great knowledge in mechanics, v. 82.
Forms the design of the church of St.
Sophia at Constantinople, 84.
Anthony, St. father of the Egyptian
monks, his history, iv. 372.
Anthropormorphites, among the early
Christians, personifiers of the Deity,
vi. 8.
Antioch, taken and destroyed by Sapor
king of Persia, i. 304. Flourishing
state of the Christian church there, in
the reign of Theodosius, ii. 123.

-, History of the body of St. Babylas,
bishop of, iii. 161. The cathedral of,
shut up, and its wealth confiscated by
the emperor Julian, 162. Licentious
manners of the citizens, 176. Popular
discontents during the residence of Ju-
lian there, 178.

Sedition there, against the empe-
ror Theodosius, iii. 427. The city par-
doned, 430.

―, Is taken, and ruined, by Chosroes
king of Persia, v. 224. Great destruc-
tion there by an earthquake, 297. Is
again seized by Chosroes II. 454.

Is reduced by the Saracens, and
ransomed, vi. 351. Is recovered by the
Greeks, 466.

-, Besieged and taken by the first
crusaders, vii. 233.

Antonina, the wife of Belisarius, her cha-
racter, v. 118. Examines and con-
victs pope Sylverius of treachery, 171.
Her activity during the siege of Rome,
173. Her secret history, 187. Founds
a convent for her retreat, 290.
Antoninus, a Roman refugee at the court
of Sapor king of Persia, stimulates
him to an invasion of the Roman pro-
vinces, ii. 361.

Antoninus Pius, his character and that of
Hadrian compared, i. 8. Is adopted
by Hadrian, 86.

Antoninus Marcus, his defensive wars, i.
10. Is adopted by Pius at the instance
of Hadrian, 86. His character, 94.
His war against the united Germans,
265. Suspicious story of his edict in
favour of the Christians, ii. 182.
Aper, Arrius, prætorian præfect, and fa-
ther-in-law to the emperor Numerian,
is killed by Diocletian as the presump-
tive murderer of that prince, i. 392.
Apharban, the Persian, his embassy from
Narses king of Persia, to the emperor
Galerius, i. 420.
Apocalypse, why now admitted into the
canon of the Scriptures, ii. 84. note.
Apocaucus, admiral of Constantinople,
his confederacy against John Cantacu-
zene, vii. 433. His death, 437.

VOL. VIII.

Apollinaris, bishop of Laodicea, his hypo-
thesis of the divine incarnation of
Jesus Christ, vi. 9.

Apollinaris, patriarch of Alexandria, but-
chers his flock in defence of the Ca-
tholic doctrine of the incarnation, vi. 68.
Apollonius of Tyana, his doubtful charac-
ter, i. 343. note.

Apotheosis of the Roman emperors, how
this custom was introduced, i. 78.
Apsimar dethrones Leontius emperor of
Constantinople, and usurps his place,
vi. 89.

Apulia, is conquered by the Normans,
vii. 111. Is confirmed to them by
papal grant, 116.

Aquileia, besieged by the emperor Maxi-
min, i. 205. Is taken and destroyed
by Attila king of the Huns, iv. 292.
Aquitain, is settled by the Goths, under
their king Wallia, iv. 156. Is con-
quered by Clovis king of the Franks,
iv. 438.

Arabia, its situation, soil, and climate, vi.
221. Its division into the Sandy, the
Stony, and the Happy, 223. The pas-
toral Arabs, ib. Their horses and ca-
mels, 224, 225. Cities of, 226. Man-
ners and customs of the Arabs, 227.
Their language, 234. Their benevo-
lence, 236. History and description
of the Caaba of Mecca, 238. Reli-
gions, 241. Life and doctrine of Ma-
homet, 243. Conquest of, by Maho-
met, 280. Character of the caliphs,
312. Rapid conquests of, 314. Lim-
its of their conquests, 408. Three ca-
liphs established, 430. Introduction
of learning among the Arabians, 434.
Their progress in the sciences, 436.
Their literary deficiencies, 440. De-
cline and fall of the caliphs, 458.
Arbetio, a veteran under Constantine the

Great, leaves his retirement to oppose
the usurper Procopius, iii. 250.
Arbogastes, the Frank, his military pro-
motion under Theodosius in Gaul, and
conspiracy against Valentinian the
Younger, iii. 440. Is defeated by The-
odosius, and kills himself, 445.
Arcadius, son of the emperor Theodosius,
succeeds to the empire of the East, iv.
1. His magnificence, 166. Extent
of his deminions, 167. Administra-
tion of his favourite eunuch Eutropius,
168.

His cruel law against treason,
173. Signs the condemnation of Eu-
tropius, 178. His interview with the
revolters Tribigild and Gainas, 180.
His death, and supposed testament,
193.

Architecture, Roman, the general mag-

PP

nificence of, indicated by the existing
ruins, i. 49.

Ardaburius, his expedition to Italy, to re-
duce the usurper John, iv. 209.
Argonauts, the object of their expedition
to Colchos, v. 230.

Ariadne, daughter of the emperor Leo,
and wife of Zeno, her character, and
marriage afterward with Anastasius,
v. 5.

Arii, a tribe of the Lygians, their terrific

mode of waging war, i. 370.
Arinthæus, is appointed general of the
horse by the emperor Julian on his Per-
sian expedition, in 189. Distinguishes
himself against the usurper Procopius,

250.

Ariovistus, seizes two-thirds of the lands
of the Sequani in Gaul, for himself and
his German followers, iv. 450.

Aristobulus, principal minister of the house
of Carus, is received into confidence
by the emperor Diocletian, i. 396.
Aristotle, his logic better adapted to the
detection of error, than for the disco-
very of truth, vi. 438.

Arius, is excommunicated for heretical
notions concerning the Trinity, iii. 17.
Strength of his party, ibid. His opi-
nions examined in the council of Nice,
20. Account of Arian sects, 24. Coun-
cil of Rimini, 28. His banishment and
recall, 31. His suspicious death, 32.

The Arians persecute the Cathol-
ics in Africa, iv. 399.
Armenia, is seized by Sapor king of Per-
sia, i. 302. Tiridates restored, 412. He
is again expelled by the Persians, 416.
Is resigned to Tiridates by treaty be
tween the Romans and Persians, 423.
-, Is rendered tributary to Persia, on
the death of Tiridates, ii. 315. Char-

acter of Arsaces Tiranus, king of, and
his conduct toward the emperor Ju-
lian, iii. 185. Is reduced by Sapor to
a Persian province, 294.

-, Its distractions and division between
the Persians and the Romans, iv. 204.
- History of Christianity there, vi.
65.

Armies of the Eastern empire, state of,

under the emperor Maurice, v. 442.
Armorica, the provinces of, form a free
government independent of the Ro-
mans, iv. 159. Submits to Clovis king
of the Franks, 428. Settlement of Bri-
tons in, 474.

Armour, defensive, is laid aside by the
Romans, and adopted by the Barbari-
ans, iii. 448.

Arnold of Brescia, his heresy, and history,
viii.

Arragon, derivation of the name of that
province, i. 22. note.

Arrian, his visit to, and description of,
Colchos, v. 234.

Arsaces Tiranus, king of Armenia, his
character, and disaffection to the em-
peror Julian, iii 185. Withdraws his
troops treacherously from the Roman
service, 206. His disastrous end, 294.
Arsenius, patriarch of Constantinople, ex-
communicates the emperor Michael
Palæologus, vii. 403. Faction of the
Arsenites, 404.

Artaban, king of Parthia, is defeated and
slain by Artaxerxes king of Persia, i.

221.

Artaban, his conspiracy against the em-
peror Justinian, v. 267. Is intrusted
with the conduct of the armament sent
to Italy, 270
Artasires, king of Armenia, is deposed
by the Persians at the instigation of his
own subjects, iv. 206.

Artavasdes, his revolt against the Greek
emperor Constantine V. at Constanti-
nople, vi. 162.

Artaxerxes, restores the Persian monar-
chy, i. 221. Prohibits every worship
but that of Zoroaster, 228. His war
with the Romans, 234. His character
and maxim's, 237.

Artemius, duke of Egypt under Constan-
tius, is condemned to death under Ju-
lian, for cruelty and corruption, iii. 110.
Arthur, king of the Britons, his history ob-

scured by monkish fictions, iv. 475.
Arvandus, prætorian præfect of Gaul, his
trial and condemnation by the Roman
senate, iv. 350.

Ascalon, battle of, between Godfrey king
of Jerusalem, and the sultan of Egypt,
vii. 247.

Ascetics, in ecclesiastical history, account
of, iv. 371.

Asclepiodatus reduces and kills the British
usurper Allectus, i. 405.
Asia, summary view of the revolutions in
that quarter of the world, i. 219.
Asia Minor described, i. 27. Amount of
its tribute to Rome, 178. Is conquered
by the Turks, vii. 182.
Asiarch, the nature of this office among

the ancient Pagans, ii. 119. note.
Aspar is commissioned by Theodosius the
Younger to conduct Valentinian HI. to
Italy, iv. 209. Places his steward Leo
on the throne of the Eastern empire,
337. He and his sons murdered by Leo,
v. 3.

Assassins, the principality of, destroyed by
the Moguls, vii. 461.

Assemblies of the people abolished under

the Roman emperors, i. 76. The na-
ture of, among the ancient Germans,
252.

Assyria, the province of, described, iii.

192. Is invaded by the emperor Ju-
lian, 194. His retreat, 211.
Astarte, her image brought from Car-
thage to Rome, as a spouse for Elaga-
balus, i. 163.

Astolphus, king of the Lombards, takes
the city of Ravenna,and attacks Rome,
vi. 173. Is repelled by Pepin king of
France, 174.

Astrology, why cultivated by the Arabian
astronomers, vi. 438.

Athalaric, the son of Amalasontha, queen
of Italy, his education and character,
v. 149.

Athanaric the Gothic chief, his war against
the emperor Valens, iii. 304. His al-
liance with Theodosius, his death and
funeral, 378.

1

Athanasius, St. confesses his understand-
ing bewildered by meditating on the di-
vinity of the Logos, iii. 13. General
view of his opinions, 22. Is banished,
31. His character and adventures, 37.
167. 234. His death, 262. Was not
the author of the famous creed under
his name, iv. 407. note.
Athanasius, patriarch of Constantinople,
his contests with the Greek emperor
Andronicus the Elder, vii. 423.
Athenais, daughter of the philosopher Le-
ontius. See Eudocia.

Athens, the libraries in that city, why said
to have been spared by the Goths, i.
302. Naval strength of the republic of,
during its prosperity, ii. 51. note.

Is laid under contribution by Alaric
the Goth, iv. 32.

-, Review of the philosophical history
of, v. 103. The schools of, silenced by
the emperor Justinian, 107.

—, Revolutions of, after the crusades,
and its present state, vii. 419.
Athos, mount, beatific visions of the monks
of, vii. 441.

Atlantic Ocean,derivation of its name, i. 30.
Attacotti, a Caledonian tribe of cannibals,
account of, iii. 284.

Attalus, præfect of Rome, is chosen em-
peror by the senate, under the influence

of Alaric, iv. 119. Is publicly degra-
ded, 121. His future fortune, 148.
Attalus, a noble youth of Auvergne, his
adventures, iv. 458.

Attila, the Hun, iv. 234. Description of
his person and character, ib. His con-
quests, 237. His treatment of his cap-
tives, 245. Imposes terms of peace on
Theodosius the Younger, 249. Op-

ཁ

presses Theodosius by his ambassa-
dors. 251. Description of his royal re-
sidence, 256. His reception of the am-
bassadors of Theodosius, 258. His be-
haviour on discovering the scheme of
Theodosius to get him assassinated,
263. His haughty messages to the em-
perors of the East and West, 267. His
invasion of Gaul, 279. His oration to
his troops on the approach of Etius and
Theodoric, 285. Battle of Chalons,
286. His invasion of Italy, 290. His
retreat purchased by Valentinian, 296.
His death, 298.

Atys and Cybele, the fable of, allegorised
by the pen of Julian, iii. 125.
Avars, are discomfited by the Turks, v
207. Their embassy to the emperor
Justinian, 208. Their conquests in Po-
land and Germany, 209. Their em-
bassy to Justin II. 381. They join the
Lombards against the Gepidæ, 384.
Pride, policy, and power, of their cha-
gan Baian, 436. Their conquests, 439.
Invest Constantinople, 470.

Averroes, his religious infidelity, how far
justifiable, vi. 441. note.

Aversa, a town near Naples, built as a
settlement for the Normans, vii. 109.
Augur, Roman, their number and pecu-
liar office, iii. 450.

Augustine, his account of the miracles
wrought by the body of St. Stephen,
iii. 476. Celebrates the piety of the
Goths in the sacking of Rome, iv. 125.
Approves the persecution of the Do-
natists of Africa, 218. His death, cha-
racter, and writings, 221. History of
his relics, vii. 185. note.

Augustulus, son of the patrician Orestes,
is chosen emperor of the West, iv.360.
Is deposed by Odoacer, 361. His ba-
nishment to the Lucullan villa in Cam-
pania, 364.

Augustus, emperor, his moderate exercise
of power, i. 2. Is imitated by his suc-
cessors, 3. His naval regulations, 20.
His division of Gaul, 22. His situation
after the battle of Actium, 67. He re-
forms the senate, 68. Procures a se-
natorial grant of the Imperial dignity, -
69. Division of the provinces between
him and the senate, 72. Is allowed
his military command and guards in
the city of Rome, ib. Obtains the con-
sular and tribunitian offices for life, 73.
His character and policy, 80. Adopts
Tiberius, 83 Formed an accurate re-
gister of the revenues and expenses of
the empire, 178. Taxes instituted by
him, 180. His naval establishments
at Ravenna, iv. 51.

Augustus and Cesar, those titles explain.
ed and discriminated, i. 79.
Avienus, his character and embassy from
Valentinian III. to Attila king of the
Huns, iv. 296.

Avignon, the holy see how transferred
from Rome to that city, viii. 202. Re-
turn of pope Urban V. to Rome, 239.
Avitus, his embassy from Atius to Theo-
doric king of the Visigoths, iv. 282.
Assumes the empire, 314. His depo-
sition and death, 319.
Aurelian, emperor, his birth and services,
i. 328. His expedition against Pal-
myra, 343. His triumph, 349. His
cruelty, and death, 354, 355.
Aurengzebe,account of his immense camp,
i. 232. note.

Aureolus is invested with the purple on the
Upper Danube, i. 318.
Ausonius, the tutor of the emperor Gra-
tian, his promotions, iii. 387. note.
Autharis, king of the Lombards in Italy,
his wars with the Franks, v. 401. His
adventurous gallantry, 408.
Autun, the city of, stormed and plunder-
ed by the legions in Gaul, i. 359.
Auvergne, province and city of, in Gaul,
revolutions of, iv. 455.

Auxiliaries, Barbarian, fatal consequen-
ces of their admission into the Roman
armies, il. 265.

Axuch, a Turkish slave, his generous
friendship to the princess Anne Com-
nena, vi. 134. And to Manuel Com-
nenus, 135.

Azimuntium, the citizens of, defend their
privileges against Peter, brother of the
Eastern emperor Maurice, v. 441.
Azimus, remarkable spirit by the citi-
zens of, against Attila and his Huns,
iv. 250.

Baian, chagan of the Avars, his pride,
policy, and power, v. 436. His perfi-
dious seizure of Sirmium and Singidu-
num, 438. His conquests, 439. His
treacherous attempt to seize the em-
peror Heraclius, 459. Invests Constan-
tinople in conjunction with the Per-
sians, 470. Retires, 472.
Bajazet I. sultan of the Turks, his reign,
vii. 480. His correspondence with Ta-
merlane, viii. 11. Is defeated and cap-
tured by Tamerlane, 19. Inquiry into
the story of the iron cage, 20. His
sons, 31

Balbinus elected joint emperor with Ma-
ximus, by the senate, on the deaths of
the two Gord ans, i. 201.
Baldwin, count of Flanders, engages in
the fourth crusade, vii. 314. Is chosen
emperor of Constantinople, 350. Is
taken prisoner by Calo John, king of
the Bulgarians, 360. His death, 361.
Baldwin II emperor of Cons antinople,
vii. 368. His distresses and expedients,

370. His expulsion from that city, 577.
Baldwin, brother of Godfrey of Bouillon,

accompanies him on the first crusade,
vii. 211. Founds the principality of
Edessa, 232.

Baltic Sea, progressive subsidence of the
water of, i. 240. note. How the Ro-
mans acquired a knowledge of the na-
val powers of, iii. 277. note.
Baptism, theory and practice of, among
the primitive Christians, ii. 411.
Barbary, the name of that country,
whence derived, vi. 382. note The
Moors of, converted to the Mahome-
tan faith, 403.
Barbatio, general of the infantry in Gaul

under Julian, his misconduct, ii. 375.
Barchochebas, his rebellion against the
emperor Hadrian, ii. 141.
Barus, Celtic, their power of exciting a

martial enthusiasm in the people, i. 260.
Bards, British, their peculiar office and
duties, iv. 480.

Bari is taken from the Saracens by the

joint efforts of the Latin and Greek em.

pires, vii. 102.

Barlaam, a Calabrian monk, his dispute
with the Greek theologians about the
light of mount Thabor, vii. 442. His
embassy to Rome, from Andronicus
the younger, viii. 44. His literary
character, 79.

Basil I. the Macedonian, emperor of
Constantinople, vi. 108. Reduces the
Paul cians, vii. 58.

Basil II. emperor of Constantinople, vi.
121. His great wealth, vii. 14. His in-
human treatment of the Bulgarians, 73.

Basil, archbishop of Cæsarea, no evidence
of his having been persecuted by the
emperor Valens, iii. 264. Insults his
friend Gregory Nazianzen, under the
appearance of promotion, 399. The
father of the monks of Pontus, iv. 375.
Basiliscus, brother of the empress Verina
is entrusted with the command of the
armament sent against the Vandals in
Africa, iv. 344. His fleet destroyed
by Genseric, 345. His promotion to
the empire, and death, v. 4.
Bassianus, high priest of the sun, his pa-
rentage, i. 159. Is proclaimed empe-
ror at Emesa, ibid. See Elagabalus.
Bassianus, brother-in-law to Constantine
revolts against him, ii. 42.

Bassora, its foundation and situation, vi.
319.

Baths, public, of Rome described, iv. 103.
Batna, reception of the emperor Julian
there, iii. 183.

Beasts, wild, the variety of, 'introduced
in the circus, for the public games at
Rome, i. 387.

Beausobre, M. de, character of his His-
toire Critique du Manicheisme, vi. 2. note.
Beber, battle of, between Mahomet and
the Koreish of Mecca, vi. 273.
Bedoweens of Arabia, their mode of life,
vi. 223.

Bees, remarks on the structure of their
combs and cells, vi. 435. note.
Belisarius, his birth and military promo-
tion, v. 116. Is appointed by Justinian
to conduct the African war, 118. Em-
barkation of his troops, 121.

Lands
in Africa, 123. Defeats Gelimer, 126.
Is received into Carthage, 127. Se-
cond defeat of Gelimer, 132. Reduc-
tion of Africa, 134. Surrender of Ge-
limer, 139. His triumphant return to
Constantinople, 140. Is declared sole
consul, 141. He menaces the Ostro.
goths of Italy, 147. He seizes Sicily,
151. Invades Italy, 156. Takes Na-
ples, 158. He enters Rome, 161. He
is besieged in Rome by the Goths, ibid.
The siege raised, 176. Causes Con-
stantine, one of his generals, to be kil-
led, 177. Siege of Ravenna, 181.
Takes Ravenna by stratagem, 184.
Returns to Constantinople, 185. His
character and behaviour, 186. Scan-
dalous life of his wife Antonina, 187.
His disgrace and submission, 192. Is
sent into the East to oppose Chosroes
king of Persia, 225. His politic re-
ception of the Persian ambassadors,
227. His second campaign in Italy,
257. His ineffectual attempt to raise
the siege of Rome, 260. Dissuades

Totila from destroying Rome, 263.
Recovers the city, 264 His final re-
cal from Italy, 266. Rescues Constan-
tinople from the Bulgarians, 288. His
disgrace and death, 289.

Benefice, in feudal language, explained,
iv. 452.

Benevento, battle of, between Charles of
Anjou, and Mainfroy the Sicilian usur-
per, vii. 410.
Beneventum, anecdotes relating to the
siege of, vii. 105.

Benjamin of Tudela, his account of the
riches of Constantinople, vii. 13.
Berea, of Aleppo, reception of the em-
peror Julian there, iii. 183.
Bernard, St. his character and influence

in promoting the second crusade, vii.
266. His character of the Romans,
viii. 177.

Berytus, account of the law school esta-
blished there, ii. 255. Is destroyed by
an earthquake, v. 297.

Bernier, his account of the camp of Au-
rengzebe, i. 232. note.

Bessarion, cardinal, his character, viii. 85.
Bessas, governor of Rome for Justinian,
his rapacity during the siege of that city
by Totila the Goth, v. 259. Occasions
the loss of Rome, 261.
Bezabde, is taken and garrisoned by Sa-
por king of Persia, ii. 366. Is inef-

fec.ually besieged by Constantius, 367.
Bindoes, a Sassanian prince, deposes Hor-
mouz king of Persia, v. 429.
Birthright, the least invidious of all hu
man distinctions, i. 188.
Bishops, among the primitive Christians,
the office of, explained, ii. 103. Pro-
gress of episcopal authority, 105. As-
sumed dignity of episcopal govern-
ment, 117.

--, Number of, at the time of Con-
stantine the Great, ii. 419. Mode of
their election, 420. Their power of
ordination, 422. The ecclesiastical re-
venue of each diocese how divided, 426.
Their civil jurisdiction, 427. Their
spiritual censures, 429. Their legis-
lative assemblies, 433.

Bishops, rural, their rank and duties, ii.
420.

Bissextile, superstitious regard for this
year by the Romans, iii. 242.
Bithynia, the cities of, plundered by the
Goths, i. 296.

Blemyes, their revolt against the emperor
Diocletian, i. 409.

Boccace, his literary character, viii. 81.
Boethius, the learned senator of Rome,
his history, v. 31. His imprisonment
and death, 35.