Providence Plantations, 1; Connecticut, 5; 'New York, 6;
New Jersey, 4; Pennsylvania, 8; Delaware, 1; Maryland,
6; Virginia, 10; North Carolina, 5; South Carolina, 5;
Georgia, 3. Whole number, 65...

STATES. Congress shall have power to regulate commerce among
the several States and with the Indian tribes.....
(See Commerce.)

STATES. Congress shall have power to provide for organizing,
arming, and disciplining the militia, and for governing
such part of them as may be employed in the service of
the United States, reserving to the States respectively the
appointment of the officers, and the authority of training
the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Con-

gress.... STATES. Congress shall have power to exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular States and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States; and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the legislature of the State in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings..

The District was ceded by Virginia and Maryland, n. 137.
(See District of Columbia.)
STATES. The migration or importation of such persons as any of

the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall
not be prohibited by Congress prior to the year 1808, but a
tax or duty may be imposed on such importation not ex-
ceeding ten dollars for each person..

STATES. The President shall not receive, during the time for
which he shall have been elected, any emolument from
any of the States..

STATES. The President shall be commander-in-chief of the militia of the severa! States when called into the actual service of the United States...

STATES. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts of States, without the consent of the legislatures of the States concerned, as well as of the Congress..

(See New States, notes 229, 230.) For a list of the new States, with dates of admission, see note 230.

STATES. The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the applications of the legislatures of twothirds of the several States, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof..

(See Amendments, notes 236, 244, 274, 275-286.) STATES. The ratification of the conventions of nine States shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the same..

(See Ratification, n. 243.)

STATES. The Constitution adopted in convention by the unani-
mous consent of the deputies from all the States present,
the 17th day of September, A. D. 1787, and of the Inde-
pendence of the United States of America the twelfth;
the following States being represented:-New Hamp-
shire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey,
Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Caro-
lina, South Carolina, Georgia.

STATES. The powers not delegated to the United States by the
Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are re-

served to the States, respectively, or to the people.
Amendments...

See this power discussed, n. 269.

STATES. The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit, in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign State. Amendments..

STATES. The thirteenth amendment trenches directly upon the
powers of the States and people, n. 274, p. 278. It has
done what the several States only could have one, n. 274,
p. 276.

STOCKTON, JOHN P., of New Jersey. Ousted from his seat in the
Senate because of the mode of election, n. 29, p. 75.
STOCKTON, RICHARD, of New Jersey. Signed the Declaration of

Independence, p. 7.

STONE, THOMAS, of Maryland. Signed the Declaration of Independence, p. 7.

SUBJECTS. The judicial power shall extend to all cases between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens, or subjects...

(See Judicial Power, n. 205a.)
SUBJECTS of any foreign State. The judicial power of the United
States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law
or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the
United States, by citizens of another State, or by citizens
or subjects of any foreign State. Amendments...
See this amendment explained, notes 205a, 271.
SUFFRAGE. No State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its
equal suffrage in the Senate..
SUITS. In suits at common law, where the value in controversy

shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury
shall be preserved; and no fact tried by a jury shall be
otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States
than according to the rules of the common law. Amend-
ments...

See notes 263, 265.

SUITS. The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit, in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign State. Amendments..

This article defined and discussed, n. 270.

SUNDAYS excepted. Ten days allowed the President to return a
bill, resolution, &c....

There must be ten entire days, n. 69.
SUPPORT the Constitution. The senators and representatives

before mentioned, and the members of the several State
legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of
the United States and of the several States, shall be bound
by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution, &c...
And to swear allegiance to the government, &c. (see
Test Oath), n. 242. Congress has the right to superadd to
the oath, Id.

SUPREME COURT. Congress shall have power to constitute tribunals

inferior to the Supreme Court...

SUPREME COURT. (See Appointment of Judges of, &c.)... SUPREME COURT. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office...

Supreme Court defined, n. 195, p. 190. It has original jurisdiction in but two classes of cases, Id.

SUPREME COURT. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other publis

ministers, and consuls, and those in which a State shall be
a party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction.
In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme
Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and
fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations, as
the Congress shall make.......

Its original jurisdiction is exclusive, n. 219. Original
jurisdiction defined and discussed, n. 219, p. 205. Appel-
late jurisdiction defined, n. 211. It can only be conferred
by Congress, n. 211, p. 207.
SUPREME law of the land. (See Constitution-Laws-Treaties.)
SWAYNE, NOAH H. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court,
n. 197.

TANEY, ROGER B. Chief-Justice of the Supreme Court, n. 197, p. 192.

TAX. A tax or duty on imported persons (slaves) might have been imposed up to 1808..

TAX. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in
proportion to the census or enumeration herein before
directed to be taken....

TAX. No amendment made prior to 1808, shall in any manner
affect the 1st and 4th clauses of the 9th section..
TAX. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any
State..

TAXED. Indians not taxed excluded from representative numbers.
Also by Article XIV. n. 275.

TAXES, direct, defined, notes 22, 144. How apportioned, notes 93,
94. Taxes defined, n. 72. The power to lay, n. 73.

TAXES. Representative and direct taxes to be apportioned among the States according to their respective numbers... Direct taxes, see n. 22.

TAXES. Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes..

Taxes under this power defined and discussed, notes 72, 78. It is co-extensive with the territory of the United States, n. 73.

TAYLOR, GEORGE, of Pennsylvania. Signed Declaration of Independence, p. 7.

TAYLOR, JOHN W. Speaker of the House of Representatives,

n. 26.

TAYLOR, ZACHARY. President of the United States, n. 166.

TAZEWELL, HENRY. President of the Senate, pro tempore, n. 38, p. 78.

TAZEWELL, LITTLETON W. President of the Senate, pro tempore, n. 38, p. 80.

TELFAIR, EDWARD, of Georgia. Signed the Articles of Confederation, p. 21.

TENDER. No State shall make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts..

Remarks upon this clause, n. 152. Congress may make other things than gold and silver a legal tender, notes 83, 84, 97, 98, 99, 100, 155. (See Legal Tender.)

TENURE of office. Of military officers in time of peace, n. 184, p. 179. Persons holding civil offices, how removed, Id. With the exception of secretaries, n. 184, p. 179, § 1. Power of the President to suspend during the recess of the Senate, Id. § 2. President to designate some person to perform the duties, Id. If the Senate refuse to concur. Id. The President may revoke the suspension, Id. p. 180. The President's power to fill vacancies during the recess, Id. § 3. And if not confirmed, office to remain in abeyance, Id. Tenure not to be extended beyond the term limited by law, n. 184, p. 180, § 4. Penalty for accepting office contrary to law, Id., § 5. Penalty for removal or employment contrary to law, Id. § 6. Fine and imprisonment, Id. Duty of the secretary of the Senate to furnish lists of the rejected, to whom, Id. § 7. Duty of the President to communicate information of appointment, n. 184, p. 181, § 8. No payment to persons

appointed contrary to the act, Id. 9. All vouchers and
payments forbidden under penalty, Id.

TERM of election of representatives in Congress-to be chosen
every two years

TERM of ten years. The census shall be taken within every term of ten years subsequent to the first..

TERM of citizenship as qualification for a representative in Congress-seven years..

TERM of years. Representative numbers include those persons bound to service for a term of years...

TERM of office of senators in Congress-to be chosen for six years. TERM of citizenship as qualification for a senator in Congress-nine years...

TERM of office. The President shall hold his office during the term of four years, and the Vice-President chosen for the

same term.. TERRITORIES. The organized and inchoate States, n. 231, pp. 239, 240. Not States within the meaning of the judicial power and the judiciary act, n. 206, p. 201. Offenses in the organized Territories, tried therein, n. 214. Acts of authentication extended to, n. 219, p. 222, § 2. The act is constitutional, Id. The Territories are States as to fugitive slaves, n. 227, p. 233. States carved out of Territories, n. 230. They are States within the guaranty of a republican form of government, n. 233, p. 242. Their judges are not constitutional, but removable, n. 197. The same duties must be paid in all the States and Territories, n. 81. Absurdities in relation to, notes 231, 285.

TERRITORY. Congress shall exercise exclusive legislation over all places (or territory) acquired for public purposes by cession of particular States..

(See District of Columbia, n. 137.)

TERRITORY. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States... Territory critically defined, n. 231, p. 238. Applies only to property held at the time, Id. Not to future acquisitions, Id. p. 230. Congress may punish for offenses within the, notes 91, 230. The Indian country remains a part of the, n. 231, p. 230. The doctrine of power as to, Id. p. 240. Powers denied, Id. The Confederate States Constitution as to, n. 231, pp. 240, 241, § 2, 3. "And other property defined" and discussed, n. 232. Of Louisiana, Florida, California, New Mexico, as to their inhabitants. n. 220, pp. 233, 234, § 3-7. The States possess the power to forbid the introduction of certain persons into their territory, n. 221, p. 225. Opposite views as to the power over slavery in the "common territory," n. 222, p. 229. The power to levy taxes is co-extensive with the territory of the United States, n. 73.

TEST. No religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States........ In what sense this was used, n. 242, p. 251.

TEST Oath required by the act of 1862, n. 242, p. 251. Held unconstitutional as to certain attorneys, notes 142, 143, 242. TESTIMONY. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court

(See Treason, n. 213.)

THINGS. No warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. Amendments..

THOMPSON, SMITH. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, n. 197, p. 193.

THREE-FIFTHS of all other persons (slaves) included in representative numbers.

That is, two-fifths of the slaves were excluded, n. 24, p. 68.

THREE-FOURTHS. Amendments to the Constitution must be ratified by the legislatures or conventions of three-fourths of the States...

Differences of opinion as to what are three-fourths
necessary for the fourteenth amendinent, n. 275.
TIME of choosing electors may be determined by Congress
TITLE of nobility. No title of nobility shall be granted by the
United States; and no person holding any office of profit
or trust under them, shall, without the consent of the
Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or
title, of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or
foreign State

TITLE of nobility. No State shall grant any title of nobility
Title of nobility defined, n. 151.

.....

TODD, THOMAS. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, n. 197, p. 193.

TOMPKINS, DANIEL D. Vice-President, n. 37, p. 78.

TONNAGE. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay

any duty of tonnage.

Tonnage defined, n. 163.

TOOMBS, ROBERT, of Ga. Expelled from the Senate, n. 50.

TRACY, URIAH, President of the Senate, pro tempore, n. 38,

p. 78.

TRAINING the militia.

TRANQUILLITY. Constitution established to secure domestic tran

The authority of training the militia reserved to the States

This power explained, notes 134, 135.

quillity. Preamble.

22, 58

This object defined, n. 9.

TREASON. For treason a senator or representative may be ar

rested..

TREASON. All civil officers shall be removed from office on im-
peachment for, and conviction of, treason, &c....
TREASON against the United States shall consist only in levying

war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving
them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of
treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the
same overt act, or on confession in open court

Treason at common law defined, n. 215. Only defined,
Id. The levying war may be under the authority of State
governments or confederacy of States, Id. p 211.

TREASON. The Congress shall have power to declare the punish

ment of treason, but no attainder of treason shall work cor-
ruption of blood or forfeiture, except during the life of
the person attainted..

Punishment defined and acts of Congress quoted, n. 217.
TREASON. A person charged with treason, and fleeing from one
State to another, to be delivered up, on demand, to the
State having jurisdiction..
TREASURY. The senators and representatives shall receive a
compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law,
and paid out of the Treasury of the United States
TREASURY. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in
consequence of appropriations made by law; and a regu-
lar statement and account of the receipts and expendi-
tures of all public money shall be published from time to
time

TREASURY of the United States. The net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any State on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the Treasury of the United States.. (See Secretary of the Treasury, n. 184.)

TREATIES.

The President shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the senators present concur

Treaty defined, n. 178, p. 175, and note 240. They are contracts, Id. Their interpretation is often political, notes 178, 199. The advice of the Senate, how obtained, n. 178.