NEW YORK, city and co. of New York, Historical Society with its library, the Ame situated on Manhattan island, between Hud-rican Academy of Fine Arts with its paintson river, East river, New York bay, and ings, and the New York Lyceum of Natural Haerlem river. Lat. 40° 42' N. and Lon. 74° History with its collections. The state W. from London, and 3° E. from W. C., 150 prison, in the eastern part of the city, is 204 m. below Albany, 90 NE. from Philadelphia, feet in length, by 200 in depth, and built of and 210 SW. from Boston. Manhattan free-stone. The Alms House is still further island, which forms the county of N. York, east. It is an inclosure, containing the is about 12 m. long, and has an average work-house and penitentiary. The dimenwidth of 14 m., containing about 18 sq. ms. sions of the first are 320 by 50 feet, the next The city of New York is the grand com- 200 by 25, and the third 250 by 50. There mercial emporium of the United States. The are 4 theatres. The Park theatre and the harbor is deep, safe, and not subject to be Bowery theatre are conspicuous buildings. frozen, and so spacious as to accommodate St. Paul's church, containing the monument any number of vessels of any size. The shipping belonging to this port exceeds 350,000 tons. In its exterior, New York has a more imposing appearance than any other city in the U. States. Its principal street, Broadway, which nearly bisects the city, is 80 feet wide, and more than 3 m. in length, and generally built up with noble and elegant buildings. The Battery is a place of great public resort in the southern part of the island. Castle Garden is also much frequented, and Niblo's in Broadway. These are the only two public gardens of note in the city. The Park is a beautiful common, finely shaded with trees, and contains 6 acres of ground. In this square stands the City Hall, a superb and massive structure of white marble, 216 ft. in length by 105 in breadth. It contains the Police Office, the Municipal Court rooms, and the Common Council chamber, ornamented with portraits of distinguished revolutionary heroes. and remains of Gen. Montgomery, and Trinity church, (which is now building,) are spacious Episcopalian churches, both in conspicuous points on Broadway. St. John's church in Hudson Square, one of the finest in the city, has the tallest spire in N. York. The Medical College is a large and conspicuous edifice. The establishment is amply endowed, and generally contains from 2 to 300 medical students. The following are all spacious public buildings: The Astor, City, and Holt's Hotels, St. Patrick's Cathe dral, and several other churches, Columbia College, the new Custom House and new Exchange, the Arcade, and the Arcade Baths, the New York Baths, the Public Marine Bath, the Manhattan Water Works, the Exhibition Room of the National Academy of the Arts of Design, Masonic Hall, Orphan Asylum, Fever Hospital, House of Refuge for juvenile delinquents, Lunatic Asylum, the Mansion House, the National The New York Institution is of brick, 260 Hotel, the Franklin House, Tammany Hall feet by 44, and is appropriated to associa- and many other spacious hotels. The city tions of literature and the fine arts, such as has 10 market-houses, 18 or 20 banks, bethe Literary and Philosophical Society, the Itween 20 and 30 insurance offices, over 100 450 NEW houses of public worship, of which those of | States, built of Sing Sing marble; it is on The Astor Hotel is the largest in the U. States, and perhaps in the world, built by John Jacob Astor, opened May 31st, 1836. It is built of Quincy granite, 5 stories high, fronts 201 feet on Broadway, opposite the Park, 154 on Barclay street, and 146 on Vesey street. It is 77 feet high, and conThe basement tains about 400 rooms. story is divided into stores. The new Custom House and New Exchange in Wall street are splendid edifices of marble, well adapted to the great commercial and financial business of the city. Columbia College was founded in 1754; it has a president, five professors, and the number of students ranges from 120 to 150. The libraries contain 14,000 volumes. Commencement is on the first Tuesday in August; vacation from commencement to the first Monday in October. The course of instruction now existing, is to be maintainAned and denominated the full course. other course is established, called the literary and scientific course; the whole, or any part of which, matriculated students may attend. Those in the scientific and literary course study the modern languages, instead of the Latin and Greek. In other studies, the two courses are similar, except that the literary and scientific has some additional studies. Persons not matriculated, may atMatend the literary and scientific course. triculated students, who may pass through the new course, receive testimonials of the same. The fees in the new course do not exceed $15 per annum for each professor. Enlarged instruction is given in Greek and Roman literature. The two courses may be united at the lectures. Various public bodies in New York are entitled to have two students always in the college, free of all charges of tuition; every school from which, in any one year, 4 students shall be admitted into college, is to have the privilege of sending one free of expense; every religious denomination in the city may educate one who is designed for the ministry, free of expense. The above course embraces lyceum, high school, and college instruction. The University of the City of New York was incorporated in 1831, authorized to hold estates not exceeding an annual income of $20,000; and subject to the visitation of the regents of the State University. It is managed by a council composed of 32 shareholders, the Mayor and 4 members of the Common Council of the city for the time being. The building which it has erected is one of the most splendid in the United Those who pursue particular branches pay 20 dollars per annum for each branch. The number of students ranges from 270 to 350. The annual commencement is on the 3d Wednesday of July, from which time there is a vacation till the first Monday of October; besides this there is a vacation of two weeks from the 25th of December. The College of Physicians and Surgeons was founded in the year 1807 by an act of the legislature of New York, at the recommendation of the Regents of the State University, by whose immediate government it is controlled. Lectures commence on the first Monday of November annually, and continue four months. Degrees conferred by the regents of the University at the recommendation of the board of trustees. The college building is situated in Barclay street, New York. The whole expense of all the courses is $100. The During the night of the 16th of December, 1835, New York was visited by the most extensive conflagration ever witnessed on this continent. The fire broke out in Merchant street, in the triangular block formed by Wall, William and Pearl streets, about nine o'clock in the evening. A strong north-west wind caused the flame quickly to spread, while the intense cold weather frustrated in a great degree the efforts of the firemen and citizens to subdue its power. It continued to rage until 674 buildings were consumed. The total loss was estimated at twelve millions and a half. New York Exchange, a beautiful white marble building, adorned with columns, and a noble statue of Hamilton, was involved in the general ruin. The fire was at length retarded by blowing up with powder the nearest buildings on all sides, which it threatened to invade. Thus deprived of the means of spreading, the flame fed upon the immense property already in its grasp. Heavy as was this blow upon the wealth and enterprise of the city, the whole space is now rebuilt, and presents even a greater appearance of business activity than formerly. The literary and scientific institutions, and those connected with the arts, are Columbia College, The University of the City of New York, Mechanics' School, which commonly has about 250 pupils of each set, numerous select schools, and about 40 distinguished seminaries for females. Besides which, the common school system affords the means of instruction to all classes of persons. The New York Historical Society, New York Society Library, New York Athenæum, Lyceum of Natural History, The American Lyceum, New York City Lyceum, rio. Its general course from lake Erie to New York Literary and Philosophical Socie-lake Ontario is N. For the first 2 miles its ty, Apprentices' Library, Mercantile Libra-current is rapil-it then becomes smooth ry Association, New York Law Institute, and gentle, with a width varying from half American Aca lemy of Fine Arts, National a mile to a mile and a half, and flows 7 m. Academy of Design, Clinton Hall Association, General Society of Mechanics and Tradesmen, Mechanics' Institute, American Institute, and the Institution for the Blind; besides which there are many other associations of less note. Public Journals.-There are 12 or 15 daily papers, semi-weekly 10, tri-weekly 3, weekly 30, semi-monthly 3, monthly 20, quarterly 2; making a total of about 100. Besides the places of public amusement in the city, there are in the vicinity several places of great resort in the summer months. The following are within a half hour rile by steam-boats: Staten Island, Jersey City, Weehawken, and Hoboken. At the last, on the Hudson river, opposite New York, the grounds are liberally opened to the public, and laid out with great taste. The city of New York has suffered much from want of an abundant supply of pure and wholesome water, but this is about to be remelie by the introduction of the Croton river, Westchester county, 41 miles distant. It is brought through a stone aqueduct, inclining 15 inches to the mile, to Murray's Hill, 3 miles north of the city, 114 feet 10 inches above tide, being 7 or 8 feet higher than the highest roofs. From thence it is conducted through the eity by iron pipes; those in Broadway are 2 feet in diameter. The minimum quantity of water is estimated at 30 millions of gallons daily, and the ordinary quantity 50. The water is to be let into the pipes the present season, 1842. to Grand Isle, where it divides into two large branches, which unite again at the foot of this island (which is 18 m. long) three miles above the Great Falls. Its width here is upwards of a mile; but now its breadth gradually diminishing as its velocity increases, it becomes reduced to of a mile in width, when its waters are poured down a precipice of 160 feet perpendicular, accompanied with a tremendous roar, which is heard at the distance of 15 miles. There is a small island in the river, just above the b ink of the falls, which divides the stream into two parts, but they unite long before they reach the bed of the river below. This river, which is the boundary line between N. Y. and Upper Canada, is 35 m. in length. This stupendous cataract is justly regarded as one of the most sublime and imposing spectacles exhibited in nature. It may well be supposed that so magnificent a spectacle should attract thousands of visitors. It has become a place of great fashionable resort; and during the summer months, it is thronged with visitors from every quarter of the civilized world. It may appear singular, yet it is affirmed to be true, that some persons have lived and grown old within hearing of the roar of these falls without ever having seen them, while many have made journeys of thousands of miles for the purpose, and thought themselves richly rewarded for their curiosity. NIAGARA, co. N. Y., bounded N. by lake Ontario, E. by Orleans, Genesee co., S. by Tonnewanta creek, which separates it from Erie co. and W. by Niagara river. Pop. 31,132. Chief town, Lockport. The government of the city of New York is composed of a mayor, 16 aldermen, and 16 assistants. This city has been constantly NIAGARA, ts. and v. Niagara co. N. Y., and rapidly increasing for the last 30 or 40 on the Niagara river, on a high ridge. The years. It more than doubled its population village is situated opposite the Great Falls, 20 within the last 20 years. Packets sail from m. from Lockport, and 20 from Buffalo city, New York to Liverpool and London every 7 m. from ship navigation at Lewistown. week; to Havre every 10 days, and to Hull, The facilities for manufacturing establishGreenwich, Belfast, Vera Cruz, Carthagena, ments at this place are very great. There and all the chief ports of the United States are now two spacious canals for mill purpos at different times. It is the second commer-es, which may be extended as occasion may cial city in the world, as the amount of shipping owned here is equal to more than half that of London. Pop. in 1790, 33,131; in 1800, 60,489; in 1810, 96,373; in 1820, 123,706; in 1830, 203,007; and in 1840, 312,710. NEW YORK, t. Clinton co. Iowa, on the Mississippi river. NEW YORK, v. Albemarle co. Va., 23 m. W. from Charlotte, 100 m. from Richmond, and 143 from W. C. NEW YORK, v. Montgomery co. Ten., 60 m. from Richmond, and 760 from W. C. NIAGARA, r. in North America, which carries the surplus waters of lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, and Erie, into lake Onta require. The village contains 2 churches, an academy, several mills, and about 100 houses. Pop. of ts. 1,277. NICETOWN, v. Philadelphia co. Pa., on the Germantown road, 4 m. from Philadelphia. NICHOLAS C. H. or SUMERVILLE, t. and cap. Nicholas co. Va., 286 m. NW. from Richmond, and 310 W. from Washington. NICHOLAS, co. of Western Va., formed in 1818, of a part of Greenbrier co. Pop. 2,515, of whom 72 were slaves. Seat of justice, Nicholas. NICHOLAS, co. Ken., bounded N. by Bracken and Sharon, E. by Fleming and Bath, S. by Bourbon, and W. by Harrison cos. Pop. 8,745, of whom 1,253 were slaves. Chief town, Carlisle. NICHOLAS POINT, v. Huron ts. Wayne co. N. Y., on Sodus bay. NICHOLSBURG, v. Indiana co. Pa., 18 m. NW. from the borough of Indiana. NICHOLSVILLE, v. Montgomery co. N. Y., on the East Canada creek, 23 m. NW. from Johnstown. NICHOLVILLE, v. St. Lawrence co. N. Y., 2 m. E. from Hopkinton village. NICHOLASVILLE, t. and cap. Jessamine co. Ken., 20 m. SW. from Lexington, 546 from W. C., and 37 from Frankfort. Pop. 632. NICOLET, r. L. C., rises in Buckingham co. by two sources, which flow NW. between Becançour and St. Francis rivers, unite about 60 m. and fall into the lower end of lake St. Peter, 10 miles above Three Rivers. NILES, v. Berrien co. Mich., on St. Joseph river, 175 m. SW. by W. from Detroit. It contains several stores, various mechanics, and is a pleasant and flourishing place, and being at the head of steam-boat navigation, will doubtless become a place of great importance. Pop. about 1,000. NILES, v. Portage co. O., 20 m. from Ravenna. NIMISHILLEN CREEK, considerable stream, rising in the northern part of Stark co. Ohio, and running from thence in a S. direction, above 40 m. into the NE. quarter of Tuscarawas co. where it unites with Sandy creek, when the joint stream flows W. 5 m. into the E. side of Tuscarawas river. NINE BRIDGES, v. Queen Anne's co. Md., contains some 15 or 20 houses. NINE MILE PRAIRIE, Perry co. Il., 10 m. E. from Pinckneyville, and has a postoffice of the same name. NINEVEH, v. Frederick co. Va., 145 m. from Richmond, and 80 from W. C. NINEVEH, v. Broome co. N. Y., on the line of the Hudson and Erie rail-road, 19 m. ENE. from Binghampton, has 25 or 30 dwellings. NIPEGON LAKE, U. C., lies to the northward of lake Superior, about half-way between it and Albany river, James' bay. NIPISSING LAKE, lies NE. of lake Huron, and is connected with it by the river François. NITTANY, mt. Pa., which commences in Centre co. and extends between Lycoming and Northumberland cos., almost to the W. branch of the Susquehannah. NIXON'S, v. Maury co. Ten., 50 m. SE. from Murfreesborough. NIXONTON, v. Pasquotank co. N. C., on Little river, 28 m. ENE. from Edenton. NOBLE, co. NE. part of Indiana, bounded N. by Lagrange, E. by De Kalb, S. by Allen and Whitely, and W. by Kosciusko and Elkhart. Watered chiefly by Elkhart r., Turkey creek, and the head branches of Eel river. Pop. 2,702. Sparta is the seat of justice. Alleghany co. Pa., NOBLESBORO', v. 10 m. SW. from Pittsburg. NOBLEBOROUGH, ts. Lincoln co. Me., situated on Damariscotta r. It is a place of considerable trade, carries on an extensive business in ship-building, and has a large number of vessels employed in the coasting trade. Pop. 2,210. NOBLESVILLE, v. Hamilton co. In., 25 m. N. from Indianapolis, and 580 from W. C. NOBLEVILLE, v. Otsego co. N. Y., 18 m. SW. from Cooperstown, has 15 or 20 dwellings. NODDLE'S ISLAND, isl. Mass., in Boston harbor, three-fourths of a mile from Long Wharf, Boston. A strong fortress, called Fort Strong, is built on this island. NOLACHUCKY, r. Ten. and N. C., rises in the northern part of Buncombe co. of the latter, and flowing W. enters Carter co. in the former, and crossing Carter, Washington, and Green, joins the French Broad r. 40 m. above its junction with the Holston at Knoxville. NOLENSVILLE, v. Williamson co. Ten., 16 m. E. of S. from Nashville. NOLIN'S CREEK, r. Hardin co. Ken., which runs WSW. into Green r. NONAME, v. Green co. In., 88 m. from Indianapolis, and 660 from W. C. NORFOLK, co. Mass., bounded NW. and W. by Middlesex co. E. by Boston harbor, S. by Plymouth and Bristol cos. and W. by Rhode Island and Worcester co. It has 46 cotton factories, 15 woollen factories, 33 slitting-mills and nail machines, 16 iron-works, and a glass factory. Pop. 53,140. Chief town, Dedham. NORFOLK, ts. Litchfield co. Ct., 18 m. N. from Litchfield, 35 WNW. from Hartford, 42 ESE. from Hudson. It contains various mills and manufacturing establishments, among which are 2 forges, 2 woollen manufactories, and a scythe factory. Pop. 1,393. NORFOLK, co. SE. part of Va., bounded N. by Hampton Road and Chesapeake bay, E. by Princess Anne co. S. by North Carolina, and W. by Nansemond co. Population, 27,569, of whom 9,735 were slaves, and 239 free colored. Chief towns, Norfolk and Portsmouth. NORFOLK, bor. and port of entry, Norfolk co. Va., on NE. bank of Elizabeth r., 8 m. above its entrance into Hampton Road, and 32 from the sea, 110 m. by water below City Point, and 112 ESE. from Richmond. Lon. 76° 42′ W. Lat. 37° 12' N. The Farmers' Bank, the orphan asylum, and the Lancasterian school, are among the most conspicuous buildings. The position of the town is not pleasant, being low, and in some places marshy; but it affords agreeable society, and the citizens are distinguished for their hospitality. It has a spacious and commodious harbor, strongly defended by 3 forts. It has more maritime commerce and shipping than any other town in the state. NOR The handsome marine hospital is on Wash- | ticut river, opposite Hadley, with which it is 453 ington Point, one mile distant, and a short connected by a bridge, 1,060 feet long; 18 distance up the river is a large U. S. navy-m. N. from Springfield, 21 S. from Greenyard. It contains a court-house, a jail, a market-house, a theatre, 2 insurance-offices, 3 banks, an academy, an orphan asylum, an athenæum containing about 1,000 volumes, and houses of public worship, 1 for Episeopalians, 1 for Presbyterians, 2 for Baptists, 1 for Roman Catholics, and 1 for Methodists. Pop. 10,920. NORFOLK, co. U. C., is bounded on the N. and E. by the co. of Lincoln and the r. Thames, on the S. by lake Erie. NORFOLK, t. and v. St. Lawrence co. N. Y.,251 m. NNW. from Albany, and 26 E. from Ogdensburg. The village is at the head of boat navigation on the Racket river, 25 m. from the St. Lawrence. The river here falls 50 feet within a mile, which affords excellent sites for mills; contains several mills, 2 furnaces, and 30 or 40 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 1,728. NORMAN'S KILL, or Creek, r. Albany co. N. Y., which falls into the Hudson, 21 m. S. of Albany. field, 40 E. from Pittsfield, 42 N. from Hartford, 95 W. from Boston. The compact part of the town is delightfully situated, and contains a very elegant brick court-house, a stone jail and several houses of public worship. It is 376 m. from W. C. It has manufactures of woollen and silk goods, boots, other articles; total annual value, about shoes, paper, brooms, iron, and numerous $350,000. N. Y. The village is 42 m. from Albany, bounded N. by Monroe co. E. by the Dela- NORTHAMPTON, co. E. side of Va., NORRIDGEWOCK, ts. and cap. Somer-lantic, S. by the entrance into Chesapeake bounded N. by Accomack co. E. by the At set co. Me., on the Kennebeck, 94 m. NNE. from Portland, and 205 NNE. from Boston. It is finely situated on both sides of the river, is a very pleasant town, and contains a court-house, a jail, a meeting-house, and has considerable trade. Here is an elegant bridge across the river. Pop. 1,865. NORRIS' SETTLEMENT, Green co. Il., 12 m. NE. from Carrolton, and has a good soil. NORRISTOWN, t. and cap. Montgomery co. Pa., on the N. side of the Schuylkill, 17 m. NW. from Philadelphia, 143 from W. C. It contains a court-house, a bank, and an academy, various mechanic shops, several stores, and is a place of considerable business. A rail-road connects this place with Philadelphia. Pop. 2,987. NORRISVILLE, v. Wilcox co. Ala., 127 m. S. from Tuscaloosa. NORTE, Del, or Rio Bravo del Norte, river, Mexico, which rises in the Rocky Mountains, near the sources of the Arkansas, about 41° N. Lat. runs SSE. and empties itself into the gulf of Mexico, Lon. 96° 40' W. Lat. 26° N. Length about 2,000 m. NORTH ALMOND, v. Almond ts. Alleghany co. N. Y., contains about 30 dwellings. NORTH ARMENIA, v. Dutchess co. N. Y., 28 m. NE. from Poughkeepsie, has 2 churches and 15 or 20 dwellings. NORTHAMPTON, see Allentown. NORTHAMPTON, v. Clark co. Ohio, 9 m. N. of W. from Springfield, has several stores, and is a flourishing village. NORTHAMPTON, v. on the NE. part of Peoria co. Il., 25 m. NE. of Peoria. NORTHAMPTON, ts. Rockingham co. N. H., 10 m. SW. from Portsmouth, 50 m. SE. by E. from Concord. Pop. 885. bay, and W. by Chesapeake bay. Chief town, Eastville. Pop. 7,715, of whom 3,620 were slaves, and 754 free colored. bounded N. by Va. E. by Hertford co. and W. NORTHAMPTON, co. N. part of N. C., by Roanoke river. Jackson is the seat of justice. Pop. 13,369. of Portage co. Ohio, 15 m. W. from RaNORTHAMPTON, v. in the W. borders venna. co. Mass., 29 m. SSW. from Boston, and 12 NORTH ATTLEBOROUGH, v. Bristol NNE. from Providence. Il., 6 m. E. from Paris. The settlement is NORTH ARM, settlement in Edgar co. large and dense. NORTH BEND, v. Hamilton co. Ohio, 91 m. SW. from Augusta and 13 NW. from N. Y., 55 m. SW. by W. from Albany, about Mass., 11 m. from Worcester, and 32 W. Pop. co. Mass., 54 m. from Boston and 392 from in the S. part of Worcester co. Mass., 35 m. NORTH BRIDGE, ts. on Pawtucket r., SW. from Boston. Its manufactures consist NORTHAMPTON, ts. and cap. Hamp-ry, boots, shoes, &c. Annual value, about of cotton and woollen goods, cotton machineshire co. Mass., on the W. bank of Connec- $280,000. Pop. 1,449. |