (and in Maryland) being called Washington county, and that part lying west of the Potomac (and in Virginia) being called Alexandria county. On the 9th of July, 1846, Alexandria county was retroceded to Virginia, and since then the district is limited to the county of Washington, east of the Potomac, within which are the cities of Washington and Georgetown.

Each of the two cities mentioned has a municipal government of its own, with power to lay and collect taxes for municipal purposes; but the district, as a whole, is subject to the exclusive legislation of Congress. Under this patronage, the city of Washington has been enriched and adorned, at an expense of not less than $30,000,000, by the erection of costly and stately public edifices, the establishment of broad and beautiful public grounds and malls, and the construction of a noble aqueduct which commands nearly the whole volume of the waters of the Potomac for the uses of the city.

JUDICIARY.

Supreme Court of the District of Columbia.

David K. Carter...

Abraham B. Olin.......
George P. Fisher............
Andrew Wylie.....

The Supreme Court of the District of Columbia was established by act of Congress, approved March 3, 1863. The same act abolished the former Circuit Court, District Court, and Criminal Court of the District. The Supreme Court consists of four Justices (one of whom is designated the Chief-Justice), appointed by the President of the United States, and who hold their offices during good behavior. It has general jurisdiction in law and equity, and the judges possess and exercise the same powers and jurisdiction formerly possessed and exercised by the judges of the Circuit Court of the District. Any one of the judges may hold a District Court, with the same powers, &c.

THE ORGANIZED TERRITORIES OF THE UNITED STATES. MORE than usual attention and space are de- from the British Possessions to the 41st degree of voted to the Territories in the Almanac this year, north latitude; Nebraska is reduced to the area because they are objects of unusual interest and between the Missouri River and the 27th degree importance, and because the Congressional legis- of longitude west from Washington, and, in gelation on the subject since 1860 has worked ex-neral terms, between the 40th and 43d degrees of tensive changes in the boundaries of those in north latitude, and it adjoins Iowa on the west; existence at that time. In the following articles Nevada occupies the western half of what was the boundaries of the Territories are described in Utah Territory, and it lies immediately east of the language or in the substance of the organic Northern California; New Mexico is reduced to acts and of the several modifying acts. Some- the eastern half of the former Territory of that times a less cumbersome description of their name, and it is situated immediately west of limits is added in order to give a general idea of Texas; Utah is limited to that portion of the their situation. The acts establishing the Ter- former Territory of Utah which is comprised beritories of Nevada, Dakota, and Colorado, the act tween the 32d and 38th degrees of longitude west admitting Kansas into the Union, and especially from Washington, and the 37th and 42d degrees the acts establishing the Territories of Arizona of north latitude, being reduced more than oneand Idaho, have made all the old maps worse half; and Washington Territory is restricted to than useless. Precise as well as popular descrip- the western part of the old Territory situated betions are, therefore, a necessity. Both are given in tween the 40th degree of longitude west from the following pages. The organized Territories Washington City and the Pacific Ocean. From are now nine in number, exclusive of the Indian this general description of the changes effected in Territory, viz. :-Arizona, Colorado, Dakota, Idaho, the Territorial boundaries by recent legislation, it Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wash- will be understood at once that all the statements ington. Arizona occupies the western half of of population, area, &c. based upon the Census of what was New Mexico, and is situated imme- 1860 are no longer applicable, and only mislead diately east of Southern California; Colorado the reader. They are, therefore, excluded from covers a portion of the old Territories of Kansas, their former places at the heads of the articles Nebraska, New Mexico, and Utah, and it adjoins relating to the Territories respectively. Wherthe State of Kansas on the west; Dakota has ever late and reliable information on the same absorbed a large portion of the old Territories of points could be obtained, it has been inserted inNebraska and Minnesota, and it adjoins Minne- stead. The areas are generally given from the sota on the west; Idaho embraces the western subjoined table, prepared for the National Almanac half of the former Territory of Nebraska and the by a competent draughtsman having access to the eastern halves of the old Territories of Wash- proper authorities at Washington. ington and Oregon, and it extends north and south

TABLE of the Approximate Areas of those States and Territories of the United States whose exact Superficies cannot yet be determined, by reason of the absence or unfinished state of the United States Land and other Instrumental Surveys. Calculated according to the mode indicated in Guyot's Meteorological Tables, published by the Smithsonian Institution.

N.B. As most of these States, &c. are bounded by very irregular lines whose positions are not determined, it has been considered useless to give other than round numbers.

WASHINGTON, D.C.

December, 1863.

A. J. HILL, Draughtsman.

I. ARIZONA.

Organized as a Territory, February 24, 1863. Capital, Tucson. Area, estimated, 130,800 square miles No census of the population yet taken.

The Territory of Arizona is formed from that part of the old Territory of New Mexico lying west of the 100th meridian west from Greenwich (or 32d west from Washington), being bounded on

the south by Mexico, on the west by the Colorado River and Čalifornia, and on the north by Utah and Nevada. It is situated immediately east of southern California and north of Mexico