water-power. The land on the borders of the lower part of the river is very fertile and thickly settled; Jefferson County-and the vicinity of Watertown in particular, where is a good water power-is justly celebrated for its agricultural products.

CHAUMONT BAY, situated north of Sacket's Harbor at Black River Bay, is a large body of water abounding in fish of several kinds and fine flavor; here being extensive fisheries, where are annually taken large quantities of fish.

The trip across the foot of Lake Ontario from Sacket's Harbor to Kingston, Can., 38 miles, is a very interesting excursion during pleasant weather. Here may be seen beautiful headlands and several picturesque islands; the Fox and Grenadier islands are passed before reaching Grand or Wolfe Island, attached to Canada. This latter island, situated in the St. Lawrence River, at the foot of Lake Ontario, is a large and fertile body of land, being settled by Canadians.

CAPE VINCENT, Jefferson Co., N. Y., is situated at the head of the St. Lawrence River, where terminates the Watertown and Rome Railroad, and is a port of entry. It contains about 1,100 inhabitants, four churches, five hotels and taverns, ten stores, and an extensive storehouse connected with the railroad; one steam grist-mill, one foundry and machine-shop, one steam planing-mill, and a ship-yard. Steamers arrive and depart daily for different ports on Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River. A steamer also leaves Cape Vincent twice daily for Kingston, Canada, during navigation; while in winter, stages run across the ice to Grand or Wolfe Island, and thence to Kingston, distant 12 miles by direct route. Cape Vincent is a healthy and pleasant location, being much resorted to in warm weather by fishing and pleasure parties, being contiguous to the "Thousand Islands."

CLAYTON, or FRENCH CREEK, 18 miles below Cape Vincent, lies opposite Grindstone Island, attached to the State of New York. The village contains three churches, two public houses, ten stores, and a foundry and machine-shop. Here is an extensive shipyard for the construction of steamers and other lake craft.

The Black River and Utica Railroad, when completed, will extend to Clayton, a distance of 109 miles from Utica.

ALEXANDRIA BAY, 12 miles below Clayton, is favorably situated on the southeast shore of the St. Lawrence, in the immediate vicinity of the greatest cluster of the Thousand Islands. The village contains one Presbyterian church, two good hotels for the accommodation of summer visitors, three stores, a steam saw-mill, a ship-yard, and about 350 inhabitants. No place on the St. Lawrence River exceeds this vicinity for its salubrity of climate and picturesque water scenery. The islands here, almost innumerable, are annually resorted to by visitors from almost every section of the country for health, and to enjoy the pleasure of fishing and hunting.

WELL'S ISLAND is settled by some 20 or 30 families, and is, no doubt, destined to become a favorite resort, as a hotel is projected, to be located near the foot of this lovely island.

MORRISTOWN, N. Y., 11 miles above Ogdensburgh, lies nearly opposite Brockville, C. W., with which it is connected by a ferry. This is a regular landing-place for the American steamers. The village contains two churches, two taverns, three stores, and about 350 inhabitants.

OGDENSBURGH, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., is advantageously situated at the mouth of the Oswegatchie River where it empties into the St. Lawrence. It was first incorporated as a village in 1817, and now contains about 8,000 inhabitants, 1,000 dwellinghouses; one each Episcopal, Presbyterian, Baptist, Methodist, and Roman Catholic church-and a Universalist congregation; an incorporated academy, three banks, two insurance offices, a custom-house, six public houses, 100 stores of different kinds. The Oswegatchie River here furnishes an abundance of waterpower, where are situated one woolen factory, two flouring-mills, three grist-mills, three saw-mills, one paper-mill, two planingmills and two furnaces, a ship-yard and marine railway. This place is situated near the foot of sloop navigation on the St. Lawrence, although steamers of a large class run the Rapids to Montreal, 120 miles, ascending through the St. Lawrence canais.

Two daily lines of steamers leave Ogdensburgh for Cape Vincent, Kingston, Oswego Toronto, Lewiston, etc., while two daily lines leave Ogdensburgh or Prescott for Montreal, etc. Two steam ferry-boats run across the St. Lawrence, here one mile and a half wide, to Prescott, forming a close connection between the two shores. The Northern Railroad extends from Ogdensburgh easterly to Rouse's Point, N. Y., 118 miles, connecting with steamers and railroads extending to Boston and New York. A railroad is also projected to extend from Ogdensburgh and form a junction with the Potsdam and Watertown Railroad. Propellers and lake craft annually deposit an immense amount of Western produce, to be carried forward by railroads to Eastern markets. As a stopping-place for pleasure travelers, Ogdensburgh stands unrivaled, having the Thousand Islands above and the magnificent Rapids of the St. Lawrence below. Passengers are here usually transferred from the floating palaces of Lake Ontario to the equally safe but smaller steamers which run the Rapids to Montreal.

The Northern Transportation Com. has nere its principal office for the trans-shipment of produce and merchandise going East and West. This company owns 15 propellers, of about 350 tons burden, running from Ogdensburgh and Oswego to Cleveland, Toledo, Detroit, Milwaukee, Chicago, etc. This line affords a cheap and speedy route of travel for travelers and emigrants.

The Oswegatchie River, which empties into the St. Lawrence at Ogdensburgh, is the outlet of Black Lake, lying in the county of St. Lawrence. The lake and river are navigable for about 25 miles, to within four miles of Ogdensburgh. At the mouth of this river, now a part of the village of Ogdensburgh, an early settlement was made by the French, and fortifications erected, all of which have gone to decay.

The Trip from Kingston to Ogdensburgh and Montreal is described in another part of this work, following the Canadian route from Hamilton and Toronto to Kingston, Prescott, and Montreal. For further information, see advertisements of Lake Ontario and River St. Lawrence Steamers.

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TRIP FROM NIAGARA AND HAMILTON TO TORONTO AND KINGSTON, CANADA

AMERICAN and CANADIAN steamers leave Lewiston, or Niagara, C. W., daily for Toronto, 40 miles from the mouth of Niagara River, connecting with railroad cars from Buffalo and Niagara Falls, running on both sides of the river.

A Canadian steamer also leaves Port Dalhousie daily for Toronto, connecting at St. Catherine's with cars on the Great Western Railway, altogether affording great facilities both in summer and winter to resort to the capital of Canada.

On leaving the mouth of Niagara River, the steamer pursues a N.W. course direct for Toronto, having, on a clear day, land constantly in sight from the deck of the steamer. Nothing can exceed the pleasure of this trip during pleasant weather. Usually may be seen propellers and sailing vessels on their way to or from Port Dalhousie, the mouth of the Welland Canal, a magnificent work, of which the Canadians are justly proud.

PORT DALHOUSIE, 12 miles west of the mouth of Niagara River, and distant 38 miles from Toronto, is a small village situated at the terminus of the Welland Canal, four miles below St. Catherine's, with which place it is connected by the Port Dalhousie and Thorold Railroad, five miles in length, connecting with the Great Western Railway.

The WELLAND CANAL, 28 miles in length, connecting Lake Erie with Lake Ontario, and overcoming the Falls of Niagara, is a work alike beneficial to the commercial interests of the United States and Canada, the former paying by far the greatest amount of tolls. The number of locks are 27, being 150 feet in length and 26 feet wide. The total rise is 330 feet. The depth of water is 8 feet, the canal being 45 feet wide at bottom and 81 feet at the surface. The feeder branch, from Junction to Dunnville, is 21 miles long. The Broad Creek branch

from feeder to Port Maitland, the terminus on Lake Erie, is 1 miles in length, with one lock each. The entire cost of the enlarged canal was about £1,000,000 Canadian currency, or $4,000,000.

ST. CATHERINE'S, 38 miles south of Toronto by water, 11 miles from Suspension Bridge, and 32 miles from Hamilton by railroad route, is advantageously situated on the line of the Welland Canal, here affording a large amount of water-power. This town is a place of great attraction and growing importance, being surrounded by a healthy and rich section of country. Here is a mineral fountain called the "Artesian Well," also several large and well-kept hotels, for the accommodation of invalids and seekers of pleasure. The Stevenson House, near the Spring, and the Welland Hotel, are the most frequented by pleasure travelers.

The village contains about 5,000 inhabitants, several fine churches and private edifices, here being exhibited a degree of taste and activity equal to any other town of its size in Canada or the United States. If the mineral waters prove as beneficial to invalids as is represented by many who have experienced their beneficial effects, it is no doubt destined to become a popular watering-place during the summer months. The "Well" is situated near the bank of the canal, and is 550 feet in depth; the water being raised by a steam pump to the bath-house, situated on the bank above.

The City of HAMILTON, from its geographical position, and its peculiar natural and artificial advantages, lying on Burlington Bay, at the extreme west end of Lake Ontario, has within the last five or six years rapidly increased in wealth and numbers. But a few short years have passed away since the site on which now stands the crowded city, with its stately edifices and its elegant residences, its thronged streets, and its marts and factories teeming with life and business activity, was a dense forest, the residence and hunting-ground of the Indian. It was not many years ago that the waters of its beautiful bay, which now bear upon their bosom magnificent steamers and vessels of