him at the same moment he had turned to gaze on us. The reader has had a like experience and appreciates the mutual mortification of the moment. Which of us felt the meanest is an unsolved problem. When on our late tour over Ohio we were in the Tom Corwin mansion, at Lebanon, Judge Sage, whose home it is and who was with us. said with pride, as enhancing the attrac

peaceful one; if war was to be waged, he warned Congress to prepare to wage it to the last extremity; and accordingly voted for all measures required to enable the government to maintain its honor and dignity."

He was on the ticket for the Vice-Presidency, with George B. McClellan for President, in 1864; was unsuccessful on the Democratic ticket for Governor of Ohio in 1869 against R. B. Hayes. In 1878 was elected U. S. Senator, and became Chairman of the Committee on Civil Service Reform. In 1885 he was appointed by President Cleveland U. S. Minister to Germany.

He died of apoplexy in Brussels, Nov. 24, 1889. His remains lie buried in Spring Grove. He was regarded as "the very pink of honor; performed many generous deeds; had antagonists, but no enemies."

Col. GEORGE WARD NICHOLS, small in person but great in will, was born in Fremont, Mt. Desert, on the coast of Maine, in 1837, and died in Cincinnati in 1885. He was a school-boy in Boston; then travelled in Europe, making his headquarters in Paris. His tastes were for the fine arts, and he learned to draw and paint. In the war period he was aid both to Fremont and to Sherman, on his march to the sea. Then he

DAVID SINTON.

tions of the mansion, "In the room over us GEORGE H. PENDLETON passed several days when he was an infant." This was the fullrounded man we met as above described. His fellow-townsmen called him "Gentleman George" from his suave manners and courtly ways. Then he was well fixed" for pleasant contemplation, possessing, as reputed, ample means, the best social relations, the best Virginia blood of the revolutionary war coursing through his veins, and as the mother of his children one of the most beautiful, sweetly-mannered of women, and of the blonde order, a daughter of Francis Scott Key, author of the never-to-be-forgotten ode, "The Star-Spangled Banner." Her tragic death in Central Park a few years ago, thrown from her carriage, is remembered with a pang.,

GEORGE HUNT PENDLETON was born in Cincinnati 25th July, 1825, and educated to the law. He was elected as a Democrat to Congress in 1856, serving till 1865, where he was on the Committees on Military Affairs and Ways and Means.

In 1860, at the time of the division of the Democratic party at the Charleston Convention, Mr. Pendleton warmly supported Mr. Douglas. On sectional questions he was moderate and conservative. If dissolution was inevitable, he preferred it should be a

GEORGE H. PENDLETON.

came to Cincinnati, where he was for a time engaged in drawing and painting. His life there is a part of the history of the city. His father's house had been a musical home, and love of music was his master passion. He became the originator and organizer of the May Musical Festivals, the Opera Festivals, and the College of Music, founded in 1879, and was its president, and placed the col

lege where envy could not reach it." The important educational influences of such work and the honorable reputation it has given the city, is not to be lightly measured. He was author of The Story of the Great March to the Sea; Art Education Applied to Industry," and "Pottery: How it is Made."

CHARLES W. WEST, whose great benefaction for an Art Museum in Cincinnati is a lasting memorial of beauty and pleasure, was born in Montgomery county, Pa. In 1810 worked on a farm, until he was twenty-one years of age, and at thirty-one established himself in Cincinnati as a merchant and had great success.

In September, 1880, he offered to contribute $150,000 toward the erection of an art museum building, provided that an equal amount was raised by subscription: on the condition being fulfilled he gave twice as much as he had promised. The building was begun in 1882 and finished in 1885; but Mr. West did not live to see it finished, he dying the year before aged seventy-four years. His portrait in the museum is in seeming that of a genial gentleman, full of sociality and good fellowship, which indeed were his characteristics. His offer came as a grand surprise. On the opening of the Exposition of 1880, its President, Hon. Melville E. Ingalls, the famed railroad manager, read a letter, later termed the "famous letter," from Mr. West, making his magnificent offer. When the Exposition closed "in glory," having been a great success financially and artistically, Mr. Ingalls gave a public dinner to its friends, whereupon fifty-three gentlemen obligated themselves to increase the fund for the Art Museum $1,000 each, in all $53,000. This assured success.

After the death of Mr. Joseph Longworth, the first President of the Museum, Mr. Ingalls was elected its president, and has since held the office by continuous elections, he managing things with the same vim as he has the Big Four." Like Col. George W. Nichols, already sketched in these pages. Mr. Ingalls is a native of Maine, born at Harrison, Sept. 6, 1842. As a matter of honoring record, we annex the names of the fifty-three who each gave one thousand dollars for the Art Museum; and in this connection inquire what other city can produce such a fiftythree?

F. Eckstein, M. M. White and wife, Richard B. Hopple, Morehead & Norton, C. H. and D. R. R., by John Carlisle, V. P., Peter Rudolph Neff, Alex. McDonald & Co., J. M. Nash, T. T. Gaff, for estate of J. W. Gaff, E. L. Harper & Co., Charles Fleischmann, Windisch Muhlhauser Bros. & Co., W. F. Thorne, Briggs Swift, Henry Lewis, Cincinnati Gas Light & Coke Co., Mrs. Larz Anderson, Cin. Street Ry. Co., by J. N. Kinney, A. S. Winslow, G. Y. Roots and wife, George Wilshire, Geo. Hoadly, Rev. Thomas H. Skinner, A. Gunnison, C. I. St. L. & C. R. R., by M. E. Ingalls, George W. McAlpin, E. W. Cunningham and wife, A. J. Mullane, Mrs. George Carlisle, Robert Mitchell, Chatfield & Woods, S. J. Broadwell, Wm. P. Hulbert, John Shillito, Walsh & Kellogg, Elliott H. Pendleton, Oliver

Perin, B. S. Cunningham and wife, J. H. Rogers, George Hofer, Joseph Kinsey, J. N. Kinney, B. F. Evans, A. H. Hinkle, George H. Hill, Robert Clarke & Co., C. W. Short, George H. Pendleton, M. E. Ingalls.

STANLEY MATTHEWS was born in Cincinnati, July 21, 1824, the son of a college professor. He graduated at Kenyon, where he was a classmate of R. B. Hayes, and lifelong friend. He adopted the profession of the law and at one time edited an anti-slavery newspaper, the Cincinnati Herald. He be

came judge of the Court of Common Pleas, held other offices, entered the army as Lieut. Col. of the 23d Ohio, W. S. Rosecrans being its Colonel, and R. B. Hayes, Major; remained in the army until April, 1863, when he was elected by the Republicans judge of the Superior Court of Cincinnati; soon resigned and engaged in a large and lucrative law practice. On the Electoral Commission he rendered efficient service to the claims of Mr. Hayes. In 1877 he succeeded John Sherman in the Senate. In 1881 he was appointed associate justice of the United States Supreme Court. He died March 21, 1889, leaving the reputation of being a great lawyer and a most lovable man. In person he was tall, manly and approachable to everybody. "If he had lived," said Senator Payne, he would have been the foremost jurist in the land." Another said, "Few stronger men have been born: he embodied extraordinary powers," and with him "Religion was a worship and not a show."

WILLIAM S. GROESBECK was born July 24, 1815, in New York city; was educated to the law and came to Cincinnati. In 1851 was a member of the State Constitutional Convention; in 1852 one of the commission

66

In

Birney in the publication of the Philanthropist, an Abolition newspaper, which was destroyed by a mob. ALBERT VON STEIN came to Čincinnati in 1817, and gained eminence as a civil engineer. He was builder of the Cincinnati water-works, the first in the country to be worked by pumps; made drawings for Wilson's Ornithology;" built the Appomatox canal, and water-works for Richmond, Lynchburg, Petersburg, New Orleans, Nashville and Mobile. He died in 1876, aged 84 years. Dr. FRIEDRICH REESE, a very learned man (in 1825), was the first German Catholic priest in Cincinnati, later was bishop of Detroit; he was the founder of the Scientific School and of the Athenæum-the nucleus from which sprang St. Xavier College. Dr. WILHELM NAST, born in 1807, studied theology and philosophy with David Strauss in the celebrated Turbingen Institute; emigrated in 1828; in 1831 and 1832 went over to the Methodist church, and is considered as the father of German Methodism in America. He founded here two German Methodist newspapers. His theological works are very numerous, and he "has persuaded many to study in German universities, although he must have been aware that they would change their narrow religious views for wider and riper ones. 1826 appeared the first German newspaper, Die Ohio Chronik. In 1834 the Germans formed a German society, that they might aid each other to assure a better future, and to secure generally those charitable aims which are impossible to the single individual. Among those who formed this was HEINRICH RODTER, journalist and lawyer. He was editor of the Volksblatt, founded in 1836 as the organ of the Democrats. In 1847-48, as a member of the Ohio Legislature, he had passed the law which secures workingmen a lien on houses built by them, and also a law reducing the cost of naturalization to foreigners. Although a Democrat, he voted against the black laws and was antislavery in his sentiments; at one time was a law partner with the eminent J. B. Stallo. He died in 1857. KARL GUSTAVE REEMELIN was born in Wurtemburg in 1814, and at the age of 18 years arrived in this country. was on the eve of the election of Andrew Jackson, when he became attached to the Democratic party, to which he has always adhered. His studies and experience at home had already given him an enthusiasm for free trade and a prejudice against paper money and a banking system; and he thought he saw in the Whig party an inclination toward puritanism which was naturally repugnant to the genuine German nature. The name Democracy had a certain charm for the Germans; and as the wealthy classes mostly belonged to the Whig party they classed them with the European aristocracy. Reemelin became one of the founders of the Volksblatt, studied law but never practised, and entered into politics. As a member of the Ohio Legislature he criticised very sharply the then defective method of taxation, and

This

evinced a thorough study of political economy." He was a leading member of the Constitutional Convention in 1850-51; the article in the constitution is due to his exertions which prevents the legislature from making arbitrary divisions in the electoral districts. Through this great abuses had arisen, minorities at times having gained a majority in the legislature. He visited the reform schools in Europe, and guided by his report the legislature established the Reform School at Lancaster. Becoming tired of politics he eventually retired to his beautiful farm and vineyard near Cincinnati, where he has written much for agricultural journalsone upon "The Climate of Ohio." He has published The Vine Dresser's Manual," The Wine Maker's Manual," and "Politics as a Science.'

66

The fact that Cincinnati owns the finest zoological garden in the country is due to another German gentleman, Mr. ANDREW ERKENBRECHER, lately deceased. It was his original conception and was pushed to consummation with characteristic energy. He was born in Bavaria in 1822, and came to this country in his fourteenth year.

EMIL KLAUPRECHT, born at Mainz, in 1815, first carried on lithography in Cincinnati and then turned to journalism. In 1843 he published the first belles-lettres periodical, the Fliegende Blatter, with lithographic illustrations, the first German illustrated paper in the United States. He was at one time United States consul for Stuttgart. He edited a Whig paper, the Republicaner, which for ten years was the principal organ of his party in the Western States. He wrote several novels and an historical work, 'Deutsche Chronik in der Geschichte des Ohio Thales." The Germans have supplied to Cincinnati other literary men of marked ability, as Heinrick Von Martels, Dr. Joseph H. Pulte, founder of the Pulte Homœopathic College; Heinrich A. Rattermann, founder of the German Mutual Insurance Company. "Mr. Rattermann has written poetry in both the German and English; has worked with especial industry in the history of civilization, and has taken upon himself to vindicate a just estimate of German emigration, and showing therein a sharp and critical judgment. The names of others connected with editorship or education can be mentioned, but we have no room for details, as Dr. Friedrich Roelker, August Renz, Joseph Anton Hemann, Stephen Molitor, Nikolaus Hofer, Rev. Geo. Walker, Ludwig Rehfuss, founder of the Lafayette Guard in 1836, the first German military company, Pastor August Kroll, etc.

In art the Germans have been especially prominent, as the names of many Cincinnati artists testify. As early as 1826 Gottfried Schadow founded here an Academy of Fine Arts, and had for a pupi! Hiram Powers. He died of cholera and with him perished his academy. He made busts of Governor Morrow and President Harrison, the first of which is now in the State library.