and associations, one hundred and twentyfour missionary societies, and fifty-nine tract societies and depositories. In their Theological Seminary at Montauban, in the year 1826-7, there were seventy-three pupils. The faculty of this Seminary consist of a dean and five professors. Instruction is given in philosophy, high Latinity, Greek literature, Hebrew, sacred criticism, ecclesiastical history, dogmatical

theology, pulpit oratory, and evangelical morality. The term of study is fixed by law at three years. After November last, no one was to be admitted who had not obtained the degree of Bachelor of Arts; and after November next, none will be admitted to the course of Theology, properly so called, who is not a proficient in Hebrew.

The Treasurer of the Trustees of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church acknowledges the receipt of the following sums for their Theological Seminary at Princeton, N.J. during the month of June last, viz.

Of Samuel Bayard, Esq. the annual collection in Princeton, N. J. for the Contingent Fund,

$24 77

Of Rev. Dr. John M'Dowell, collected by Rev. William Blauvelt in Lamington, N. J. for the New York and New Jersey Professorship,

20 00

Of Rev. John B. Davies, per Rev. Dr. Ashbel Green, for the Southern Professorship,

4 50

Of Roswell L. Colt, Esq. per Rev. William Nevins, one year's interest of his scholarship,

125 00

75 00

Of Thomas H. Mills, Esq. for the Woodhull Scholarship,

Of Rev. Edward N. Kirk, a member of the First Class of 1825, stated to be the balance of his subscription and a year's interest, given for the instruction of some indigent student, who shall consider it as a loan to be repaid when Providence makes it practicable

53 00

Amount received for the Seminary,

$302 27

Received also for the Board of Missions, viz.

Of Rev. Dr. E. S. Ely, his collections

$255 36

Of Alexander Henry, Esq. monthly concert collections in Second Presbyterian
Church,

37 22

Of Mr. Thomas Hutchison, Great Valley,

14 68

Of Hugh Auchincloss, Esq. from Rev. Dr. Philips, First Presbyterian Church,
New York,

164 63

Of Rev. Joshua T. Russell, collection in the First Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia, at the prayer meeting of the Board of Missions,

60 06

and his collections

165 00

Of Rev. R. B. Belville, Neshaminey,

Of Rev. Joshua T. Russell, per Solomon Allen, Esq.

Of Captain James Moore, from Richard Wynkoop, Esq., First Presbyterian
Church, Yorktown, West Chester county, N. Y. monthly concert collections
Of Rev. Sylvester Scovel, the balance of his collections on his agency,

Amount received for the Board of Missions,

View of Publick Affairs.

EUROPE.

European advices to the 23d of May inclusive are, at the time we write, the most recent that have reached this country.

BRITAIN. Our readers are already apprized that the Roman Catholick Relief Bill, which was stated in our number for May to have passed the House of Commons, and to have been sent to the House of Lords, was carried in the latter House by a large and unexpected majority, and has by the royal signature, become a law. Subsequently to these events the far famed Irish barrister, Daniel O'Connell, Esq. came forward and

claimed a seat in parliament, to which he had been elected before the passage of the Relief law. He was required by the Speaker of the Commons to take the oath prescribed to be taken by every member on being admitted to his seat, agreeably to the form contained in the law, as it stood before the Relief Bill was passed, and at the time of his, Mr. O'Connell's election. This he refused. Debate and delay ensued; but finally a large majority of the house adopted the Speaker's opinion, and on Mr. O'C.'s continuing his refusal, a motion made by the Solicitor General, was carried, "that the Speaker do issue his warrant to the clerk of the Crown in Ireland, to issue a new writ, subject to the provisions of the recent statute for the Relief of the Roman Catholicks, for the election of a member to serve in the present parliament, for the county of Clare." This resolution, however, appears to have been adopted entirely with a view to preserve consistency, without any hostility to Mr. O'Connell, and we presume there is no doubt that he will be re-elected, and be freely admitted to his seat under the new act, which prescribes an oath to which he has no objection. The agitation produced through the kingdom, by the proceedings in parliament on the Catholick question, appears to have subsided more speedily and generally than was expected. Indeed the opposers of the Catholick claims, with the exception of a few sturdy Church and State zealots, seem to have nearly lost their fears of the evils they predicted. We were glad to see an article taken from a London paper, stating that the Earl of Winchelsea, who fought the duel with the Duke of Wellington, felt so much compunction for that act as to refuse to continue a director of a religious institution, assigning for reason, that such an office did not become a man who had openly violated the law both of God and his country. We benevolently wish that the Duke also may be favoured with a large share of the same feeling, and that it may speedily find a place in the bosom of every duellist in the world.

The low wages of some mechanicks, of weavers especially, has recently become the subject of serious complaint. It is stated that at Spitalfield no less than 5000 weavers had struck for wages, and that no compromise had taken place between them and their employers at the last accounts. At Manchester formidable riots had occurred, but had happily been quieted. At Rochdale the rioters could not be subdued till the military interposed, and after bearing much insult, fired on the mob, killed five individuals, and wounded 25 others. It appears that trade is in a very depressed state both in Britain and France.

FRANCE.-The late minister of foreign affairs in France, was compelled to resign his office, in consequence of his unpopularity-he was unable to carry his measures in the legislative chambers. The monarch, and the remaining members of the administration have, it appears, been much embarrassed in the choice of a successor. Much influence was used to secure the services of the Duke of Laval Montmorency,. on account of his popularity, and the numerous friends he had in the chambers; but he has absolutely refused to take office with the present administration, and the under secretary in the department of justice, M. Bordeau, is for the present made keeper of the seals. The Court, it seems, is at issue with both parties in the legislative body, and it is conjectured that the dissolution of the chambers will be the consequence. An expedition, both by sea and land, against Algiers is talked of, but there is as yet no evidence that it is seriously contemplated. Alarming riots, occasioned by the want of provisions and employment, have occurred in several parts of France, as well as of England. On the whole, there appears to be much agitation in this kingdom at present, and yet we perceive nothing that threatens a disastrous change.

SPAIN.-The king of Spain is either infatuated enough to resolve on endeavouring to regain a part of his former possessions in Southern America, or else he pretends to have adopted such a resolution, with a view to engage the refugees from Mexico, to pour the treasures they have carried with them into his empty coffers. An expedition, consisting of twenty thousand men, is said to be on foot against Mexico, and formida ble demonstrations are made from the Havana, avowedly for the purpose of securing this object. Time will show the result. It is greatly to be regretted, that the civil dissentions in the South American republicks encourage their enemies, and enfeeble and distress themselves. Perhaps the pressure of foreign war is again necessary to unite them among themselves. The queen of Spain died on the 7th of May.

PORTUGAL.-The latest accounts from Portugal represent the affairs of that king. dom as being in no better situation. Twenty-three Constitutionalists were condemned in April, as having been concerned in the insurrection at Oporto last year, twelve of whom were executed, and eleven banished. The expedition to Terceira," sailed on

One of the Azores islands which has not submitted to Don Miguel. It is 54 miles in circumference, healthy and fertile. It is now the favourite resort of the Portuguese refugees,

the 6th April. In a debate in the French Chamber on the 16th, M. de Pompiere, remarking on expenditures, said that the conveyance of an African lion to Paris, cost 7000 francs; but that in 1826 it cost the French double that sum to accelerate the arrival in Portugal of a tiger, or biped monster, much more dangerous. There was an order in the Lisbon Gazette of May 1st, from Don Miguel, to dismiss eight Portuguese Consuls, viz. at Philadelphia, New York, Elsineur, Stettin, Paris, Marseilles, Havrede-Grace, and Barcelona. Accounts from Terceira, say that the garrison of that island is composed of 3,500 men, and that perfect tranquillity prevails there. No fears are entertained of an attack by Don Miguel, and that fortifications are in the best state of defence. A merchant ship had arrived from Portugal, with several Portuguese emigrants, among whom were some naval officers.

ROME. The present Pope was, we believe, the Cardinal Castiglione, an Italian, but elected, it is said, by French influence. He has taken the name of Pius VIII. He is represented as having already rendered himself popular, by manifesting a disposition to exercise his power on liberal principles. It is said that he has annulled the privations and prohibitions of his predecessor, and restored the Jews, and Christians of every denomination, to the enjoyment of all their former privileges. It has even been reported that he is in favour of abolishing the celibacy of the clergy; but this we do not believe, and as to the rest, although entirely willing to give him credit for all that he does well, yet we cannot help recollecting that a little good stands for much, when it is done by a Pope. Nor can we help thinking, that when the publick acts and orders of one Pope on the subject of religion are condemned and set aside by his immediate successor, it looks as if one or the other was not infallible.

PRUSSIA. A most desolating flood, from the overflowing of the Vistula, has occurred in Prussia. The property destroyed and the distress occasioned has been immense-The loss of human life however has not been great, although many cattle have perished. Nor have the ravages of this flood been confined to Prussia, but have been more or less experienced through the whole of the countries visited by the extensive river whose stream has broken from its usual bounds.

TURKEY AND RUSSIA.-These are the two great powers to which the awakened attention of the whole civilized world is now directed; because in the issue of the existing fearful conflict between them, the interests of the civilized world may, to a great extent, be involved. Yet since the close of the last campaign, nothing of great interest has taken place, except the vigorous and formidable preparations for combat which have been made by both, and about equally by both. Since the present campaign has opened, the accounts from the theatre of war relate no event of any such importance as can have much influence on the result of the contest-The armies, enormous in numbers and complete in equipment, are slowly and warily approaching each other, and there have been some affairs of posts and detached parties, in which the Russians generally, bat not always, appear to have had the advantage; but nothing decisive, or that can afford ground for a rational prognostick of what is likely to ensue, has occurred. The main Russian army was, at the date of the last accounts, still on the north of the Danube, but actively engaged in making preparations to cross it, and to subdue all the Turkish fortresses that were last year left in the rear of their advancing hosts, and from which much annoyance was experienced. As we have heretofore stated, Field Marshal Witgenstein had resigned the chief command of the army, and General Count Diebitsch been appointed his successor; but it is now affirmed that this last appointment is so unsatisfactory to the Russian officers that the Count is obliged to feign sickness, and that although he secretly directs the military movements he cannot do it ostensibly— If this be so, it is certainly a bad omen. The Turks on their part have reinforced Shumla, and in all their encounters with their adversaries have fought with bravery and skill. The Sultan has assumed a plain military dress, and has required his officers to do the same. Great exertions have been made to provision Constantinople so as to prevent the effects of scarcity, which the interception of supplies by the Russian fleet was intended to produce, and every arrangement has been made to dispute at every step the advance of the hostile armies. We must wait for the issue, which is known only to Him who will order it by his sovereign will, and who often disappoints, espe cially in military concerns, the calculations and confident expectations of short sighted mortals.

GREECE. As the Turkish Sultan has refused either to declare the independence of Greece, or to withdraw his troops from the country, (the Arabs of Egypt were sent away by a treaty with the Pacha) war is continued. The massacre of Greeks in the island of Candia has been terrible, and not less terrible is the vengeance they take on their enemies, whenever an opportunity favours. In the Morea, the Turkish force is too small to do more than to occupy a number of fortresses, and these, one after ano

ther, are falling before the Greek arms, which have been resumed and animated wonderfully, since the departure of the Arabs. Missolonghi, at the last accounts, was invested, and its reduction speedily expected: after that, it was said, nothing would remain in the power of the Turks but the Acropolis of Athens; and that, it was supposed, could not long be sustained against the force which was gathering round it. Britain and France have been endeavouring for a year past, and are still endeavouring, to persuade the Sultan to terminate by treaty his quarrel with the Greeks; but all in vain as yet. In the mean time, Greece is gradually recovering from the sweeping desolation it has experienced. Schools are established and encouraged, and civil institutions, of various kinds, are making some progress-slow indeed, but yet real-toward maturity. Only a small corps of French troops remains in the Morea.

ASIA.

The Russian ambassador and his suite, it appears, were massacred at Teheran while employed in carrying into effect some articles of the late treaty between Russia and Persia, respecting the Armenian and Georgian subjects of Russia, whom he claimed to return to their country. Among these were two Armenian women, who had belonged to a Khan, and who did not wish to leave him. They were detained for some time by the ambassador, contrary to their inclination, and treated with abuse. They escaped at length, and ran through the streets of the city, proclaiming their wrongs, and calling for vengeance. The populace were enraged, and attacked the ambassador's Cossack guards, who fired on the mob and killed six individuals. This greatly incensed the rest; who were speedily joined by others, to the amount at length, it is said, of 30,000. The ambassador's residence was surrounded, and although the king sent his guards to assist the Russians in their defence, they were not able to prevent the massacre of the ambassador and his whole train, thirty in number, except one of the secretaries, and two Cossacks, who were all that escaped with their lives. It is made a question whether this occurrence will not renew the war between Russia and Persia. It seems plain that it ought not, and as Russia must at present wish for peace with Persia, it is probable that it will not.

AFRICA.

Attempts are making by the Russians to detach the Pasha of Egypt from his ally the Grand Senior of the Turks. Alexandria has been blockaded by the Russian fleet, and two Egyptian vessels have been taken, which the Russian Admiral has offered to restore, on condition that the Pasha will engage not farther to assist the Turks, either with provisions or troops. The offer has not yet been accepted, but some expectations are entertained that it will result in a treaty of peace between the Pasha and the Russian Emperor.

The American colony at Liberia has again sustained a severe loss, in the death of Dr. Randal, the successor of the lamented Ashmun. Those who are disposed to see in these afflictive visitations of a righteous Providence a reason either for regretting that this colony was founded, or that it ought now to be abandoned, should, we think, look back to the original settlement of our own country, by our European ancestors. They experienced losses and hardships, with which all that has yet been experienced, in attempting a settlement on the African coast, are but trifles in the comparison. Yet under the eventual smiles of a benignant Providence, we have become the envy of the world; and for ourselves, our hope and expectation is, and has long been, that the colony we are planting on the western shore of Africa is destined to spread over that vast continent the blessings of civil liberty, the arts of civilized life, and the inestimable privileges and hopes of the gospel of Christ-The freeing of our own country from the calamity and curse of slavery, although an object of great value in itself, we have long regarded as only an incidental benefit, attending a great and glorious design of Providence for meliorating the condition of the inhabitants of one quarter of our globe. We earnestly hope that the celebration of the epoch of our national independence, now near at hand, will, by the liberal contributions of the Christians and patriots of the United States, replenish munificently the treasury of the Colonization Society, that the thousands of liberated Africans who are now waiting and wishing to leave our shores for the land of their forefathers, may be speedily gratified.

AMERICA.

BUENOS AYRES.-The last accounts from this republick, represent it as in a state of civil war of the most disastrous character. The contest, as we have heretofore mentioned, is between those who wish for a federal government resembling our own, and which has hitherto existed, and those who desire to change this form, and bring the whole of the United Provinces under a single legislature and one executive head. The

leader of the latter party is general Lavalle, who most inhumanly ordered Dorrego, the constitutional chief of Buenos Ayres, whom he had captured, to be shot, with only an hour's warning. Lavalle probably wished and expected to make himself the Dictator of the United Provinces. Flushed with some temporary success, he carried the war toward Santa Fe; but he and his troops, it seems, have been driven back into the very city and environs of Buenos Ayres. The Indians have joined with his opposers, and by the last accounts it appears that the inhabitants of the city were under the most fearful apprehensions, not without cause, that they would be subjected to all the evils of a place taken by assault, by an incensed soldiery, many of them barbarians, without civilization, and without mercy. It is impossible to foresee the sequel of these sanguinary broils.

BRAZIL.-The English have made a demand on the emperor of Brazil, for indemnity to a large amount, for British vessels captured and confiscated by his order, in the Buenos Ayrean war. The emperor, we suppose, has not at present the ability, and certainly not the inclination, to comply with this demand. But Britain will enforce it, and as he cannot resist, and moreover wants British aid against his brother Don Miguel, he will doubtless make the best compromise he can.

Mexico, Colombia, Peru, Chili, and Central America, are all in a very perturbed and unsettled state-some in a greater and some in a less degree. In this the enemies of republican governments rejoice, and over it their friends lament. But it ought to be recollected that the existing evils are all fairly attributable to a previous state of tyranny and oppression, and the habits which such a state must ever produce. Republicans, we have frequently remarked, cannot be formed but by education; and we have long feared, and often hinted our fears, that the generation that had grown up under Spanish despotism could not enjoy the blessings of free government. We did however, at one period, hope that sanguinary conflicts were at an end. We are not, however, greatly disappointed that this hope has not been realized. There are real, and the most serious difficulties, in the way of establishing free and orderly governments among our southern neighbours. To remove them without convulsions and bloodshed, more virtue, more enlightened views, and more patient endurance of temporary hardships, are necessary, than are to be found among the ignorant, depraved, and superstitious mass, which composes the population of these recent Spanish colonies. They have some enlightened men, but even these seem, in general, to lack patriotism and moral principle, to a lamentable degree, and they are at best but a small minority. It must probably be in the school of much affliction that our neighbours must learn wisdom; but we doubt not that eventually the southern part of our country, as well as the northern, will exhibit such a spectacle of social happiness as can never exist under the sway of those rulers of the old world who now rejoice in the calamities that afflict the republicks of the south.

UNITED STATES.-Within the past month we have seen with painful feelings the communication of our President to the Cherokee Indians. We certainly regard them as the original proprietors of the soil on which they live, and indeed of a great deal more than they at present occupy; and we do not believe that we, or any other nation on earth, have a moral right to dispossess them, without their consent. We may talk as we please about the rights of individual States to their whole territory, and of the pledges of the general government to ensure that territory to the separate States; but the rights of the Indians are antecedent and paramount to all these; and although we may have the power to take away these rights, to do so, is nevertheless, in the eye of Him "whose is the earth and the fulness thereof," an act of no ordinary degree of moral turpitude. Beside, we greatly mistake if the lands on which the Cherokees now reside have not been as fully and solemnly guaranteed to them by treaty, as the region is to which they are now required to remove. When our population shall advance to that region, there is great reason to fear that the poor Indians will be treated exactly in the same manner as they now are. God is just, he is the avenger of the oppressed, and we have cause to fear for our country-"Shall not the Judge of all the earth do right."

We acknowledge our indebtedness to several correspondents, whose communications shall appear as speedily as possible. We invite attention to the advertisements on our cover.