mendation, with regard to facilities for the admission of visitors, will be adopted to the letter. "As it is intended," he says, "that this clock should be one of which the nation may be proud, and in which the maker ought to feel that his credit is deeply concerned, I would propose that the access to it should be made good, and even slightly ornamented, and that facility should be given to the inspection of the clock by mechanics and by foreigners."— Chambers's Journal.

from the first such as it retains at present, and of two or three other double-columned quarto journals, all the newspapers of the Revolution were published in octavo, sometimes duodecimo. Each number contained from eight to twelve pages; the price from nine to twelve francs a quarter.

forty to fifty Friends and Defenders; besides an endless catalogue of Mirrors, Lanterns, and Enemies. Among the more grotesque or pointed titles were "The National Whip;" "For and Against:" "The Listener at the Door," motto-" Walls have ears:" "The Tocsin of Fearless Richard:" "The French Democritus," motto-"At everything to laugh is folly; he laughs best who laughs the last :" "The Evangelists of the Day:" "The Breakfast:" "Mustard after Dinner:" "To-morrow:" "All the World's Cousin!" "Hang Me, but Listen to Me:" "Stop PERIODICALS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION.-The Thief-Stop Thief:" "I Don't Care a Rap; Liberté, Revolution, which gave liberty and license to Libertas, the Deuce." Many others might be enuthought, speech, and action, no matter of what cha- merated. This short list will, however, suffice to racter, was not without its effect upon the press. The convey an idea of the press in France during the whole kingdom was inundated with newspapers re- Revolution; years of liberty, as Malouet observes, presenting every passion that agitated the popular speedily degenerated into libertinage. With the exmind. No sooner had the States-General assembled ception of the "Moniteur," the form of which was in 1789, than Mirabeau commenced the publication of his famous "Letters to his Constituents;" and a host of others started up to record or discuss the acts of the legislators. Whole volumes would be required to give a faithful sketch of the revolutionary press: we give some of the more prominent titles. "The Peep of Day, or Collection of what Passed the Night before in the National Assembly," by Bar- LITERARY SUPERANNUATION.-We understand that rère: "The Evangelists of the Day :" "The Revolu- a petition is about to be presented on behalf of nutions of Paris," by the triumvirate Prudhomme, merous characters-classical, historical and alleLoustalot, and Tournon, with its famous epigraph gorical-to be permitted to retire from the service of -"The great only appear great to us because we are on our knees: let us rise." "The Journal des Débats et Décrets:" "The Parisian Publicist, Free and Impartial Journal," by Marat, the friend of the people: The Acts of the Apostles," a medley in verse and prose: "The National Gazette, or Moniteur Universel," date of the first number, November 24, 1789: in short, during the first year of liberty, more than 150 journals started into existence. The following year, 1790, the number was 140; among the latter we may quote "The Iron Mouth," by the Abbé Fauchet: The Friend of the King:"The Friend of the Citizens:" "The Village Sheet." A gradual diminution appears to have taken place: in 1791, the number of new journals was 95; then 60, 50, 40, 35, 35, until 1797, when it went up again to 95; in 1798, it fell to 17; 26 in 1799; and in 1800, 7 only: making a total in the twelve years of 750 publications. The number was probably greater, as it is scarcely possible to determine it with accuracy. SHELLEY AND BYRON.-"The eternal child!" This Every party had its organ--royalist, republican, or beautiful expression so true in its application to Jacobin. Robespierre brought out, "The Defender Shelley, I borrow from Mr. Gilfillan, and I am of the Constitution;" "The Old Cordelier" was tempted to add the rest of his eloquent parallel beedited by Camille-Desmoulins: "The Journal of tween Shelley and Lord Byron, so far as it relates the Mountain" had numerous conductors. There to their external appearance. In the forehead and were more than 100 with the prefix of "Journal;" head of Byron, there was a more massive power and and as in an uproar such as the Revolution created breadth. Shelley's had a smooth, arched, spiritual it is difficult to gain a hearing, every one tried to expression; wrinkles there seemed none on his brow; cry louder than his neighbor; or, when this means it was as if perpetual youth had there dropped its failed, to sell cheaper, or to assume a more extra- freshness. Byron's eye seemed the focus of pride ordinary title. There were "The Journal of the and lust. Shelley's was mild, pensive, fixed on you, Men of the 14th July, and of the Faubourg St. An- but seeing through the mist of its own idealism. toine:" "The Journal of the Sans-Culottes," in- Defiance curled Byron's nostril, and sensuality steep scribed-"The souls of emperors and those of cob- ed his full, large lips; the lower portions of Shelblers are cast in the same mould:" "The Journal of ley's face were frail, feminine, and flexible. Byron's Louis XVI, and of his People:" "Poor Richard's head was turned upwards, as if, having proudly risen Journal:" "The Devil's Journal:" "The Journal above his contemporaries, he were daring to claim of the Good and Bad:" "The Journal of Idlers," kindred, or to demand a contest with a superior order which "told everything in few words:" "The Jour- of beings. Shelley's was half bent in reverence and nal of Incurables:" and "The Journal of Laughers." humility before some vast vision seen by his eye alone. The title of fifteen others commenced with Bulletin; In the portrait of Byron, taken at the age of nineseven were Gazettes; half-a-dozen each of Annals, teen, you see the unnatural age of premature pasSheets, and Chronicles; eight Couriers, and as sion. His hair is grey, his dress is youthful, but many Postilions; twenty Correspondence; from his face is old. In Shelley you see the eternal child,

literature, and to be placed on the Superannuation Fund, on the ground of their being completely worn out. The Lernæan Hydra, Cincinnatus, Hercules, with his labors, and Garrick, whose position between tragedy and comedy, is becoming quite a bore, will, it is expected, be put upon the list, and allowed to retire into private life on the score of extreme age. Any writer found dragging them forward into public notice by attempting to make them do duty any longer, will be severely punished. The Augean Štable is also to be shut up until further notice, and literary trespassers will be prosecuted with the utmost rigor of the critical law. A handsome reward will be paid for any new historical or classical illustrations, to replace the veteran body, whose retirement has been considered advisable in consequence of its strength having become utterly exhausted by being too much employed.-Punch.

none the less because the hair is grey, and that question but that the Master's finding is right. But "sorrow seems half his immortality."-Capt.Medwin. a question arises, whether, under the circumstances

THE BURMESE THRONE.-The celebrated Burmese Throne, or Rath, belonging to Mr. Batty, of Astley's Theatre, left that establishment, drawn by the team of enormous camels en route for Liverpool. The novelty of such an equipage attracted a vast crowd, which increased as it progressed. The animals becoming alarmed at the shouts of the people when in Parliament-street, started off at full gallop, the camel-drivers having much difficulty in keeping up with them. Opposite the Horse Guards the foremost animals fell down, and the entire team rolled over them, the Burmese throne narrowly escaping destruction. After a time the unwieldy creatures were extricated, and reached the railway at Eustonsquare without further mishap.

LONGEVITY-A Trieste journal records the death of Luca Brissiac, an old soldier, at the age of 116 years, having enjoyed good health to the last. Of his life our authority says:-" He was born at Trieste, and baptized at San Guisto in 1731, according to the baptismal certificate, which we ourselves have examined, and which the old fellow was wont to show to the incredulous. He served in the Seven Years' War, and had seen Maria Theresa in Vienna, whom he could only describe as "a fat lady, attired in black." This was all he could tell us of the once famous Empress of Germany. He served as a soldier for ninety-six years; and for about forty years he played the apostle," as he said, having been chosen from amongst the most aged for the office more scriptural than savoury-of washing the feet of the rest. Such was his simple career."

of the case, the status of Thomas, and William, his son, is not such as to incapacitate William, the grandson, from taking lands by descent from the testatrix. The argument in that view was founded upon the two treaties of this country with the United States, of September, 1783, and November, 1794. I am clear that there is nothing in either of these treaties to affect the rights of William the grandson. The treaty of 1783 empowered British-born subjects, then residing in America, to become American citizens; it did not empower British subjects who af terwards should go to reside there, to become such citizens. "Doe v. Mulcaster" (8 Barn and Cr.) is a case in point. Thomas Willock never was in America until 1784, and therefore he was not a subject of that treaty of 1783. The treaty of 1794 was in the nature of a local act, and Thomas Willock did not reside in the locality. The correctness, then. of the Master's conclusion must depend upon the statutes of the 7th Anne, chap. 5, 4th George II. chap. 21, 13th George III., chap. 21, and 3d James I., chap. 4. Thomas Willock went to America in 1784, and his son and grandson were born there: the son, therefore, not being born within the King's allegiance, his capacity must depend upon the 7th Anne and 4th George II. By the third section of the former statute it is declared "that the children of all natural born subjects, born out of the alle giance of Her Majesty, her heirs and successors, shall be deemed, adjudged, and taken to be natural born subjects to all intents, constructions, and purposes whatsoever." The statute of the 4th George II., chap. 21, explaining that of Anne, requires "That the fathers of such children shall be natural born subjects at the time of the birth of such child

jects." From the words of the last act, it is clear that the capacity of William, the grandson, to inherit depends upon the question whether William, the son, at the time of his birth, was entitled to the virtue of the statutes of 7th Anne and 4th George rights and privileges of a natural born subject by

AMERICANS INHERITING PROPERTY IN ENG-ren respectively." The only question up to this LAND. An important case was lately decided in the point of the case would be, whether in 1788, at the Court of Chancery in England, which may have time of the birth of William, the son, Thomas, had its interest to our readers, respecting the right of As to William, the grandson, the 13th George III. ceased to be a natural born subject of Great Britain. Americans to inherit property in England. The Judg- chap. 21, provides, That all persons born out of ment was given by Sir J. Wigram. In this case a the allegiance, &c., whose fathers were, or should reference had been directed to the Master to inquire by virtue of the statutes 7th Anne and 4th George who was the heir at-law of Ann Taylor, the testatrix in the cause, living at the time of her death. 11, be entitled to the rights and privileges of natural The Master found that the testatrix was the daughter born subjects, should be deemed natural born subof one William Willock, who died in 1773. In 1839 the testatrix died without issue. The testatrix had a sister Elizabeth, who married one Butler, and had issue Thomas D. Butler, one of the claimants; and a sister Alice, who married one Sause, and died in 1772, leaving a daughter, Fanny Eglington. The testatrix had also a brother, Thomas Willock, who. The inquiry as to the capacity of William, the died in 1833, leaving a son, William Willock, who grandson, must be answered by transferring the inwas born in 1778, was married in 1823, and died inquiry to the capacity of William, the son, under 1835, leaving a son, William Willock. Thomas Willock left also a second son, J. T. Willock, and The first question arises as to the disqualifications a daughter Catherine, who was one of the plaintiffs expressed in the second section of the 4th George in the cause. The Master found that W. Willock, II., chap. 21. Those qualifications are three: they the grandson of Thomas, was the heir at law of the extend, first, to children whose fathers, at the time testatrix at the time of her death. By the report, it of their birth, were or should be attainted of high appeared that in 1784, Thomas Willock, a British treason by judgment, outlawry, or otherwise: seborn subject, had gone to reside in the United States, condly, to children whose fathers, at the time of their and in the same year had taken the oath of alle- birth, were, or should be liable to the penalties of giance to that Government, by the terms of which high treason or felony, in case of their returning to he renounced and abjured his allegiance to any other this kingdom without the license of the Crown; and State or Government whatsoever. The parties ex- thirdly, children whose fathers, at the time of their cepting to the Master's report were the descendants birth, were or should be in the actual service of any of testatrix's sisters and J. T. Willock, the second foreign prince or state at enmity with the Crown. son of Thomas Willock. The case having been The first and third disqualifications gave rise to no argued for several previous days, question, for no such attaind er or foreign service has been shown in this case. With respect to the second disqualification, I think it was well argued, on

His Honor now delivered judgment. According to the pedigree, which is not disputed, there is no

those statutes.

The

the part of the grandson, that the words of the se- WHAT ARE NEBULE-As respects the idea cond section as to returning into the kingdom with- conveyed by the word nebulæ, it seems not easy out license clearly point to a well known class of to draw any distinct and serviceable line of demaroffences; and the fact that such a distinct class of of- cation between objects optically and physically fences did exist and subject the offenders to the pe- (i. e., apparently and really) nebulous. We have nalties of treason or felony, is a sufficient reason in no knowledge of any natural limit, in either direc my opinion to induce any court of justice to restrain tion, to the real size and lustre of those self-lumithe words of the statute within those limits. No nous bodies we call stars. Masses of luminous construction of a statute could be more improbable matter, as large as mountains or planets, if congrethan one which requires a court of justice to deter gated by millions, at the vast distance of a nebula, mine incidentally, that a person was actually guilty would affect our sight, armed with any conceivable of treason or felony in the absence of that party. amount of telescopic power we can hope to attain, An argument, however, of another kind was resort- individually, no more than the undistinguishable ed to; it was said that Thomas, in the circumstances particles of a cloud of dust on a sunny day, or found by the Master, had abjured his allegiance, and than the constituent aqueous spherules of an actual before the birth of William, his son, had become by cloud or fog, from which the term in question his own acts an American citizen, and had ceased derives its origin. It is between discrete and altogether to be a British subject. After giving this concrete forms of matter only that any true argument the fullest consideration, I think that it is physical líne can be drawn between a multitude of fallacious. The privileges conferred by the statutes distinctly separated bodies, whether greater or less, in question upon the children of subjects born out of constituting a system, and continuous, solid, liquid, the King's allegiance, are the privileges of the chil- or gaseous matter, constituting a whole, or individren and not of the fathers, and are conferred upon dual. No one has yet considered, or is likely, Sir the children for the benefit of the state itself; though John Herschel presumes, to consider, a nebula as a I do not say that if the parents are disqualified by solid or liquid body (in our sense of the words), their own acts the children may not lose the privi- variously luminous in its different parts. leges conferred upon them by these statutes. But the parent may do acts short of this, subjecting him- form of matter, has rather suggested itself to the gaseous, or (to speak more properly) the cloudy self to penalties or forfeiture, but if the question is, imagination of those who have speculated on this whether, by the act of the father, the child shall lose subject; for we must bear in mind that a cloud is his privileges, it is not enough to show that the father not a gas, but a mixture of gasiform with solid or has done an act which may possibly have a given fluid matter, or both, in a state of extreme subdieffect; it must be shown that the acts of the father vision. It is certainly conceivable that a continuactually had that effect which the argument ascribes to them, and without that the rights of the children luminous throughout its whole substance; but it ous transparent liquid or gaseous medium may be will be unaffected by the acts of the father. No-will be found, Sir John Herschel apprehends, on a thing is more certain than that natural born sub-careful examination of every case apparently in jects cannot get rid of their allegiance by any such acts as the Master has found to have been done by thing within the limits of direct experience. Ig point, that nature furnishes no example of such a Thomas. I do not deny that Thomas may have sub. nited liquids (as glass, for example, or melted jected himself to pains and penalties, but the question is upon the rights and privileges of the chil-nitre, &c.) are demonstrably, only superficially luminous. Were it otherwise, their apparent indren; and whilst the obligation of allegiance remains upon the father, the rights and privileges of tensity of illumination would be proportioned to the children will not be affected by the acts relied the depth of melted matter, which is not the case. upon. I am not now called upon to say how far the Air, however intensely heated (if perfectly free acts of the Legislature of this country can make a from dust), gives out no light. man, born out of the allegiance, a subject against more than surmised to owe their light to solid or his will; all I am called upon to decide is, that a fluid materials existing in them as such, and in a man, entitled under the statutes in question to such state of ignition. The flame of mixed oxygen and rights, cannot be deprived of them by such acts of hydrogen can hardly be doubted to owe what little his father as have been relied upon. The statute of light it possesses to intermixed impurities; and in 3d James I., chap. 4, sections 22 and 23, no doubt the flames of carbonaceous matters, and others, creates an offence; but in the absence of attainder, where metals or phosphorus are burned, and judgment, or outlawry the case falls under the fore- fixed oxides are generated, the intensity of the going observations. This appears to me to dispose light bears an evident proportion to the fixity of of the question as between the descendants of the the ignited molecules-on whose surfaces, it may testatrix's sisters and William, the grandson. But be presumed to originate by some unknown elecit was contended on the part of J. T. Willock, that he tric or other process.-Sir John Herschell. was to be preferred to the grandson on the ground that the latter had not qualified himself by receiving NATURE OF SPOTS ON THE SUN.-On the solar the sacrament, taking the oaths, and subscribing the envelope, of whose fluid nature there can be no declarations within the five years, as prescribed by doubt, we clearly perceive, by our telescopes, an the statute. These acts were not done within the intermixture (without blending or mutual dilution) five years; but it does appear to me impossible to of two distinct substances or states of matter; the read that act and not to see that some reasonable one luminous, the other not so; and the phenomena time must be allowed before the party is required to of the spots and pores tend directly to the concludo these acts. It certainly is not meant that the sion that the non-luminous portions are gaseous, party should do them before the title has accrued by however they may leave the nature of the lumithe death of the ancestor. It is within the meaning nous doubtful: they suggest the idea of radiant of Lord Coke that where a party is entitled to cer- matter floating in a non-radiant medium, showing tain rights he has time allowed him to do the requi- a tendency to separate itself by subsidence, after site acts to perfect his title. Being of opinion that the manner of snow in air, or precipitates in a the Master was right in his conclusion, the excep- liquid of slightly inferior density.-Sir John Hertions must be overruled, with costs. schell.

Even flames are

AN ACCOMPLISHED SOMNAMBULIST.-A curious nent at that time. Viotti, I remember, was abcircumstance has been related by a highly-bene-surdly ordered out of the country, and Kelly, ficed member of the Roman Catholic Church. In who was a manager in the Opera House, officially the college where he was educated was a young announced from the stage, that Madame Catalani seminarist who habitually walked in his sleep; and her husband Valabreque, were not objects of and while in a state of somnambulism, used to sit suspicion to the government. I was surprised at down to his desk and compose the most eloquent the vigor of Madame Catalani, and how little she sermons; scrupulously erasing, effacing, or inter- was altered since I saw her at Derby, in 1828. I lining, whenever an incorrect expression had fallen paid her a compliment upon her good looks. from his pen. Though his eyes were apparently "Ah," said she, "I'm grown old and ugly." I fixed upon the paper when he wrote, it was clear would not allow it. "Why, man," she said, "I'm that they exercised no optical functions; for he sixty-six?" She has lost none of that commanding wrote just as well when an opaque substance was expression which gave her such dignity on the interposed between them and the sheet of the pa- stage. She is without a wrinkle, and appears to be per. Sometimes an attempt was made to remove no more than forty. Her breadth of chest is still the paper, in the idea that he would write upon remarkable; it was this that endowed her with the the desk beneath. But it was observed that he finest voice that ever sang. Her speaking voice and instantly discerned the change, and sought another dramatic air are still charming and not in the least sheet of paper, as nearly as possible resembling impaired.-Gardiner's Sights in Italy. the former one. At other times a blank sheet of

paper was substituted by the bystanders for the THE GENEVA PROFESSORS.-Dr. Malan is near one on which he had been writing; in which case, seventy and looks considerably older-his snow on reading over, as it were, his composition, he white hair falling on his shoulders, but the glance was sure to place the corrections, suggested by the of his eye and his general manners are those of a perusal, at precisely the same intervals they would man of sixty. He speaks English fluently, and has have occupied in the original sheet of manuscript. a very clear, melodious voice, and rare skill in singThis young priest, moreover, was an able musician; ing-as I can personally testify. His missionary and was seen to compose several pieces of music tours among Roman Catholics, as described by himwhile in a state of somnambulism, drawing the self, are most interesting. As a popular preacher lines of the music paper for the purpose with a and speaker in his own way, it is not probable that ruler and pen and ink, and filling the spaces with many excel him. his notes with the utmost precision, besides a Prof. Gaussen is about fifty-seven, but youthful careful adaptation of the words, in vocal pieces. for that age; his face very intelligent and of a most On one occasion the somnambulist dreamed that pleasant expression, with nothing French in his he sprang into a river to save a drowning child; features. If the impressions, which I received, are and, on his bed, he was seen to imitate the move- those which are usually made by him on strangers; ment of swimming. Seizing the pillow, he ap-few men are so winning; rarely have I so regretted peared to snatch it from the waves and lay it on the obstacles to a free, fraternal conversation, which the shore. The night was intensely cold; and so are interposed by comparative ignorance of each severely did he appear affected by the imaginary other's language. Of his work on Theopneusty, so chill of the river, as to tremble in every limb; and peculiar for its originality and acuteness, I need not his state of cold and exhaustion, when roused, was here speak. so alarming, that it was judged necessary to administer wine and other restoratives.-Poyntz's World of Wonders.

Dr. Merle D'Aubigne must be six feet two, and of large frame. His countenance is massive in its features, his complexion dark, and the engravingprefixed to the American reprint of his History of the Reformation would be generally deemed a flattery. As a resemblance, it is of little value. I understood him to say in answer to a friend accompanying me, that he had as yet made but little progress in the 5th volume, in consequence of other engagements.

A VISIT TO MADAME CATALANI.-We called upon Madame Catalani, who leaves her palazzo, on the side of the mountains, in the winter months, to reside with her son Malabreque, in Florence, She presently made her appearance with that vivacity and captivating manner which so much delighted us in England. After a short conversaSTEAM PLOW.-A French paper,' "La Semaine," tion with Madame O- -, I spoke to her in announces the invention of a steam plow, or rather English, coupling my name with that of Mrs. Lo- a mode of digging by means of steam, from which raine Smith, of Leicestershire, at whose house I great results are anticipated. The inventor is a spent a week with her 36 years ago. The incident young medical man, named Baraff. The paper directly flashed across her mind, and with obvious states that one of two horse power was in operation pleasure, she began to recount the honors paid her at the residence of the maker, who was constructing on that occasion, especially a banquet at Mr. Fo- another of double that power. The machine prochin's, of Barkby. She retains her English, and ceeds along the field, and digs the ground with the was pleased to talk to me in my own language. I greatest precision. Two beams, furnished with five observed that it was forty years since I first heard mattocks each, act successively upon the soil, loosenher at the Opera in London. She instantly re- ing it to the depth of 12 or 15 inches, and pounding plied, "Thirty-nine. I was in Portugal in 1807, it as small as compost. By using only one of the and though the war was raging, I ventured to make beams, a tillage of the usual depth can be effected. my way to England through France. When at Paris I was denied a passport. However, I got in- THE RAILWAY KING.-According to the "Cartroduced to Talleyrand, and by the aid of a hand- lisle Journal," my lord, the railway king," has reful of gold, I was put into a government boat, and ceived the degree of doctor of philosophy from one ordered to lie down to avoid being shot; and, won- of the German universities." Doctor of philosophy! derful to relate, I got over in safety, with my little But it may not be so very inappropriate; Manfred boy seven months old." Great suspicion was at- calls philosophy—“ of all our vanities the motliest." tached to foreigners, who arrived from the Conti--Jerrold's Newspaper.