Papirius, Caius, reasons for concluding
that he could not be the author of the
Jus Papirianum, v. 305. note.
Papists, proportion their number bore to
that of the Protestants in England, at
the beginning of the last century, ii.
398. note.

Para, king of Armenia, his history, iii.
297. Is treacherously killed by the
Romans, 298.

Parabolani of Alexandria, account of, vi.
14. note.

Paradise, Mahomet's, described, vi.
261.

Paris, description of that city, under the
government of Julian, ii. 384. Situa-
tion of his palace, iii. 83. note.
Parthia, subdued by Artaxerxes king of
Persia, i. 229. Its constitution of go-
vernment similar to the feudal system
of Europe, ibid. Recapitulation of the
war with Rome, 230.

Paschal II. pope, his troublesome ponti-
ficate, viii. 175.

Pastoral manners, much better adapted
to the fierceness of war, than to peace-
ful innocence, iii. 315.

Paternal authority, extent of, by the Ro-
man laws, v. 336. Successive limita-
tions of, 338.

Patras, extraordinary deliverance of,
from the Sclavonians and Saracens,
vii. 8.

Patricians, the order of, under the Rom-

an republic, and under the emperors,
compared, ii. 245. Under the Greek
empire, their rank explained, vi.
178.

Patrick, the tutelar Saint of Ireland, deri-

vation of his name, iv. 364. note.
Pavia, massacre of the friends of Stilicho
there, by the instigations of Olympius,
iv. 74 Is taken by Alboin king of the
Lombards, who fixes his residence
there, v. 390.

Paul of Samosata, bishop of Antioch,
his character and history, ii. 188.
Paul, archbishop of Constantinople, his
fatal contest with his competitor Ma-
cedonius, iii. 64.

Paula, a Roman widow, her illustrious
descent, iv. 86. Was owner of the city
of Nicopolis, 90. Her monastic zeal,
377.

Paulicians, origin and character of, vii.
50. Are persecuted by the Greek em-
perors, 55. They revolt, 56. They are
reduced, and transplanted to Thrace,
59. Their present state, 61.

VOL. VIII.

Paulina, wife of the tyrant Maximin,
softens his ferocity by gentle counsels,
i. 193. note.

Paulinus, master of the offices to Theo-
dosius the Younger, his crime, and
execution, iv. 202.

Paulinus, bishop of Nola, his history,
133.

Paulinus, patriarch of Aquileia, fl

from the Lombards with his treasu
into the island of Grado, v. 390.
Pegasians, the party of, among the Ro-
man civilians, explained, v. 324.
Pekin, the city of, taken by Zingis the
Mogul emperor, vii. 455.

Pelagian controversy agitated by the La-
tin clergy, iv. 64. And in Britain,
163.

Pella, the church of the Nazarenes set-
tled there on the destruction of Jerusa
lem, ii. 66.

Peloponnesus, state of, under the Creek
empire, vii. 8. Manufactures, 10.
Penal laws of Rome, the abolition and
revival of, v. 366.

Pendragon, his office and power in Bri-
tain, iv. 163.

Penitentials, of the Greek and Latin

churches, history of, vii. 202.
Pepin, king of France, assists the pope of

Rome against the Lombards, vi. 174.
Receives the title of king by papal
sanction, 178. Grants the exarchate
to the pope, 180.

Pepin, John, count of Minorbino, reduces
the tribune Rienzi, and restores aristo-
cracy and church government atRome,
viii. 232.

Pepper, its high estimation and price at
Rome, iv. 112. note.

Perennis, minister of the emperor Com.
modus, his great exaltation and down.
fall, i. 99.

Perisabor, a city of Assyria, reduced and
burned by the emperor Julian, iii,

Every other mode of worship prohibi-
ted but that of Zoroaster, 228 Extent
and population of the country, 230.
Its military power, 237. Account of
the audience given by the emperor
Carus to the ambassadors of Varanes,
382. The throne of, disputed by the
brothers Narses and Hormuz, 415.
Galerius defeated by the Persians,
416. Narses overthrown in his turn

by Galerius, 418. Articles of peace
agreed on between the Persians and
the Romans, 422.
Persia, war between Sapor king of, and
the emperor Constantius, ii. 516. Bat-
tle of Singara, 317. Sapor invades
Mesopotamia, 362. The Persian ter-
ritories invaded by the emperor Julian,
iii. 188. Passage of the Tigris, 202.
Julian harassed in his retreat, 211.
Treaty of peace between Sapor and
the emperor Jovian, 222. Reduction
of Armenia, and death of Sapor, 294.
296.

The silk trade, how carried on
from China through Persia, for the
supply of the Roman empire, v. 67.
Death of Perozes, in an expedition
against the white Huns, 98. Review
of the reigns of Cabades, and his son
Chosroes, 213. Anarchy of, after the
death of Chosroes II. 478. Ecclesias-
tical history of, vi. 54.

-, Invasion of, by the caliph Abube-
ker, vi. 316 Battle of Cadesia, 317.
Sack of Ctesiphon, 319. Conquest of,
by the Saracens, 322. The Magian
religion supplanted by Mahometism,
402. The power of the Arabs crush-
ed by the dynasty of the Bowides,
462. Persia subdued by the Turks, vii.
164.

-, Conquest of, by the Moguls, vii.
460. By Tamerlane, viii 5.
Pertinax, his character, and exaltation

to the Imperial throne, i. 109. His
funeral and apotheosis, 130.
Pescennius Niger, governor of Syria, as-
sumes the Imperial dignity on the
death of Pertinax, i. 124.
Petavius, character of his Dogmata Theo-
logica, vi. 2. note.
Peter, brother of the Eastern emperor
Maurice, his injurious treatment of
the citizens of Azimuntium, and flight
from thence, v. 441.

Peter I. czar of Russia, his conduct to-
ward his son, constrasted with that of
Constantine the Great, ii. 297.

Peter of Arragon, assumes the kingdom
of Sicily, vii. 414.

Peter, Bartholemy, his miraculous disco-
very of the Holy Lance, vii. 238. His
strange death, 240.

Peter of Courtenay, emperor of Constan-
tinople, vii. 365.

Peter the Hermit, his character and
scheme to recover the Holy Land from
the infidels, vii. 192. Leads the first
crusaders 207. Failure of his zeal, 238.
Petra, the city of, taken by the Persians,
v. 236. Is besieged by the Romans,
237. Is demolished, 238.

Petrarch, his studies and literary cha-
racter, viii. 79. And history, 212.
His account of the ruin of the ancient
buildings of Rome, 273.

Pfeffel, character of his history of Ger-
many, vi. 217. note.

Phalanx, Grecian, compared with the
Roman legion, i. 15.
Pharamond, the actions, and foundation
of the French monarchy by him, of
doubtful authority, iv. 157.
Pharas commands the Heruli, in the
African war, under Belisarius, v. 119.
Pursues Gelimer, 136. His letter to
Gelimer, 137.

Pharisees, account of that sect among
the Jews, ii. 80.

Phasis, river, its course described, v. 228.
Pheasant, derivation of the name of that
bird, v. 229.

Philelphus, Francis, his character of the

Greek language of Constantinople,

viii. 75.

Phocas, a centurion, is chosen emperor
by the disaffected troops of the Eastern
empire, v. 444. Murders the emperor
Maurice, and his children, 447. His
character, 448. His fall, and death,
450.

Phanicia described, i. 28.

Photius, the son of Antonina, distin-
guishes himself at the siege of Naples,
v. 187. Is exiled, 189. Betrays his
mother's vices to Belisarius, 190.
Turns monk, 192.

Photius, the patrician, kills himself to es-
cape the persecution of Justinian, vi.

42.

Photius, patriarch of Constantinople, cha-
racter of his Library, vii. 44. His quar-
rel with the pope of Rome, 303.
Phranza, George, the Greek historian,
some account of, viii. 58. note. His
embassies, 116. His fate on the tak-
ing of Constantinople by the Turks,
154.

Picardy, derivation of the name of that

province, vii. 192. note.
Pilate, Pontius, his testimony in favour of
Jesus Christ, much improved by the
primitive fathers, ii. 182.

Pilpay's fables, history and character of,
v. 219.

Pinna marina, a kind of silk manufac-
tured from the threads spun by this
fish, by the Romans, v. 66.

Pipa, a princess of the Marcomanni, es-
poused by the emperor Gallienus, i.

292.

Piso, Calphurnius, one of the competitors
against Gallienus, his illustrious family
and character, i. 311.

Pityus, the city of, destroyed by the Goths,
i. 294.

Placidia, daughter of Theodosius the
Great, her history and marriage with
Adolphus king of the Goths, iv. 138.
Is injuriously treated by the usurper
Singeric, after the death of her hus-
band, 154. Her marriage with Con-
stantius, and retreat to Constantinople,
208. Her administration in the West,
as guardian of her son the emperor
Valentinian III. 212. History of her
daughter Honoria, 277. Her death
and burial, 301. note.
Plague, origin and nature of this disease,

v. 298. Great extent, and long dura-
tion of that in the reign of Justinian,
300.
Plato, his theological sys em, iii. 7. Is
received by the Alexai drian Jews, 8.

Platonists, new, an account of, i. 443.
Unite with the heathen priests to op.
pose the Christians, ii. 194.
Plautianus, prætorian præfect under the
emperor Severus, his history, i. 140.
Plebeians of Rome, state and character
of, iv. 100.

Pliny the Younger, examination of his
conduct towards the Christians, ii.
163.

Poet laureat, a ridiculous appointment,
viii. 213. note.

Poggius, his reflections on the ruin of an-

cient Rome, viii. 259.

Poitiers, battle of, between Clovis king of
the Franks, and Alaric king of the
Goths, iv. 438.

Pollentia, battle of, between Stilicho the
Roman general, and Alaric the Goth,
iv. 44.

Polytheism of the Romans, its origin and
effects, i. 32. How accounted for by
the primitive Christians, ii. 73. Scep-
ticism of the people at the time of the
publication of Christianity, 119. The
Christians, why more odious to the
Pagans than the Jews, 142.

The ruin of, suspended by the
divisions among Christians, iii. 75.
Theological system of the emperor
Julian, 126.

-, Review of the Pagan ecclesias-

tical establishment, iii. 450. Revival
of, by the Christian monks, 477.
Pompeianus, præfect of Rome, proposes
to drive Alaric from the wails by spells,
iv. 110.

Pompeianus, Ruricius, general under
Maxentius defeated, and killed by

Constantine the Great, ii. 30.
Pompey, his discretional exercise of
power during his command in the
East, i. 70. Increase of the tributes of
Asia by his conquests, 178.
Pontiffs, Pagan, their jurisdiction, iii.

450.

Pontifex Maximus, in Pagan Rome, by
whom that office was exercised, ii.
417.

Popes of Rome, the growth of their
power, vi. 163. Revolt of, from the
Greek emperors, 167. Origin of their
temporal dominion, 179. Publication
of the Decretals, and of the fictitious

donation of Constantine the Great,
182. Authority of the German empe-
rors in their election, 205. Violent dis-
tractions in their election, 207.
Popes, Foundation of their authority at
Rome, vii. 170. Their mode of elec-
tion settled, 196. Schism in the papa-
cy, 241. They acquire the absolute
dominion of Rome 254. The ecclesi-
astical government, 256.

Population of Rome, a computation of,
iv. 105.

Porcaro, Stephen, his conspiracy at Rome,
viii. 251.

Posthumus, the Roman general under the
emporor Gallienus, defends Gaul a-
gainst the incursions of the Franks, i.
288. Is killed by his mutinous troops,
ii. 31.

Power, absolute, the exercise of, how
checked, vii. 28.

Præfect of the sacred bed-chamber, under
Constantine the Great, his office, ii.
266.

Præfects of Rome and Constantinople,
under the emperors, the nature of
their offices, ii. 250. The office reviv-
ed at Rome, viii. 135.
Prætextatus, præfect of Rome under Va-
lentinian, his character, iii 268.
Prætorian bands, in the Roman army, an
account of, i. 117. They sell the em-
pire of Rome by public auction, 119.
Are disgraced by the emperor Seve-
rus, 129.
A new establishment of
them, 159. Authority of the prætorian
præfect, ibid. Are reduced, their pri-
vileges abolished, and their place sup-
plied, by the Jovians and Herculeans,
428. Their desperate courage under
Maxentius, ii. 33. Are totally sup.
pressed by Constantine the Great,
36.

Prætorian præfect, revolutions of this of-
fice under the emperors, ii. 247. Their
functions when it became a civil office,
249.

Prætors of Rome, the nature and tenden-
cy of their edicts explained, v. 311.
Preaching, a form of devotion unknown
in the temples of Paganism, ii. 431.
Use and abuse of, 432.
Predestination, influence of the doctrine
of, on the Saracens and Turks, vi.
271.

Presbyters, among the primitive Chris-
tians, the office explained, ii. 103.
Prester Joha, origin of the romantic
stories concerning, vi. 57,

Priests, no distinct order of men among
the ancient Pagans, ii. 118. 417.
Priestly, Dr. the ultimate tendency of his
opinions, pointed out, vii. 67. note.
Primogeniture, the prerogative of, un-
known to the Roman law, v. 353.
Prince of the waters, in Persia, his office,
v. 217. note.

Priscillian, bishop of Avila in Spain, is,
with his followers, put to death for he-
resy, iii. 409.

Priscus, the historian, his conversation
with a captive Greek, in the camp of
Attila, iv. 247. His character, 253.

note.

Priscus, the Greek general, his successes
against the Avars, v. 442.

Proba, widow of the præfect Petronius,
her flight from the sack of Rome by
Alaric, iv. 130.

Probus assumes the Imperial dignity in
opposition to Florianus, i. 365. His
character and history, 366.

Probus, prætorian præfect of Illyricum,
preserves Sirmium from the Quadi,
iii. 307.

Probus, Sicorius, his embassy from the
emperor Diocletian to Narses king of
Persia, i. 421.

Procida, John of, instigates the revolt of
Sicily from John of Anjou, vii. 414.
Proclus, story of his extraordinary brazen
mirror, v. 82.

Proclus, the Platonic philosopher of
Athens, his superstition, v. 107.
Proconsuls of Asia, Achaia, and Africa,
their office, ii. 252.
Procopia, wife of the Greek emperor
Michael I. her martial inclinations,
vi. 100.

Procopius, his history and revolt against
Valens emperor of the East, iii. 245.
Is reduced, and put to death, 250. His
account of the testament of the empe-
ror Arcadius, iv. 193. His account of
Britain, 482. Character of his histo-
ries, v. 44. Accepts the office of secre.
tary under Belisarius, 117. His de-
fence of the Roman archers, 119. His
account of the desolation of the Afri-
can province by war, 252.
Proculians, origin of the sect of, in the
Roman civil law, v. 322.

Proculus, his extraordinary character, and
his rebellion against Probus in Gaul, i.
377.
Prodigies in ancient history, a philosophi-
cal resolution of, ii. 405.
Promises, under what circumstances the