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Current Gold or Silver Coin of the Realm, or for uttering the same, from the 1st of January, 1812, to the 1st of January, 1816, distinguishing each Year.

No persons have been prosecuted, during the above period, for counterfeiting or uttering the gold coin of the realm..

The following number of persons have been prosecuted for counterfeiting or uttering the silver coin of the realm:Yeart. Counterfeiting. Uttering. Total. 1812... 140.... 144 1813...21 155---166 1814.....18. 16.... 144

1815.

4.

140. - 157

17.

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THE

LONDON REVIEW,

AND'

LITERARY JOURNAL,

FOR SEPTEMBER, 1816.

QUID SIT PULCHRUM, QUID TURPE,' QUID UTILE, QUID NON.

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description-nothing of romantic terror, little of pathos or the deeper passions-the Antiquary is exhibited too often; and whilst the other characters are slightly sketched, this is etched (to use a technical expression) with tedious minuteness—but the beggar Edic Ochiltree, the true hero of the piece, baffles criticism he is infinitely more attrac tive than the Gypsey of Guy Mannering, and would alone extort for the author the homage due to real genius.

Of Meg Merrilies-that unearthly be ing of poetical creation—the humanized

sprceress — invested with portentous and terrible sublimity; it is difficult to conceive the palpable existence,-she Boats before us like a spirit of night, with which we can associate nothing we have known, suffered, or enjoyed, and is scarcely to be recognized as belonging to our terrestrial sphere. With Edic, Ocheltree, on the contrary, we are fa miliar from the first glance; though strikingly original, he has the warm life-blood quality in his composition; -we insensibly catch his idioms, his looks, his tones;-his gestures dwell on our memory by that happy mixture of archness and simplicity, of humorous quaintness and manly feeling, he soon wins our heart, and we almost regret we cannot offer him our home. Never perhaps since the inspiration of Cervantes, has a creature been imagined so happily formed to delight the lovers of genuine nature, In the following description of a rustic funeral, the author exerts his powers for simple pathos:

"In the inside of the cottage was a scene, which our Wilkie alone could have painted, with that exquisite feeling of nature that characterizes his en chanting productions. The body was laid in its coffin within the wooden bedstead, which the young fisher had occupied while alive. At a little distance stood the father, whose rugged weatherbeaten countenance, shaded by his grizzled hair, had faced many a stormy night, and night-like day. He was apparently revolving his loss in his mind, with that strong feeling of painful grief peculiar to harsh and rough characters, which almost breaks forth into hatred against the world and all that remains in it, af ter the beloved object is withdrawn. The old man had made the most desperate efforts to save his son, and had only been withheld by main force from renewing them at a moment when, with out the possibility of assisting the sufferer, he must himself have perished. All this, apparently, was hoiling in his recollection:-his glance was directed sidelong towards the coffin, as to an objeet on which he could not steadfastly look, and yet from which he could not withdraw his eyes ;-his answers to the necessary questions which were occasi-. onally put to him, were brief, harsh, and almost fierce; his family had not yet dared to address to him a word, either of sympathy or consolation;-his masculine, wife, virago as she was, and, absolute mistress of the family, as she Furop. Mag, Vol. LXX. Sept. 1816.

justly boasted herself on all ordinary occasions, was, by this great loss, terrified into silence and submission, and compelled to hide from her husband's observation the bursts of her female sorrow. As he had rejected food ever since the disaster had happened, and not daring herself to approach him, she had that morning, with affectionate artifice, employed the youngest and favourite child to present her husband with some nourishment. His first action was to push it from him, with an angry violence that frightened the child; his next, to snatch up the boy and devour him with kisses: ve'll be a bra fallow, an ye be spared, Patie, but ye'll never, never can be, what he was to me. He has sailed the coble wi me since he was ten years auld, and there was na the like of him drew a net betwixt this and Buchanness. They say folks maun submit-I shall try.' In another corner of the cottage, her face covered by her apron, which was flung over it, sat the mother; the nature of her grief, sufficiently indicated by the wringing of her hands and the convul sive agitation of the bosom, which the covering could not conceal; two of her gossips, officiously whispering into her ear the common-place topic of resignation under irremediable misfortune, seemed as if they were endeavouring to stun the grief which they could not console. The sorrow of the children was mingled with wonder, at the preparation they beheld around them, and at the unusual display of wheaten bread and wine, which the poorest peasant or fisher offers to the guests on these mournful occasions; and thus their grief for their brother's death was almost already lost in admiration of the splendour of his funeral. But the figure of the old grandmother was the most remarkable of the sorrowing group; seated on her accustomed chair, with her nsual air of apathy, and want of interest in what surrounded her, she seemed every now and then mechanically to resume the motion of twirling her spindles. She would then cast her eyes about, as if surprised at missing the usual implements of her industry, and appear caught by the black colour of the gown in which they had dressed her. But she spoke not a word, neither had she shed a tear, nor did one of the family understand, either from look or expression, to what extent she comprehended the uncommon bustle around her; so she sat among the funeral asKk

sembly like a connecting link between the surviving mourners and the dead corpse which they bewailed,- being in whom the light of existence was already obscured by the encroaching shadows of death."

Geography for Youth, adapted to the different Classes of Learners. By the Rev. John Hortley. Second Edition. THE first edition of this work, which was originally composed for the use of the Moravian Seminary at Fulneck, in Yorkshire, has been almost exclusively engrossed by the Schools of the United Brethren; happily, the publication of the present volume will be circulated beyond the pale of that society. And we congratulate the instructors of youth on the acquisition of a work, which comprises more information and exhibits the elements of the science more compendiously, than any introduction to geography with which we are acquainted.

The lessons are simple and comprehensive, and exemplifying a method of teaching admirably calculated to engage the attention, and exercise the memory, of the pupil. In a future edition, it will be proper to make some emendations in the chapter on India, for which our geographical knowledge has been considerably extended by the embassy of Elphinstone to Caubul, and the travels of Pottinger through Belochistan, both of which were published subsequently to this elementary; and, as they could not have been anticipated, were at least not overlooked, by its intelligent author.

The Naiad, a Tale, with other Foems.

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8vo. pp. 63.

Ax interesting story, told with much pathos of expression and simplicity of language. It is formed on the legend of a Scottish ballad, somewhat similar to Gaëthés Fisherman," related in Madame de Stael's " Germany," and, to the lovers of the marvelous, cannot fail to be highly interesting. The versification is in the style of Coleridge; and though there are many very inferior and unequal passages, yet the execution of the whole is highly creditable to the poetical abilities of its anonymous author. There are a few smaller poems subjoined, which rather add to, than detract from, the merit attached to the preceding composition.

Conversations on Political Economy, in

which the Elements of that Science are familiarly explained, by the Author of Conversations on Chemistry, 1816.

THE object of this work (as the author modestly states), is, simply to bring within the reach of young persons a science which no English writer has yet presented in an easy and familiar form. We apprehend it will be found to supply a desideratum in literature to a much larger class of readers than the young persons alluded to; political economy being a subject of all others the least calculated to come within the scope of general comprehension, yet possessing the strongest attractions for the public. It is no longer to be considered as a question of abstract speculation, or curious controversy to us, and to our age; it is become an object of universal interest, and, in effect, is constantly operating on the conduct, the comforts, and convenience, of almost every member in the community.

In a commercial country, political economy is, after the moral and religi ous code, the subject on which it is most necessary to disseminate sound knowledge, and to establish correct principles. In the calculations of this science, vulgar errors are not merely to be deprecated as injurious to intellectual improvement, but to be strenu ously resisted as inimical to national greatness and prosperity. It has opened a new field of forensic disquisition, independent of chartered laws and privileges, on which sages and patriots legis. late to little purpose, if they fail to produce conviction in the people. proportion as that people shall be enlightened or ignorant, limited or enlarged, in its conceptions, the study of political economy will be baneful or beneficial to the community.

In

In furnishing this elementary volume, replete with good sense, candour, and philanthropy, the author has conferred a real benefit on society; and when we add, that it is worthy of comparison with her Conversations on Chemistry,' we pronounce its honourable eulogium in common with that work. The tract on political economy is communicated in dialogues: we cannot but regret that the epistolary form was not substituted. The various subjects are discussed in se parate chapters on property, the division of labour, capital, wages, and population, the condition of the poor, re

venue in all its branches, value and price, money, commerce, expenditure. In combating a visionary scheme of equality and poverty, the author has introduced the following pleasing sketch of the people in Switzerland :

Mrs. B." The Swiss are governed by mild and equitable laws, which render them a virtuous and a happy people; and if they are not a rich and populous nation, it proceeds not from any want of industry, but from the obstacles opposed, both to agriculture and trade, by the nature of their country; for they are, on the contrary, uncommonly active and enterprising. I have often seen men carry on their shoulders baskets of manure up steep ascents, inaccessible to beasts of burden, and this for the purpose of cultivating some little insulated spot of ground, which did not appear worth any such labour. The countrywomen wear their knitting fastened round their waists in order to have it at hand to fill up every little interval that occurs in their domestic employments. If a Swiss woman goes to fetch water from the fountain, or faggots from the wood, her burden is skilfully poised on her head, whilst her fingers busily ply the needles: but industrious as they are, the resources of the country are too limited to enable a father of a family to provide for all his children; some of them are, therefore, obliged to emigrate and seek their fortune in a foreign land, which offers greater resources to their industry; thence the number of Swiss merchants, governesses, shop keepers, and servants, that are to be inet with in almost all Countries. Would not these people be happier if they found means of exercising their industry and their talents in a country to which they are all so much attached, and which they have so much reason to love. In the energy of youthful vigour, men may often quit their own country, and live happily in a foreign land; but inquire of the parents who are on the point of separating from their children as soon as they have obtained the hopeful age of manhood, whether their country would be less happy for offering them the means of employ

calculated to allay the prejudices which are often created on that subject by misguided zeal, and even fostered by cre dulous benevolence.

Mrs. B. The invention of machinery, I allow, is, at first, atteuded with some partial and temporary inconvenience and hardship; but, on the other hand, the advantages resulting from it are almost incalculable, both in extent and duration. When any new machine, or process, whatever, which abridges or facilitates labour, is adopted, the commodity produced by it falls in price, the low price enables a greater number of persons to become purchasers, the demands for it increases, and the supply augments in proportion; so that eventually more hands are employed in its fabrication than there were previous to the adoption of the new process: when, for instance, the machine for weaving stockings was first invented, it was considered as a severe hardship on those who had earned a maintenance by knitting them; but the superior facility with which stockings were made in the loom, rendered them so much cheaper, that those who before were unable to purchase them could now indulge the comfort of wearing them: and the prodigious increase of demand for stockings enabled all the knitters to gain a lives lihood by spinning the materials that were to be woven into stockings. To this argument it is objected, that the vocation of spinning was suspended by Arkwright's invention of spinning jen

nies."

Mrs. B.-"Where there is capital the poor will always find employment. In countries possessed of great wealth, we see prodigious works undertaken: roads cut through hills, canals uniting distant rivers, magnificent bridges, splendid edifices, and a variety of other enterprises, which give work to thousands, independently of the usual employment of capital in agriculture, manufactures, and trade. What is the reason of all this? it is in order that the rich may employ their capital; for, in a secure and free government, no man will suffer any part of it to lie idle; the demand for labour is, therefore, proportioned to the extent of capital. Industry, we have already observed, knows no other limits: the capitalist who employs a new machine is, no doubt, the immediate gainer by it, but it is the public who derive from it the greatest and most lasting advanintroduction of machinery, admirably tage. It is they who profit by the

ment and maintenance at home."

In the chapter on capital, having assumed the principle, that, to encrease the consumable produce of the country, is to confer the greatest good on the labouring classes of the community, the author offers some observations on the

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